# GPU Pixel Testing With Gold
This page describes various extra details of the Skia Gold service
that the GPU pixel tests use. For information on running the tests locally, see
[this section][local pixel testing]. For common information on triaging,
modification, or general pixel wrangling, see [GPU Pixel Wrangling] or these
sections ([1][pixel debugging], [2][pixel updating]) of the general GPU testing
documentation.
[local pixel testing]: gpu_testing.md#Running-the-pixel-tests-locally
[GPU Pixel Wrangling]: http://go/gpu-pixel-wrangler
[pixel debugging]: gpu_testing.md#Debugging-Pixel-Test-Failures-on-the-GPU-Bots
[pixel updating]: gpu_testing.md#Updating-and-Adding-New-Pixel-Tests-to-the-GPU-Bots
[TOC]
## Skia Gold
[Gold][gold documentation] is an image diff service developed by the Skia team.
It was originally developed solely for Skia's usage and only supported
post-submit tests, but has been picked up by other projects such as Chromium and
PDFium and now supports trybots. Unlike other image diff solutions in Chromium,
comparisons are done in an external service instead of locally on the testing
machine.
[gold documentation]: https://skia.org/dev/testing/skiagold
### Why Gold
Gold has three main advantages over the traditional local image comparison
historically used by Chromium:
1. Triage time can be much lower. Because triaging is handled by an external
service, new golden images don't need to go through the CQ and wait for
waterfall bots to pick up the CL. Once an image is triaged in Gold, it
becomes immediately available for future test runs.
2. Gold supports multiple approved images per test. It is not uncommon for
tests to produce images that are visually indistinguishable, but differ in
a handful of pixels by a small RGB value. Fuzzy image diffing can solve this
problem, but introduces its own set of issues such as possibly causing a test
to erroneously pass. Since most tests that exhibit this behavior only actually
produce 2 or 3 possible valid images, being able to say that any of those
images are acceptable is simpler and less error-prone.
3. Better image storage. Traditionally, images had to either be included
directly in the repository or uploaded to a Google Storage bucket and pulled in
using the image's hash. The former allowed users to easily see which images were
currently approved, but storing large sized or numerous binary files in git is
generally discouraged due to the way git's history works. The latter worked
around the git issues, but made it much more difficult to actually see what was
being used since the only thing the user had to go on was a hash. Gold moves the
images out of the repository, but provides a GUI interface for easily seeing
which images are currently approved for a particular test.
### How It Works
Gold consists of two main parts: the Gold instance/service and the `goldctl`
binary. A Gold instance in turn consists of two parts: a Google Storage bucket
that data is uploaded to and a server running on GCE that ingests the data and
provides a way to triage diffs. `goldctl` simply provides a standardized way
of interacting with Gold - uploading data to the correct place, retrieving
baselines/golden information, etc.
In general, the following order of events occurs when running a Gold-enabled
test:
1. The test produces an image and passes it to `goldctl`, along with some
information about the hardware and software configuration that the image was
produced on, the test name, etc.
2. `goldctl` checks whether the hash of the produced image is in the list of
approved hashes.
1. If it is, `goldctl` exits with a non-failing return code and nothing else
happens. At this point, the test is finished.
2. If it is not, `goldctl` uploads the image and metadata to the storage
bucket and exits with a failing return code.
3. The server sees the new data in the bucket and ingests it, showing a new
untriaged image in the GUI.
4. A user approves the new image in the GUI, and the server adds the image's
hash to the baselines. See the [Waterfall Bots](#Waterfall-Bots) and
[Trybots](#Trybots) sections for specifics on this.
5. The next time the test is run, the new image is in the baselines, and
assuming the test produces the same image again, the test passes.
While this is the general order of events, there are several differences between
waterfall/CI bots and trybots.
#### Waterfall Bots
Waterfall bots are the simpler of the two bot types. There is only a single
set of baselines to worry about, which is whatever baselines were approved for
a git revision. Additionally, any new images that are produced on waterfalls are
all lumped into the same group of "untriaged images on master", and any images
that are approved from here will immediately be added to the set of baselines
for master.
Since not all waterfall bots have a trybot counterpart that can be relied upon
to catch newly produced images before a CL is committed, it is likely that a
change that produces new goldens on the CQ will end up making some of the
waterfall bots red for a bit, particularly those on chromium.gpu.fyi. They will
remain red until the new images are triaged as positive or the tests stop
producing the untriaged images. So, it is best to keep an eye out for a few
hours after your CL is committed for any new images from the waterfall bots that
need triaging.
#### Trybots
Trybots are a little more complicated when it comes to retrieving and approving
images. First, the set of baselines that are provided when requested by a test
is the union of the master baselines for the current revision and any baselines
that are unique to the CL. For example, if an image with the hash `abcd` is in
the master baselines for `FooTest` and the CL being tested has also approved
an image with the hash `abef` for `FooTest`, then the provided baselines will
contain both `abcd` and `abef` for `FooTest`.
When an image associated with a CL is approved, the approval only applies to
that CL until the CL is merged. Once this happens, any baselines produced by the
CL are automatically merged into the master baselines for whatever git revision
the CL was merged as. In the above example, if the CL was merged as commit
`ffff`, then both `abcd` and `abef` would be approved images on master from
`ffff` onward.
## Triaging Less Common Failures
### Triaging Images Without A Specific Build
You can see all currently untriaged images that are currently being produced on
ToT on the [GPU Gold instance's main page][gpu gold instance] and currently
untriaged images for a CL by substituting the Gerrit CL number into
`https://chrome-gold.skia.org/search?issue=[CL Number]&unt=true&master=true`.
