/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
* include/linux/buffer_head.h
*
* Everything to do with buffer_heads.
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_BUFFER_HEAD_H
#define _LINUX_BUFFER_HEAD_H
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/blk_types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
enum bh_state_bits {
BH_Uptodate, /* Contains valid data */
BH_Dirty, /* Is dirty */
BH_Lock, /* Is locked */
BH_Req, /* Has been submitted for I/O */
BH_Mapped, /* Has a disk mapping */
BH_New, /* Disk mapping was newly created by get_block */
BH_Async_Read, /* Is under end_buffer_async_read I/O */
BH_Async_Write, /* Is under end_buffer_async_write I/O */
BH_Delay, /* Buffer is not yet allocated on disk */
BH_Boundary, /* Block is followed by a discontiguity */
BH_Write_EIO, /* I/O error on write */
BH_Unwritten, /* Buffer is allocated on disk but not written */
BH_Quiet, /* Buffer Error Prinks to be quiet */
BH_Meta, /* Buffer contains metadata */
BH_Prio, /* Buffer should be submitted with REQ_PRIO */
BH_Defer_Completion, /* Defer AIO completion to workqueue */
BH_PrivateStart,/* not a state bit, but the first bit available
* for private allocation by other entities
*/
};
#define MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE / 512)
struct page;
struct buffer_head;
struct address_space;
typedef void (bh_end_io_t)(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
/*
* Historically, a buffer_head was used to map a single block
* within a page, and of course as the unit of I/O through the
* filesystem and block layers. Nowadays the basic I/O unit
* is the bio, and buffer_heads are used for extracting block
* mappings (via a get_block_t call), for tracking state within
* a folio (via a folio_mapping) and for wrapping bio submission
* for backward compatibility reasons (e.g. submit_bh).
*/
struct buffer_head {
unsigned long b_state; /* buffer state bitmap (see above) */
struct buffer_head *b_this_page;/* circular list of page's buffers */
union {
struct page *b_page; /* the page this bh is mapped to */
struct folio *b_folio; /* the folio this bh is mapped to */
};
sector_t b_blocknr; /* start block number */
size_t b_size; /* size of mapping */
char *b_data; /* pointer to data within the page */
struct block_device *b_bdev;
bh_end_io_t *b_end_io; /* I/O completion */
void *b_private; /* reserved for b_end_io */
struct list_head b_assoc_buffers; /* associated with another mapping */
struct address_space *b_assoc_map; /* mapping this buffer is
associated with */
atomic_t b_count; /* users using this buffer_head */
spinlock_t b_uptodate_lock; /* Used by the first bh in a page, to
* serialise IO completion of other
* buffers in the page */
};
/*
* macro tricks to expand the set_buffer_foo(), clear_buffer_foo()
* and buffer_foo() functions.
* To avoid reset buffer flags that are already set, because that causes
* a costly cache line transition, check the flag first.
*/
#define BUFFER_FNS(bit, name) \
static __always_inline void set_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh) \
{ \
if (!test_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state)) \
set_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state); \
} \
static __always_inline void clear_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh) \
{ \
clear_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state); \
} \
static __always_inline int buffer_##name(const struct buffer_head *bh) \
{ \
return test_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state); \
}
/*
* test_set_buffer_foo() and test_clear_buffer_foo()
*/
#define TAS_BUFFER_FNS(bit, name) \
static __always_inline int test_set_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh) \
{ \
return test_and_set_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state); \
} \
static __always_inline int test_clear_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh) \
{ \
return test_and_clear_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state); \
} \
/*
* Emit the buffer bitops functions. Note that there are also functions
* of the form "mark_buffer_foo()". These are higher-level functions which
* do something in addition to setting a b_state bit.
