// Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. #ifndef SkTraceEventCommon_DEFINED #define SkTraceEventCommon_DEFINED #include "include/core/SkTypes.h" #include "include/utils/SkTraceEventPhase.h" // