// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
* RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
*
* Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
*
* Author: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>
*/
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/kvm_para.h>
#include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.
/* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA (5 * HZ)
#else
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA 0
#endif
#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV 8
#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN (2 * HZ)
int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
{
int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
int till_stall_check;
// Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
// Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
// CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
// The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
// tick has to be guaranteed.
till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);
if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
/* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
#endif
return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);
/* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
{
int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);
/*
* Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
* for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
*/
if (till_stall_check < 3) {
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
till_stall_check = 3;
} else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
till_stall_check = 300;
}
return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);
/**
* rcu_gp_might_be_stalled - Is it likely that the grace period is stalled?
*
* Returns @true if the current grace period is sufficiently old that
* it is reasonable to assume that it might be stalled. This can be
* useful when deciding whether to allocate memory to enable RCU-mediated
* freeing on the one hand or just invoking synchronize_rcu() on the other.
* The latter is preferable when the grace period is stalled.
*
* Note that sampling of the .gp_start and .gp_seq fields must be done
* carefully to avoid false positives at the beginnings and ends of
* grace periods.
*/
bool rcu_gp_might_be_stalled(void)
{
unsigned long d = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() / RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV;
unsigned long j = jiffies;
if (d < RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN)
d = RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN;
smp_mb(); // jiffies before .gp_seq to avoid false positives.
if (!rcu_gp_in_progress())
return false;
// Long delays at this point avoids false positive, but a delay
// of ULONG_MAX/4 jiffies voids your no-false-positive warranty.
smp_mb(); // .gp_seq before second .gp_start
// And ditto here.
return !time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start) + d);
}
/* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
{
if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
}
void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
{
if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
}
/* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
{
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
return NOTIFY_DONE;
}
static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
.notifier_call = rcu_panic,
};
static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
{
atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
return 0;
}
early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
/* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
{
static int cpu_stall;
if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
return;
if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
panic("RCU Stall\n");
}
/**
* rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
*
* To perform the reset request from the caller, disable stall detection until
* 3 fqs loops have passed. This is required to ensure a fresh jiffies is
* loaded. It should be safe to do from the fqs loop as enough timer
* interrupts and context switches should have passed.
*
* The caller must disable hard irqs.
*/
void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
{
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 3);
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, ULONG_MAX);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Interaction with RCU grace periods
/* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
{
unsigned long j = jiffies;
unsigned long j1;
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 0);
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
}
/* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
}
/*
* If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
* so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
*/
static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
{
unsigned long j;
if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
return;
j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
(rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
rcu_state.name);
rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
}
}
/*
* Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
* stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling. Set state
* appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
*/
static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
{
struct rcu_data *rdp;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
rnp = rdp->mynode;
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
}
raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Printing RCU CPU stall warnings
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
/*
* Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
* grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
*/
static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct task_struct *t;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
return;
}
t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
/*
* We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
* Avoid triggering hard lockup.
*/
touch_nmi_watchdog();
sched_show_task(t);
}
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
}
// Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
int nesting;
union rcu_special rs;
bool on_blkd_list;
};
/*
* Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
* current RCU grace period.
*/
static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
{
struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;
if (task_curr(t))
return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
return 0;
}
/*
* Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
* sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
*/
static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
__releases(rnp->lock)
{
int i = 0;
int ndetected = 0;
struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
struct task_struct *t;
struct task_struct *ts[8];
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
return 0;
}
pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
get_task_struct(t);
ts[i++] = t;
if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
break;
}
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
while (i) {
t = ts[--i];
if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
else
pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
t->pid, rscr.nesting,
".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
put_task_struct(t);
ndetected++;
}
pr_cont("\n");
return ndetected;
}
#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
/*
* Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
* tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
*/
static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
}
/*
* Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
* tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
*/
static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
__releases(rnp->lock)
{
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
return 0;
}
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
/*
* Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs. First try using
* NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
* that don't support NMI-based stack dumps. The NMI-triggered stack
* traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
*/
static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(void)
{
int cpu;
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
printk_deferred_enter();
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
else
dump_cpu_task(cpu);
}
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
printk_deferred_exit();
}
}
static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
[RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
[RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
[RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
[RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
[RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
[RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
[RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
[RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
[RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
};
/*
* Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
*/
static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
{
if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
return "???";
return gp_state_names[gs];
}
/* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
{
unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);
if (jp)
*jp = j;
return j > 2 * HZ;
}
static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
{
int cpu;
struct task_struct *rcuc;
unsigned long j;
rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
if (!rcuc)
return false;
cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
return false;
j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);
if (jp)
*jp = j;
return j > 2 * HZ;
}
static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
{
struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);
if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
return;
rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
return;
rsr.cputime_irq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
rsr.cputime_system = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);
pr_err("\t hardirqs softirqs csw/system\n");
pr_err("\t number: %8ld %10d %12lld\n",
kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld ==> %d(ms)\n",
div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
}
/*
* Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
*
* If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
* print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
* during the time that it has been aware. Otherwise, print the number
* of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
* if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
*
* Also print out idle info.