*/
BUFFER_FNS(Dirty, dirty)
TAS_BUFFER_FNS(Dirty, dirty)
BUFFER_FNS(Lock, locked)
BUFFER_FNS(Req, req)
TAS_BUFFER_FNS(Req, req)
BUFFER_FNS(Mapped, mapped)
BUFFER_FNS(New, new)
BUFFER_FNS(Async_Read, async_read)
BUFFER_FNS(Async_Write, async_write)
BUFFER_FNS(Delay, delay)
BUFFER_FNS(Boundary, boundary)
BUFFER_FNS(Write_EIO, write_io_error)
BUFFER_FNS(Unwritten, unwritten)
BUFFER_FNS(Meta, meta)
BUFFER_FNS(Prio, prio)
BUFFER_FNS(Defer_Completion, defer_completion)
static __always_inline void set_buffer_uptodate(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
/*
* If somebody else already set this uptodate, they will
* have done the memory barrier, and a reader will thus
* see *some* valid buffer state.
*
* Any other serialization (with IO errors or whatever that
* might clear the bit) has to come from other state (eg BH_Lock).
*/
if (test_bit(BH_Uptodate, &bh->b_state))
return;
/*
* make it consistent with folio_mark_uptodate
* pairs with smp_load_acquire in buffer_uptodate
*/
smp_mb__before_atomic();
set_bit(BH_Uptodate, &bh->b_state);
}
static __always_inline void clear_buffer_uptodate(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
clear_bit(BH_Uptodate, &bh->b_state);
}
static __always_inline int buffer_uptodate(const struct buffer_head *bh)
{
/*
* make it consistent with folio_test_uptodate
* pairs with smp_mb__before_atomic in set_buffer_uptodate
*/
return test_bit_acquire(BH_Uptodate, &bh->b_state);
}
static inline unsigned long bh_offset(const struct buffer_head *bh)
{
return (unsigned long)(bh)->b_data & (page_size(bh->b_page) - 1);
}
/* If we *know* page->private refers to buffer_heads */
#define page_buffers(page) \
({ \
BUG_ON(!PagePrivate(page)); \
((struct buffer_head *)page_private(page)); \
})
#define page_has_buffers(page) PagePrivate(page)
#define folio_buffers(folio) folio_get_private(folio)
void buffer_check_dirty_writeback(struct folio *folio,
bool *dirty, bool *writeback);
/*
* Declarations
*/
void mark_buffer_dirty(struct buffer_head *bh);
void mark_buffer_write_io_error(struct buffer_head *bh);
void touch_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh);
void folio_set_bh(struct buffer_head *bh, struct folio *folio,
unsigned long offset);
struct buffer_head *folio_alloc_buffers(struct folio *folio, unsigned long size,
gfp_t gfp);
struct buffer_head *alloc_page_buffers(struct page *page, unsigned long size);
struct buffer_head *create_empty_buffers(struct folio *folio,
unsigned long blocksize, unsigned long b_state);
void end_buffer_read_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
void end_buffer_write_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
/* Things to do with buffers at mapping->private_list */
void mark_buffer_dirty_inode(struct buffer_head *bh, struct inode *inode);
int generic_buffers_fsync_noflush(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
bool datasync);
int generic_buffers_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
bool datasync);
void clean_bdev_aliases(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block,
sector_t len);
static inline void clean_bdev_bh_alias(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
clean_bdev_aliases(bh->b_bdev, bh->b_blocknr, 1);
}
void mark_buffer_async_write(struct buffer_head *bh);
void __wait_on_buffer(struct buffer_head *);
wait_queue_head_t *bh_waitq_head(struct buffer_head *bh);
struct buffer_head *__find_get_block(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block,
unsigned size);
struct buffer_head *bdev_getblk(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block,
unsigned size, gfp_t gfp);
void __brelse(struct buffer_head *);
void __bforget(struct buffer_head *);
void __breadahead(struct block_device *, sector_t block, unsigned int size);
struct buffer_head *__bread_gfp(struct block_device *,
sector_t block, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp);
struct buffer_head *alloc_buffer_head(gfp_t gfp_flags);
void free_buffer_head(struct buffer_head * bh);
void unlock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh);
void __lock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh);
int sync_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh);
int __sync_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags);
void write_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags);
void submit_bh(blk_opf_t, struct buffer_head *);
void write_boundary_block(struct block_device *bdev,
sector_t bblock, unsigned blocksize);
int bh_uptodate_or_lock(struct buffer_head *bh);
int __bh_read(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags, bool wait);
void __bh_read_batch(int nr, struct buffer_head *bhs[],
blk_opf_t op_flags, bool force_lock);
/*
* Generic address_space_operations implementations for buffer_head-backed
* address_spaces.
*/
void block_invalidate_folio(struct folio *folio, size_t offset, size_t length);
int block_write_full_folio(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc,
void *get_block);
int __block_write_full_folio(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio,
get_block_t *get_block, struct writeback_control *wbc);
int block_read_full_folio(struct folio *, get_block_t *);
bool block_is_partially_uptodate(struct folio *, size_t from, size_t count);
int block_write_begin(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len,
struct folio **foliop, get_block_t *get_block);
int __block_write_begin(struct folio *folio, loff_t pos, unsigned len,
get_block_t *get_block);
int block_write_end(struct file *, struct address_space *,
loff_t, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
struct folio *, void *);
int generic_write_end(struct file *, struct address_space *,
loff_t, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
struct folio *, void *);
void folio_zero_new_buffers(struct folio *folio, size_t from, size_t to);
int cont_write_begin(struct file *, struct address_space *, loff_t,
unsigned, struct folio **, void **,
get_block_t *, loff_t *);
int generic_cont_expand_simple(struct inode *inode, loff_t size);
void block_commit_write(struct page *page, unsigned int from, unsigned int to);
int block_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf,
get_block_t get_block);
sector_t generic_block_bmap(struct address_space *, sector_t, get_block_t *);
int block_truncate_page(struct address_space *, loff_t, get_block_t *);
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
extern int buffer_migrate_folio(struct address_space *,
struct folio *dst, struct folio *src, enum migrate_mode);
extern int buffer_migrate_folio_norefs(struct address_space *,
struct folio *dst, struct folio *src, enum migrate_mode);
#else
#define buffer_migrate_folio NULL
#define buffer_migrate_folio_norefs NULL
#endif
/*
* inline definitions
*/
static inline void get_bh(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
atomic_inc(&bh->b_count);
}
static inline void put_bh(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
smp_mb__before_atomic();
atomic_dec(&bh->b_count);
}
/**
* brelse - Release a buffer.
* @bh: The buffer to release.
*
* Decrement a buffer_head's reference count. If @bh is NULL, this
* function is a no-op.
*
* If all buffers on a folio have zero reference count, are clean
* and unlocked, and if the folio is unlocked and not under writeback
* then try_to_free_buffers() may strip the buffers from the folio in
* preparation for freeing it (sometimes, rarely, buffers are removed
* from a folio but it ends up not being freed, and buffers may later
* be reattached).
*
* Context: Any context.
*/
static inline void brelse(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
if (bh)
__brelse(bh);
}
/**
* bforget - Discard any dirty data in a buffer.
* @bh: The buffer to forget.
*
* Call this function instead of brelse() if the data written to a buffer
* no longer needs to be written back. It will clear the buffer's dirty
* flag so writeback of this buffer will be skipped.
*
* Context: Any context.
*/
static inline void bforget(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
if (bh)
__bforget(bh);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *
sb_bread(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
{
return __bread_gfp(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize, __GFP_MOVABLE);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *
sb_bread_unmovable(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
{
return __bread_gfp(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize, 0);
}
static inline void
sb_breadahead(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
{
__breadahead(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *getblk_unmovable(struct block_device *bdev,
sector_t block, unsigned size)
{
gfp_t gfp;
gfp = mapping_gfp_constraint(bdev->bd_mapping, ~__GFP_FS);
gfp |= __GFP_NOFAIL;
return bdev_getblk(bdev, block, size, gfp);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *__getblk(struct block_device *bdev,
sector_t block, unsigned size)
{
gfp_t gfp;
gfp = mapping_gfp_constraint(bdev->bd_mapping, ~__GFP_FS);
gfp |= __GFP_MOVABLE | __GFP_NOFAIL;
return bdev_getblk(bdev, block, size, gfp);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *sb_getblk(struct super_block *sb,
sector_t block)
{
return __getblk(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *sb_getblk_gfp(struct super_block *sb,
sector_t block, gfp_t gfp)
{
