// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
//! Printing facilities.
//!
//! C header: [`include/linux/printk.h`](srctree/include/linux/printk.h)
//!
//! Reference: <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html>
use core::{
ffi::{c_char, c_void},
fmt,
};
use crate::str::RawFormatter;
// Called from `vsprintf` with format specifier `%pA`.
#[no_mangle]
unsafe extern "C" fn rust_fmt_argument(
buf: *mut c_char,
end: *mut c_char,
ptr: *const c_void,
) -> *mut c_char {
use fmt::Write;
// SAFETY: The C contract guarantees that `buf` is valid if it's less than `end`.
let mut w = unsafe { RawFormatter::from_ptrs(buf.cast(), end.cast()) };
let _ = w.write_fmt(unsafe { *(ptr as *const fmt::Arguments<'_>) });
w.pos().cast()
}
/// Format strings.
///
/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from public macros.
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod format_strings {
/// The length we copy from the `KERN_*` kernel prefixes.
const LENGTH_PREFIX: usize = 2;
/// The length of the fixed format strings.
pub const LENGTH: usize = 10;
/// Generates a fixed format string for the kernel's [`_printk`].
///
/// The format string is always the same for a given level, i.e. for a
/// given `prefix`, which are the kernel's `KERN_*` constants.
///
/// [`_printk`]: srctree/include/linux/printk.h
const fn generate(is_cont: bool, prefix: &[u8; 3]) -> [u8; LENGTH] {
// Ensure the `KERN_*` macros are what we expect.
assert!(prefix[0] == b'\x01');
if is_cont {
assert!(prefix[1] == b'c');
} else {
assert!(prefix[1] >= b'0' && prefix[1] <= b'7');
}
assert!(prefix[2] == b'\x00');
let suffix: &[u8; LENGTH - LENGTH_PREFIX] = if is_cont {
b"%pA\0\0\0\0\0"
} else {
b"%s: %pA\0"
};
[
prefix[0], prefix[1], suffix[0], suffix[1], suffix[2], suffix[3], suffix[4], suffix[5],
suffix[6], suffix[7],
]
}
// Generate the format strings at compile-time.
//
// This avoids the compiler generating the contents on the fly in the stack.
//
// Furthermore, `static` instead of `const` is used to share the strings
// for all the kernel.
pub static EMERG: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_EMERG);
pub static ALERT: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_ALERT);
pub static CRIT: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_CRIT);
pub static ERR: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_ERR);
pub static WARNING: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_WARNING);
pub static NOTICE: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_NOTICE);
pub static INFO: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_INFO);
pub static DEBUG: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(false, bindings::KERN_DEBUG);
pub static CONT: [u8; LENGTH] = generate(true, bindings::KERN_CONT);
}
/// Prints a message via the kernel's [`_printk`].
///
/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from public macros.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// The format string must be one of the ones in [`format_strings`], and
/// the module name must be null-terminated.
///
/// [`_printk`]: srctree/include/linux/_printk.h
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg_attr(not(CONFIG_PRINTK), allow(unused_variables))]
pub unsafe fn call_printk(
format_string: &[u8; format_strings::LENGTH],
module_name: &[u8],
args: fmt::Arguments<'_>,
) {
// `_printk` does not seem to fail in any path.
#[cfg(CONFIG_PRINTK)]
unsafe {
bindings::_printk(
format_string.as_ptr() as _,
module_name.as_ptr(),
&args as *const _ as *const c_void,
);
}
}
/// Prints a message via the kernel's [`_printk`] for the `CONT` level.
///
/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from public macros.
///
/// [`_printk`]: srctree/include/linux/printk.h
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg_attr(not(CONFIG_PRINTK), allow(unused_variables))]
pub fn call_printk_cont(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) {
// `_printk` does not seem to fail in any path.
//
// SAFETY: The format string is fixed.
#[cfg(CONFIG_PRINTK)]
unsafe {
bindings::_printk(
format_strings::CONT.as_ptr() as _,
&args as *const _ as *const c_void,
);
}
}
/// Performs formatting and forwards the string to [`call_printk`].
