/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H
#define _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/bits.h>
#include <linux/dev_printk.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
/*
* Meta information about each stored message.
*
* All fields are set by the printk code except for @seq, which is
* set by the ringbuffer code.
*/
struct printk_info {
u64 seq; /* sequence number */
u64 ts_nsec; /* timestamp in nanoseconds */
u16 text_len; /* length of text message */
u8 facility; /* syslog facility */
u8 flags:5; /* internal record flags */
u8 level:3; /* syslog level */
u32 caller_id; /* thread id or processor id */
struct dev_printk_info dev_info;
};
/*
* A structure providing the buffers, used by writers and readers.
*
* Writers:
* Using prb_rec_init_wr(), a writer sets @text_buf_size before calling
* prb_reserve(). On success, prb_reserve() sets @info and @text_buf to
* buffers reserved for that writer.
*
* Readers:
* Using prb_rec_init_rd(), a reader sets all fields before calling
* prb_read_valid(). Note that the reader provides the @info and @text_buf,
* buffers. On success, the struct pointed to by @info will be filled and
* the char array pointed to by @text_buf will be filled with text data.
*/
struct printk_record {
struct printk_info *info;
char *text_buf;
unsigned int text_buf_size;
};
/* Specifies the logical position and span of a data block. */
struct prb_data_blk_lpos {
unsigned long begin;
unsigned long next;
};
/*
* A descriptor: the complete meta-data for a record.
*
* @state_var: A bitwise combination of descriptor ID and descriptor state.
*/
struct prb_desc {
atomic_long_t state_var;
struct prb_data_blk_lpos text_blk_lpos;
};
/* A ringbuffer of "ID + data" elements. */
struct prb_data_ring {
unsigned int size_bits;
char *data;
atomic_long_t head_lpos;
atomic_long_t tail_lpos;
};
/* A ringbuffer of "struct prb_desc" elements. */
struct prb_desc_ring {
unsigned int count_bits;
struct prb_desc *descs;
struct printk_info *infos;
atomic_long_t head_id;
atomic_long_t tail_id;
atomic_long_t last_finalized_seq;
};
/*
* The high level structure representing the printk ringbuffer.
*
* @fail: Count of failed prb_reserve() calls where not even a data-less
* record was created.
*/
struct printk_ringbuffer {
struct prb_desc_ring desc_ring;
struct prb_data_ring text_data_ring;
atomic_long_t fail;
};
/*
* Used by writers as a reserve/commit handle.
*
* @rb: Ringbuffer where the entry is reserved.
* @irqflags: Saved irq flags to restore on entry commit.
* @id: ID of the reserved descriptor.
* @text_space: Total occupied buffer space in the text data ring, including
* ID, alignment padding, and wrapping data blocks.
*
* This structure is an opaque handle for writers. Its contents are only
* to be used by the ringbuffer implementation.
*/
struct prb_reserved_entry {
struct printk_ringbuffer *rb;
unsigned long irqflags;
unsigned long id;
unsigned int text_space;
};
/* The possible responses of a descriptor state-query. */
enum desc_state {
desc_miss = -1, /* ID mismatch (pseudo state) */
desc_reserved = 0x0, /* reserved, in use by writer */
desc_committed = 0x1, /* committed by writer, could get reopened */
desc_finalized = 0x2, /* committed, no further modification allowed */
desc_reusable = 0x3, /* free, not yet used by any writer */
};
#define _DATA_SIZE(sz_bits) (1UL << (sz_bits))
#define _DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) (1U << (ct_bits))
#define DESC_SV_BITS BITS_PER_LONG
#define DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT (DESC_SV_BITS - 2)
#define DESC_FLAGS_MASK (3UL << DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT)
#define DESC_STATE(sv) (3UL & (sv >> DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT))
#define DESC_SV(id, state) (((unsigned long)state << DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT) | id)
#define DESC_ID_MASK (~DESC_FLAGS_MASK)
#define DESC_ID(sv) ((sv) & DESC_ID_MASK)
/*
* Special data block logical position values (for fields of
* @prb_desc.text_blk_lpos).
*
* - Bit0 is used to identify if the record has no data block. (Implemented in
* the LPOS_DATALESS() macro.)
*
* - Bit1 specifies the reason for not having a data block.
*
* These special values could never be real lpos values because of the
* meta data and alignment padding of data blocks. (See to_blk_size() for
* details.)
*/
#define FAILED_LPOS 0x1
#define EMPTY_LINE_LPOS 0x3
#define FAILED_BLK_LPOS \
{ \
.begin = FAILED_LPOS, \
.next = FAILED_LPOS, \
}
/*
* Descriptor Bootstrap
*
* The descriptor array is minimally initialized to allow immediate usage
* by readers and writers. The requirements that the descriptor array
* initialization must satisfy:
*
* Req1
* The tail must point to an existing (committed or reusable) descriptor.
* This is required by the implementation of prb_first_seq().
*
* Req2
* Readers must see that the ringbuffer is initially empty.