return bdev_getblk(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize, gfp);
}
static inline struct buffer_head *
sb_find_get_block(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
{
return __find_get_block(sb->s_bdev, block, sb->s_blocksize);
}
static inline void
map_bh(struct buffer_head *bh, struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
{
set_buffer_mapped(bh);
bh->b_bdev = sb->s_bdev;
bh->b_blocknr = block;
bh->b_size = sb->s_blocksize;
}
static inline void wait_on_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
might_sleep();
if (buffer_locked(bh))
__wait_on_buffer(bh);
}
static inline int trylock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
return likely(!test_and_set_bit_lock(BH_Lock, &bh->b_state));
}
static inline void lock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
might_sleep();
if (!trylock_buffer(bh))
__lock_buffer(bh);
}
static inline void bh_readahead(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags)
{
if (!buffer_uptodate(bh) && trylock_buffer(bh)) {
if (!buffer_uptodate(bh))
__bh_read(bh, op_flags, false);
else
unlock_buffer(bh);
}
}
static inline void bh_read_nowait(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags)
{
if (!bh_uptodate_or_lock(bh))
__bh_read(bh, op_flags, false);
}
/* Returns 1 if buffer uptodated, 0 on success, and -EIO on error. */
static inline int bh_read(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags)
{
if (bh_uptodate_or_lock(bh))
return 1;
return __bh_read(bh, op_flags, true);
}
static inline void bh_read_batch(int nr, struct buffer_head *bhs[])
{
__bh_read_batch(nr, bhs, 0, true);
}
static inline void bh_readahead_batch(int nr, struct buffer_head *bhs[],
blk_opf_t op_flags)
{
__bh_read_batch(nr, bhs, op_flags, false);
}
/**
* __bread() - Read a block.
* @bdev: The block device to read from.
* @block: Block number in units of block size.
* @size: The block size of this device in bytes.
*
* Read a specified block, and return the buffer head that refers
* to it. The memory is allocated from the movable area so that it can
* be migrated. The returned buffer head has its refcount increased.
* The caller should call brelse() when it has finished with the buffer.
*
* Context: May sleep waiting for I/O.
* Return: NULL if the block was unreadable.
*/
static inline struct buffer_head *__bread(struct block_device *bdev,
sector_t block, unsigned size)
{
return __bread_gfp(bdev, block, size, __GFP_MOVABLE);
}
/**
* get_nth_bh - Get a reference on the n'th buffer after this one.
* @bh: The buffer to start counting from.
* @count: How many buffers to skip.
*
* This is primarily useful for finding the nth buffer in a folio; in
* that case you pass the head buffer and the byte offset in the folio
* divided by the block size. It can be used for other purposes, but
* it will wrap at the end of the folio rather than returning NULL or
* proceeding to the next folio for you.
*
* Return: The requested buffer with an elevated refcount.
*/
static inline __must_check
struct buffer_head *get_nth_bh(struct buffer_head *bh, unsigned int count)
{
while (count--)
bh = bh->b_this_page;
get_bh(bh);
return bh;
}
bool block_dirty_folio(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *folio);
#ifdef CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD
void buffer_init(void);
bool try_to_free_buffers(struct folio *folio);
int inode_has_buffers(struct inode *inode);
void invalidate_inode_buffers(struct inode *inode);
int remove_inode_buffers(struct inode *inode);
int sync_mapping_buffers(struct address_space *mapping);
void invalidate_bh_lrus(void);
void invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu(void);
bool has_bh_in_lru(int cpu, void *dummy);
extern int buffer_heads_over_limit;
#else /* CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD */
static inline void buffer_init(void) {}
static inline bool try_to_free_buffers(struct folio *folio) { return true; }
static inline int inode_has_buffers(struct inode *inode) { return 0; }
static inline void invalidate_inode_buffers(struct inode *inode) {}
static inline int remove_inode_buffers(struct inode *inode) { return 1; }
static inline int sync_mapping_buffers(struct address_space *mapping) { return 0; }
static inline void invalidate_bh_lrus(void) {}
static inline void invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu(void) {}
static inline bool has_bh_in_lru(int cpu, void *dummy) { return false; }
#define buffer_heads_over_limit 0
#endif /* CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD */
#endif /* _LINUX_BUFFER_HEAD_H */
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