*/
static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
{
unsigned long delta;
bool falsepositive;
struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
char *ticks_title;
unsigned long ticks_value;
bool rcuc_starved;
unsigned long j;
char buf[32];
/*
* We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock. Avoid
* triggering hard lockup.
*/
touch_nmi_watchdog();
ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
if (ticks_value) {
ticks_title = "GPs behind";
} else {
ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
}
delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
rcu_watching_snap_in_eqs(ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu));
rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
if (rcuc_starved)
// Print signed value, as negative values indicate a probable bug.
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
cpu,
"O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
"o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
"N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
"!."[!delta],
ticks_value, ticks_title,
ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu) & 0xffff,
ct_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");
print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
}
/* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread. */
static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
{
int cpu;
struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
unsigned long j;
if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
rcu_state.name, j,
(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
if (gpk) {
struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
sched_show_task(gpk);
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
} else if (!(data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->mynode->qsmask)) & rdp->grpmask)) {
pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
dump_cpu_task(cpu);
}
wake_up_process(gpk);
}
}
}
/* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
{
struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
short gp_state;
unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
int cpu;
/*
* Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
* Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
*/
gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);
if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)), // Diagnostic read
gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
}
}
static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
{
int cpu;
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long gpa;
unsigned long j;
int ndetected = 0;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
long totqlen = 0;
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
return;
nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
/*
* OK, time to rat on our buddy...
* See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
* RCU CPU stall warnings.
*/
trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
ndetected++;
}
}
ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
if (ndetected) {
rcu_dump_cpu_stacks();
/* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
} else {
if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
} else {
j = jiffies;
gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
}
}
/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
panic_on_rcu_stall();
rcu_force_quiescent_state(); /* Kick them all. */
}
static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gps)
{
int cpu;
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
long totqlen = 0;
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
return;
nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
/*
* OK, time to rat on ourselves...
* See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
* RCU CPU stall warnings.
*/
trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
jiffies - gps,
(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
rcu_dump_cpu_stacks();
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
panic_on_rcu_stall();
/*
* Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
*
* A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
* progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
* switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
*/
set_tsk_need_resched(current);
set_preempt_need_resched();
}
static bool csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall;
module_param(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall, bool, 0644);
static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
bool self_detected;
unsigned long gs1;
unsigned long gs2;
unsigned long gps;
unsigned long j;
unsigned long jn;
unsigned long js;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
!rcu_gp_in_progress())
return;
rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
/*
* Check if it was requested (via rcu_cpu_stall_reset()) that the FQS
* loop has to set jiffies to ensure a non-stale jiffies value. This
* is required to have good jiffies value after coming out of long
* breaks of jiffies updates. Not doing so can cause false positives.
*/
if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall) > 0)
return;
j = jiffies;
/*
* Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
*
* The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
* rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
* another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq. These values are updated in
* the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
* grace-period initialization and cleanup. Now, a false positive
* can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
* value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall. But given the memory barriers,
* the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
* and another starts between these two fetches. This is detected
* by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
* previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
*
* Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
* and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
*/
gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
if (gs1 != gs2 ||
ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js))
return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
rnp = rdp->mynode;
jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
self_detected = READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask;
if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
(self_detected || ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY)) &&
cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
/*
* If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
* the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
* stopped the vm.
