// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html /* ******************************************************************************* * * Copyright (C) 1999-2015, International Business Machines * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. * ******************************************************************************* * file name: utf8.h * encoding: UTF-8 * tab size: 8 (not used) * indentation:4 * * created on: 1999sep13 * created by: Markus W. Scherer */ /** * \file * \brief C API: 8-bit Unicode handling macros * * This file defines macros to deal with 8-bit Unicode (UTF-8) code units (bytes) and strings. * * For more information see utf.h and the ICU User Guide Strings chapter * (https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/strings). * * <em>Usage:</em> * ICU coding guidelines for if() statements should be followed when using these macros. * Compound statements (curly braces {}) must be used for if-else-while... * bodies and all macro statements should be terminated with semicolon. */ #ifndef __UTF8_H__ #define __UTF8_H__ #include <stdbool.h> #include "unicode/umachine.h" #ifndef __UTF_H__ # include "unicode/utf.h" #endif /* internal definitions ----------------------------------------------------- */ /** * Counts the trail bytes for a UTF-8 lead byte. * Returns 0 for 0..0xc1 as well as for 0xf5..0xff. * leadByte might be evaluated multiple times. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable. * * @param leadByte The first byte of a UTF-8 sequence. Must be 0..0xff. * @internal */ #define U8_COUNT_TRAIL_BYTES(leadByte) … /** * Counts the trail bytes for a UTF-8 lead byte of a valid UTF-8 sequence. * Returns 0 for 0..0xc1. Undefined for 0xf5..0xff. * leadByte might be evaluated multiple times. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable. * * @param leadByte The first byte of a UTF-8 sequence. Must be 0..0xff. * @internal */ #define U8_COUNT_TRAIL_BYTES_UNSAFE(leadByte) … /** * Mask a UTF-8 lead byte, leave only the lower bits that form part of the code point value. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable. * @internal */ #define U8_MASK_LEAD_BYTE(leadByte, countTrailBytes) … /** * Internal bit vector for 3-byte UTF-8 validity check, for use in U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1. * Each bit indicates whether one lead byte + first trail byte pair starts a valid sequence. * Lead byte E0..EF bits 3..0 are used as byte index, * first trail byte bits 7..5 are used as bit index into that byte. * @see U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1 * @internal */ #define U8_LEAD3_T1_BITS … /** * Internal 3-byte UTF-8 validity check. * Non-zero if lead byte E0..EF and first trail byte 00..FF start a valid sequence. * @internal */ #define U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1(lead, t1) … /** * Internal bit vector for 4-byte UTF-8 validity check, for use in U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1. * Each bit indicates whether one lead byte + first trail byte pair starts a valid sequence. * First trail byte bits 7..4 are used as byte index, * lead byte F0..F4 bits 2..0 are used as bit index into that byte. * @see U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1 * @internal */ #define U8_LEAD4_T1_BITS … /** * Internal 4-byte UTF-8 validity check. * Non-zero if lead byte F0..F4 and first trail byte 00..FF start a valid sequence. * @internal */ #define U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(lead, t1) … /** * Function for handling "next code point" with error-checking. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile). * @internal */ U_CAPI UChar32 U_EXPORT2 utf8_nextCharSafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t *pi, int32_t length, UChar32 c, UBool strict); /** * Function for handling "append code point" with error-checking. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile). * @internal */ U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 utf8_appendCharSafeBody(uint8_t *s, int32_t i, int32_t length, UChar32 c, UBool *pIsError); /** * Function for handling "previous code point" with error-checking. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile). * @internal */ U_CAPI UChar32 U_EXPORT2 utf8_prevCharSafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t start, int32_t *pi, UChar32 c, UBool strict); /** * Function for handling "skip backward one code point" with error-checking. * * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients; * however it is called by public macros in this * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile). * @internal */ U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 utf8_back1SafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t start, int32_t i); /* single-code point definitions -------------------------------------------- */ /** * Does this code unit (byte) encode a code point by itself (US-ASCII 0..0x7f)? * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte) * @return true or false * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_IS_SINGLE(c) … /** * Is this code unit (byte) a UTF-8 lead byte? (0xC2..0xF4) * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte) * @return true or false * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_IS_LEAD(c) … // 0x32=0xf4-0xc2 /** * Is this code unit (byte) a UTF-8 trail byte? (0x80..0xBF) * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte) * @return true or false * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_IS_TRAIL(c) … /** * How many code units (bytes) are used for the UTF-8 encoding * of this Unicode code point? * @param c 32-bit code point * @return 1..4, or 0 if c is a surrogate or not a Unicode code point * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_LENGTH(c) … /** * The maximum number of UTF-8 code units (bytes) per Unicode code point (U+0000..U+10ffff). * @return 4 * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_MAX_LENGTH … /** * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset, * without changing the offset. * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes * for the code point. * The result is undefined if the offset points to an illegal UTF-8 * byte sequence. * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @param c output UChar32 variable * @see U8_GET * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_GET_UNSAFE(s, i, c) … /** * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset, * without changing the offset. * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes * for the code point. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * If the offset points to an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence, then * c is set to a negative value. * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error * @see U8_GET_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_GET(s, start, i, length, c) … /** * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset, * without changing the offset. * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes * for the code point. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * If the offset points to an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence, then * c is set to U+FFFD. * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT_OR_FFFD. * * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence. * Use U8_GET() if that distinction is important. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error * @see U8_GET * @stable ICU 51 */ #define U8_GET_OR_FFFD(s, start, i, length, c) … /* definitions with forward iteration --------------------------------------- */ /** * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset, * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary. * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.) * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence, * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence. * The result is undefined if the offset points to a trail byte * or an illegal UTF-8 sequence. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @param c output UChar32 variable * @see U8_NEXT * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_NEXT_UNSAFE(s, i, c) … /** * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset, * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary. * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence, * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence. * If the offset points to a trail byte or an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then * c is set to a negative value. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error * @see U8_NEXT_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_NEXT(s, i, length, c) … /** * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset, * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary. * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence, * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence. * If the offset points to a trail byte or an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then * c is set to U+FFFD. * * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence. * Use U8_NEXT() if that distinction is important. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error * @see U8_NEXT * @stable ICU 51 */ #define U8_NEXT_OR_FFFD(s, i, length, c) … /** @internal */ #define U8_INTERNAL_NEXT_OR_SUB(s, i, length, c, sub) … /** * Append a code point to a string, overwriting 1 to 4 bytes. * The offset points to the current end of the string contents * and is advanced (post-increment). * "Unsafe" macro, assumes a valid code point and sufficient space in the string. * Otherwise, the result is undefined. * * @param s const uint8_t * string buffer * @param i string offset * @param c code point to append * @see U8_APPEND * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_APPEND_UNSAFE(s, i, c) … /** * Append a code point to a string, overwriting 1 to 4 bytes. * The offset points to the current end of the string contents * and is advanced (post-increment). * "Safe" macro, checks for a valid code point. * If a non-ASCII code point is written, checks for sufficient space in the string. * If the code point is not valid or trail bytes do not fit, * then isError is set to true. * * @param s const uint8_t * string buffer * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<capacity * @param capacity int32_t size of the string buffer * @param c UChar32 code point to append * @param isError output UBool set to true if an error occurs, otherwise not modified * @see U8_APPEND_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_APPEND(s, i, capacity, c, isError) … /** * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the next. * (Post-incrementing iteration.) * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @see U8_FWD_1 * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(s, i) … /** * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the next. * (Post-incrementing iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @see U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_FWD_1(s, i, length) … /** * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th next one, * i.e., move forward by n code points. * (Post-incrementing iteration.) * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @param n number of code points to skip * @see U8_FWD_N * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_FWD_N_UNSAFE(s, i, n) … /** * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th next one, * i.e., move forward by n code points. * (Post-incrementing iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length * @param length int32_t string length * @param n number of code points to skip * @see U8_FWD_N_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_FWD_N(s, i, length, n) … /** * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary * at the start of a code point. * If the offset points to a UTF-8 trail byte, * then the offset is moved backward to the corresponding lead byte. * Otherwise, it is not modified. * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @see U8_SET_CP_START * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_SET_CP_START_UNSAFE(s, i) … /** * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary * at the start of a code point. * If the offset points to a UTF-8 trail byte, * then the offset is moved backward to the corresponding lead byte. * Otherwise, it is not modified. * * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * Unlike U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE(), this macro always reads s[i]. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i * @see U8_SET_CP_START_UNSAFE * @see U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_SET_CP_START(s, start, i) … /** * If the string ends with a UTF-8 byte sequence that is valid so far * but incomplete, then reduce the length of the string to end before * the lead byte of that incomplete sequence. * For example, if the string ends with E1 80, the length is reduced by 2. * * In all other cases (the string ends with a complete sequence, or it is not * possible for any further trail byte to extend the trailing sequence) * the length remains unchanged. * * Useful for processing text split across multiple buffers * (save the incomplete sequence for later) * and for optimizing iteration * (check for string length only once per character). * * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * Unlike U8_SET_CP_START(), this macro never reads s[length]. * * (In UTF-16, simply check for U16_IS_LEAD(last code unit).) * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param length int32_t string length (usually start<=length) * @see U8_SET_CP_START * @stable ICU 61 */ #define U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE(s, start, length) … /* definitions with backward iteration -------------------------------------- */ /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one * and get the code point between them. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read * the whole sequence. * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself * will be returned as the code point. * The result is undefined if the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @param c output UChar32 variable * @see U8_PREV * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_PREV_UNSAFE(s, i, c) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one * and get the code point between them. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read * the whole sequence. * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself * will be returned as the code point. * If the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then c is set to a negative value. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error * @see U8_PREV_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_PREV(s, start, i, c) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one * and get the code point between them. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read * the whole sequence. * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself * will be returned as the code point. * If the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then c is set to U+FFFD. * * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence. * Use U8_PREV() if that distinction is important. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error * @see U8_PREV * @stable ICU 51 */ #define U8_PREV_OR_FFFD(s, start, i, c) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @see U8_BACK_1 * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE(s, i) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i * @see U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_BACK_1(s, start, i) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th one before it, * i.e., move backward by n code points. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @param n number of code points to skip * @see U8_BACK_N * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_BACK_N_UNSAFE(s, i, n) … /** * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th one before it, * i.e., move backward by n code points. * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.) * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t index of the start of the string * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i * @param n number of code points to skip * @see U8_BACK_N_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_BACK_N(s, start, i, n) … /** * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary after a code point. * If the offset is behind a partial multi-byte sequence, * then the offset is incremented to behind the whole sequence. * Otherwise, it is not modified. * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param i string offset * @see U8_SET_CP_LIMIT * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_SET_CP_LIMIT_UNSAFE(s, i) … /** * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary after a code point. * If the offset is behind a partial multi-byte sequence, * then the offset is incremented to behind the whole sequence. * Otherwise, it is not modified. * The input offset may be the same as the string length. * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries. * * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string. * * @param s const uint8_t * string * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0) * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<=length * @param length int32_t string length * @see U8_SET_CP_LIMIT_UNSAFE * @stable ICU 2.4 */ #define U8_SET_CP_LIMIT(s, start, i, length) … #endif
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