[gpu gold instance]: https://chrome-gold.skia.org
It's possible, particularly if a test is regularly producing multiple images,
for an image to be untriaged but not show up on the front page of the Gold
instance (for details, see [this crbug comment][untriaged non tot comment]). To
see all such images, visit [this link][untriaged non tot].
[untriaged non tot comment]: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/skia/issues/detail?id=9189#c4
[untriaged non tot]: https://chrome-gold.skia.org/search?fdiffmax=-1&fref=false&frgbamax=255&frgbamin=0&head=false&include=false&limit=50&master=false&match=name&metric=combined&neg=false&offset=0&pos=false&query=source_type%3Dchrome-gpu&sort=desc&unt=true
### Finding A Failed Build
If for some reason you know that a test run produced a bad image, but do not
have a direct link to the failed build (e.g. you found a bad image using the
untriaged non-ToT link from above), you may want to find the failed Swarming
task to help debug the issue. Gold currently provides a list of CLs that were
under test when a particular image was produced, but does not provide a link to
the build that produced it, so the following workaround can be used.
Assuming the failure is relatively recent (within the past month or so), you
can use the test history view to help find the failed run. To do so, search for
the test name at `https://ci.chromium.org/ui/search?t=TESTS` and look through
the history for the failed build (represented in red). Click on the group of
builds and follow the link for the failing build, from which you can get to the
Swarming task like normal by scrolling to the failed step and clicking on the
link for the failed shard number.
### Triaging A Specific Image
If for some reason an image is not showing up in Gold but you know the hash, you
can manually navigate to the page for it by filling in the correct information
to `https://chrome-gold.skia.org/detail?test=[test_name]&digest=[hash]`.
From there, you should be able to triage it as normal.
If this happens, please also file a bug in [Skia's bug tracker][skia crbug] so
that the root cause can be investigated and fixed. It's likely that you will
be unable to directly edit the owner, CC list, etc. directly, in which case
ping kjlubick@ with a link to the filed bug to help speed up triaging. Include
as much detail as possible, such as a links to the failed swarming task and
the triage link for the problematic image.
[skia crbug]: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/skia
## Inexact Matching
By default, Gold uses exact matching with support for multiple baselines per
test. This works well for most of the GPU tests, but there are a handful of
tests such as `Pixel_CSS3DBlueBox` that are prone to noise which causes them to
need additional triaging at times.
For cases like this, using inexact matching can help, as it allows a comparison
to pass if there are only minor differences between the produced image and a
known-good image. Images that pass in this way will be automatically approved
in Gold, so there is still a record of exactly what was produced.
To enable this functionality, simply add a `matching_algorithm` field to the
`PixelTestPage` definition for the test (see other uses of this in the file for
concrete examples).
In order to determine which values to use, you can use the script located at
`//content/test/gpu/gold_inexact_matching/determine_gold_inexact_parameters.py`.
More complete documentation can be found in the `--help` output of the script,
but in general:
* Use the `binary_search` optimization algorithm if you only want to vary
a single parameter, e.g. you only want to use a Sobel filter.
* Use the `local_minima` optimization algorithm if you want to vary multiple
parameters, such as using fuzzy diffing + a Sobel filter together.
* The default boundaries and weights generally work and give good results, but
you may need to tune them to better suit your particular test, e.g.
increasing the maximum number of differing pixels if your image is large.
## Working On Gold
### Modifying Gold And goldctl
Although uncommon, changes to the Gold service and `goldctl` binary may be
needed. To do so, simply get a checkout of the
[Skia infrastructure repo][skia infra repo] and go through the same steps as
a Chromium CL (`git cl upload`, etc.).
[skia infra repo]: https://skia.googlesource.com/buildbot/
The Gold service code is located in the `//golden/` directory, while `goldctl`
is located in `//gold-client/`. Once your change is merged, you will have to
either contact [email protected] to roll the service version or follow the
steps in [Rolling goldctl](#Rolling-goldctl) to roll the `goldctl` version used
by Chromium.
### Rolling goldctl
`goldctl` is available as a CIPD package and is DEPSed in as part of `gclient
sync` To update the binary used in Chromium, perform the following steps:
1. (One-time only) get an [infra checkout][infra repo]
1. Run `infra $ eval ``./go/env.py`` ` to ensure that the environment in the
terminal is correct
1. Run `infra $ cd go/src/infra`
1. Run `infra/go/src/infra $ go get go.skia.org/infra`
1. Run `infra/go/src/infra $ go mod tidy`
1. Upload the changelist ([sample CL][sample roll cl])
1. Once the CL is merged, the goldctl autoroller should automatically detect it
and create Chromium CLs to roll the DEPS version.
[infra repo]: https://chromium.googlesource.com/infra/infra/
[sample roll cl]: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/infra/infra/+/4218809
If you want to make sure that `goldctl` builds after the update before
committing (e.g. to ensure that no extra third party dependencies were added),
run the following after the `go mod tidy` step:
1. `infra/go/src/infra $ rm -f "$GOBIN/goldctl"` to avoid accidentally checking
a stale binary at the end
1. `infra/go/src/infra $ go install -v go.skia.org/infra/gold-client/cmd/goldctl`
1. `infra/go/src/infra $ "$GOBIN/goldctl` to ensure that the binary runs
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