*/
if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
return;
rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM, (void *)j - gps);
if (READ_ONCE(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall) && csd_lock_is_stuck()) {
pr_err("INFO: %s detected stall, but suppressed full report due to a stuck CSD-lock.\n", rcu_state.name);
} else if (self_detected) {
/* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
print_cpu_stall(gps);
} else {
/* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
}
if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
}
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including for callback invocation.
/*
* Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
* a CPU not passing through a quiescent state. When this happens, there
* is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
* count this as an RCU priority boosting failure. A return of true says
* RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise. If false
* is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
* If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
* in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1. This can happen in case
* of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
* for example.
*
* If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
* for high-rate usage. On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
* rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
*/
bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
{
bool atb = false;
int cpu;
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
if (!cpup) {
if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
return false;
} else {
if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
atb = true;
continue;
}
}
*cpup = -1;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
if (rnp->gp_tasks)
atb = true;
if (!rnp->qsmask) {
// No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
continue;
}
// Find the first holdout CPU.
for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
*cpup = cpu;
return false;
}
}
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
}
// Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
return atb;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);
/*
* Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
*/
void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
{
unsigned long cbs = 0;
int cpu;
unsigned long j;
unsigned long ja;
unsigned long jr;
unsigned long js;
unsigned long jw;
struct rcu_data *rdp;
struct rcu_node *rnp;
struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
j = jiffies;
ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
continue;
pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
continue;
for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
continue;
pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
}
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
if (rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
}
pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);
/*
* This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
* RCU to come out of its idle mode.
*/
static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
const unsigned long gpssdelay)
{
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long j;
struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
!smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
return;
j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
atomic_read(&warned))
return;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
j = jiffies;
if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
atomic_read(&warned)) {
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
return;
}
/* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */
if (rnp_root != rnp)
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
j = jiffies;
if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
if (rnp_root != rnp)
/* irqs remain disabled. */
raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
return;
}
WARN_ON(1);
if (rnp_root != rnp)
raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
}
/*
* Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture. This is normally invoked
* due to an OOM event. The argument "j" gives the time period during
* which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
*/
void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
{
unsigned long cbs;
int cpu;
unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
int max_cpu = -1;
struct rcu_data *rdp;
if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
} else {
pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
preempt_disable();
rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
preempt_enable();
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
if (!cbs)
continue;
if (max_cpu < 0)
pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
if (cbs <= max_cbs)
continue;
max_cbs = cbs;
max_cpu = cpu;
}
if (max_cpu >= 0)
pr_cont("\n");
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);
/* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
static bool sysrq_rcu;
module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);
/* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
{
show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
}
static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
.handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
.help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
.action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
.enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
};
static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
{
if (sysrq_rcu)
return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
return 0;
}
early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// RCU CPU stall-warning notifiers
static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list);
/**
* rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register - Add an RCU CPU stall notifier
* @n: Entry to add.
*
* Adds an RCU CPU stall notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
* The @action passed to a notifier will be @RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM or
* friends. The @data will be the duration of the stalled grace period,
* in jiffies, coerced to a void* pointer.
*
* Returns 0 on success, %-EEXIST on error.
*/
int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
{
int rcsn = rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers;
WARN(1, "Adding %pS() to RCU stall notifier list (%s).\n", n->notifier_call,
rcsn ? "possibly suppressing RCU CPU stall warnings" : "failed, so all is well");
if (rcsn)
return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
return -EEXIST;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register);
/**
* rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister - Remove an RCU CPU stall notifier
* @n: Entry to add.
*
* Removes an RCU CPU stall notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
*
* Returns zero on success, %-ENOENT on failure.
*/
int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
{
return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister);
/*
* rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an RCU CPU stall notifier chain
* @val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
* @v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
*
* Calls each function in the RCU CPU stall notifier chain in turn, which
* is an atomic call chain. See atomic_notifier_call_chain() for more
* information.
*
* This is for use within RCU, hence the omission of the extra asterisk
* to indicate a non-kerneldoc format header comment.
*/
int rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val, void *v)
{
return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, val, v);
}
#endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
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