///
/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from public macros.
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg(not(testlib))]
#[macro_export]
#[allow(clippy::crate_in_macro_def)]
macro_rules! print_macro (
// The non-continuation cases (most of them, e.g. `INFO`).
($format_string:path, false, $($arg:tt)+) => (
// To remain sound, `arg`s must be expanded outside the `unsafe` block.
// Typically one would use a `let` binding for that; however, `format_args!`
// takes borrows on the arguments, but does not extend the scope of temporaries.
// Therefore, a `match` expression is used to keep them around, since
// the scrutinee is kept until the end of the `match`.
match format_args!($($arg)+) {
// SAFETY: This hidden macro should only be called by the documented
// printing macros which ensure the format string is one of the fixed
// ones. All `__LOG_PREFIX`s are null-terminated as they are generated
// by the `module!` proc macro or fixed values defined in a kernel
// crate.
args => unsafe {
$crate::print::call_printk(
&$format_string,
crate::__LOG_PREFIX,
args,
);
}
}
);
// The `CONT` case.
($format_string:path, true, $($arg:tt)+) => (
$crate::print::call_printk_cont(
format_args!($($arg)+),
);
);
);
/// Stub for doctests
#[cfg(testlib)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! print_macro (
($format_string:path, $e:expr, $($arg:tt)+) => (
()
);
);
// We could use a macro to generate these macros. However, doing so ends
// up being a bit ugly: it requires the dollar token trick to escape `$` as
// well as playing with the `doc` attribute. Furthermore, they cannot be easily
// imported in the prelude due to [1]. So, for the moment, we just write them
// manually, like in the C side; while keeping most of the logic in another
// macro, i.e. [`print_macro`].
//
// [1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/52234
/// Prints an emergency-level message (level 0).
///
/// Use this level if the system is unusable.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_emerg`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_emerg`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_emerg
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_emerg!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_emerg (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::EMERG, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints an alert-level message (level 1).
///
/// Use this level if action must be taken immediately.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_alert`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_alert`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_alert
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_alert!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_alert (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::ALERT, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints a critical-level message (level 2).
///
/// Use this level for critical conditions.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_crit`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_crit`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_crit
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_crit!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_crit (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::CRIT, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints an error-level message (level 3).
///
/// Use this level for error conditions.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_err`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_err`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_err
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_err!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_err (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::ERR, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints a warning-level message (level 4).
///
/// Use this level for warning conditions.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_warn`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_warn`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_warn
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_warn!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_warn (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::WARNING, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints a notice-level message (level 5).
///
/// Use this level for normal but significant conditions.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_notice`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_notice`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_notice
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_notice!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_notice (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::NOTICE, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints an info-level message (level 6).
///
/// Use this level for informational messages.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_info`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_info`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_info
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_info!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
#[doc(alias = "print")]
macro_rules! pr_info (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::INFO, false, $($arg)*)
)
);
/// Prints a debug-level message (level 7).
///
/// Use this level for debug messages.
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_debug`] macro, except that it doesn't support dynamic debug
/// yet.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_debug`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_debug
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// pr_debug!("hello {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
#[doc(alias = "print")]
macro_rules! pr_debug (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::DEBUG, false, $($arg)*)
}
)
);
/// Continues a previous log message in the same line.
///
/// Use only when continuing a previous `pr_*!` macro (e.g. [`pr_info!`]).
///
/// Equivalent to the kernel's [`pr_cont`] macro.
///
/// Mimics the interface of [`std::print!`]. See [`core::fmt`] and
/// `alloc::format!` for information about the formatting syntax.
///
/// [`pr_info!`]: crate::pr_info!
/// [`pr_cont`]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/printk-basics.html#c.pr_cont
/// [`std::print!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use kernel::pr_cont;
/// pr_info!("hello");
/// pr_cont!(" {}\n", "there");
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! pr_cont (
($($arg:tt)*) => (
$crate::print_macro!($crate::print::format_strings::CONT, true, $($arg)*)
)
);
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