*
* Req3
* The first record reserved by a writer is assigned sequence number 0.
*
* To satisfy Req1, the tail initially points to a descriptor that is
* minimally initialized (having no data block, i.e. data-less with the
* data block's lpos @begin and @next values set to FAILED_LPOS).
*
* To satisfy Req2, the initial tail descriptor is initialized to the
* reusable state. Readers recognize reusable descriptors as existing
* records, but skip over them.
*
* To satisfy Req3, the last descriptor in the array is used as the initial
* head (and tail) descriptor. This allows the first record reserved by a
* writer (head + 1) to be the first descriptor in the array. (Only the first
* descriptor in the array could have a valid sequence number of 0.)
*
* The first time a descriptor is reserved, it is assigned a sequence number
* with the value of the array index. A "first time reserved" descriptor can
* be recognized because it has a sequence number of 0 but does not have an
* index of 0. (Only the first descriptor in the array could have a valid
* sequence number of 0.) After the first reservation, all future reservations
* (recycling) simply involve incrementing the sequence number by the array
* count.
*
* Hack #1
* Only the first descriptor in the array is allowed to have the sequence
* number 0. In this case it is not possible to recognize if it is being
* reserved the first time (set to index value) or has been reserved
* previously (increment by the array count). This is handled by _always_
* incrementing the sequence number by the array count when reserving the
* first descriptor in the array. In order to satisfy Req3, the sequence
* number of the first descriptor in the array is initialized to minus
* the array count. Then, upon the first reservation, it is incremented
* to 0, thus satisfying Req3.
*
* Hack #2
* prb_first_seq() can be called at any time by readers to retrieve the
* sequence number of the tail descriptor. However, due to Req2 and Req3,
* initially there are no records to report the sequence number of
* (sequence numbers are u64 and there is nothing less than 0). To handle
* this, the sequence number of the initial tail descriptor is initialized
* to 0. Technically this is incorrect, because there is no record with
* sequence number 0 (yet) and the tail descriptor is not the first
* descriptor in the array. But it allows prb_read_valid() to correctly
* report the existence of a record for _any_ given sequence number at all
* times. Bootstrapping is complete when the tail is pushed the first
* time, thus finally pointing to the first descriptor reserved by a
* writer, which has the assigned sequence number 0.
*/
/*
* Initiating Logical Value Overflows
*
* Both logical position (lpos) and ID values can be mapped to array indexes
* but may experience overflows during the lifetime of the system. To ensure
* that printk_ringbuffer can handle the overflows for these types, initial
* values are chosen that map to the correct initial array indexes, but will
* result in overflows soon.
*
* BLK0_LPOS
* The initial @head_lpos and @tail_lpos for data rings. It is at index
* 0 and the lpos value is such that it will overflow on the first wrap.
*
* DESC0_ID
* The initial @head_id and @tail_id for the desc ring. It is at the last
* index of the descriptor array (see Req3 above) and the ID value is such
* that it will overflow on the second wrap.
*/
#define BLK0_LPOS(sz_bits) (-(_DATA_SIZE(sz_bits)))
#define DESC0_ID(ct_bits) DESC_ID(-(_DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) + 1))
#define DESC0_SV(ct_bits) DESC_SV(DESC0_ID(ct_bits), desc_reusable)
/*
* Define a ringbuffer with an external text data buffer. The same as
* DEFINE_PRINTKRB() but requires specifying an external buffer for the
* text data.
*
* Note: The specified external buffer must be of the size:
* 2 ^ (descbits + avgtextbits)
*/
#define _DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits, text_buf) \
static struct prb_desc _##name##_descs[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits)] = { \
/* the initial head and tail */ \
[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits) - 1] = { \
/* reusable */ \
.state_var = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_SV(descbits)), \
/* no associated data block */ \
.text_blk_lpos = FAILED_BLK_LPOS, \
}, \
}; \
static struct printk_info _##name##_infos[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits)] = { \
/* this will be the first record reserved by a writer */ \
[0] = { \
/* will be incremented to 0 on the first reservation */ \
.seq = -(u64)_DESCS_COUNT(descbits), \
}, \
/* the initial head and tail */ \
[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits) - 1] = { \
/* reports the first seq value during the bootstrap phase */ \
.seq = 0, \
}, \
}; \
static struct printk_ringbuffer name = { \
.desc_ring = { \
.count_bits = descbits, \
.descs = &_##name##_descs[0], \
.infos = &_##name##_infos[0], \
.head_id = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_ID(descbits)), \
.tail_id = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_ID(descbits)), \
.last_finalized_seq = ATOMIC_INIT(0), \
}, \
.text_data_ring = { \
.size_bits = (avgtextbits) + (descbits), \
.data = text_buf, \
.head_lpos = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(BLK0_LPOS((avgtextbits) + (descbits))), \
.tail_lpos = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(BLK0_LPOS((avgtextbits) + (descbits))), \
}, \
.fail = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0), \
}
/**
* DEFINE_PRINTKRB() - Define a ringbuffer.
*
* @name: The name of the ringbuffer variable.
* @descbits: The number of descriptors as a power-of-2 value.
* @avgtextbits: The average text data size per record as a power-of-2 value.
*
* This is a macro for defining a ringbuffer and all internal structures
* such that it is ready for immediate use. See _DEFINE_PRINTKRB() for a
* variant where the text data buffer can be specified externally.
*/
#define DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits) \
static char _##name##_text[1U << ((avgtextbits) + (descbits))] \
__aligned(__alignof__(unsigned long)); \
_DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits, &_##name##_text[0])
/* Writer Interface */
/**
* prb_rec_init_wr() - Initialize a buffer for writing records.
*
* @r: The record to initialize.
* @text_buf_size: The needed text buffer size.
*/
static inline void prb_rec_init_wr(struct printk_record *r,
unsigned int text_buf_size)
{
r->info = NULL;
r->text_buf = NULL;
r->text_buf_size = text_buf_size;
}
bool prb_reserve(struct prb_reserved_entry *e, struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
struct printk_record *r);
bool prb_reserve_in_last(struct prb_reserved_entry *e, struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
struct printk_record *r, u32 caller_id, unsigned int max_size);
void prb_commit(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
void prb_final_commit(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
void prb_init(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
char *text_buf, unsigned int text_buf_size,
struct prb_desc *descs, unsigned int descs_count_bits,
struct printk_info *infos);
unsigned int prb_record_text_space(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
/* Reader Interface */
/**
* prb_rec_init_rd() - Initialize a buffer for reading records.
*
* @r: The record to initialize.
* @info: A buffer to store record meta-data.
* @text_buf: A buffer to store text data.
* @text_buf_size: The size of @text_buf.
*
* Initialize all the fields that a reader is interested in. All arguments
* (except @r) are optional. Only record data for arguments that are
* non-NULL or non-zero will be read.
*/
static inline void prb_rec_init_rd(struct printk_record *r,
struct printk_info *info,
char *text_buf, unsigned int text_buf_size)
{
r->info = info;
r->text_buf = text_buf;
r->text_buf_size = text_buf_size;
}
/**
* prb_for_each_record() - Iterate over the records of a ringbuffer.
*
* @from: The sequence number to begin with.
* @rb: The ringbuffer to iterate over.
* @s: A u64 to store the sequence number on each iteration.
* @r: A printk_record to store the record on each iteration.
*
* This is a macro for conveniently iterating over a ringbuffer.
* Note that @s may not be the sequence number of the record on each
* iteration. For the sequence number, @r->info->seq should be checked.
*
* Context: Any context.
*/
#define prb_for_each_record(from, rb, s, r) \
for ((s) = from; prb_read_valid(rb, s, r); (s) = (r)->info->seq + 1)
/**
* prb_for_each_info() - Iterate over the meta data of a ringbuffer.
*
* @from: The sequence number to begin with.
* @rb: The ringbuffer to iterate over.
* @s: A u64 to store the sequence number on each iteration.
* @i: A printk_info to store the record meta data on each iteration.
* @lc: An unsigned int to store the text line count of each record.
*
* This is a macro for conveniently iterating over a ringbuffer.
* Note that @s may not be the sequence number of the record on each
* iteration. For the sequence number, @r->info->seq should be checked.
*
* Context: Any context.
*/
#define prb_for_each_info(from, rb, s, i, lc) \
for ((s) = from; prb_read_valid_info(rb, s, i, lc); (s) = (i)->seq + 1)
bool prb_read_valid(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb, u64 seq,
struct printk_record *r);
bool prb_read_valid_info(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb, u64 seq,
struct printk_info *info, unsigned int *line_count);
u64 prb_first_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
u64 prb_first_valid_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
u64 prb_next_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
u64 prb_next_reserve_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
#define __u64seq_to_ulseq(u64seq) (u64seq)
#define __ulseq_to_u64seq(rb, ulseq) (ulseq)
#define ULSEQ_MAX(rb) (-1)
#else /* CONFIG_64BIT */
#define __u64seq_to_ulseq(u64seq) ((u32)u64seq)
#define ULSEQ_MAX(rb) __u64seq_to_ulseq(prb_first_seq(rb) + 0x80000000UL)
static inline u64 __ulseq_to_u64seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb, u32 ulseq)
{
u64 rb_first_seq = prb_first_seq(rb);
u64 seq;
/*
* The provided sequence is only the lower 32 bits of the ringbuffer
* sequence. It needs to be expanded to 64bit. Get the first sequence
* number from the ringbuffer and fold it.
*
* Having a 32bit representation in the console is sufficient.
* If a console ever gets more than 2^31 records behind
* the ringbuffer then this is the least of the problems.
*
* Also the access to the ring buffer is always safe.
*/
seq = rb_first_seq - (s32)((u32)rb_first_seq - ulseq);
return seq;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
#endif /* _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H */
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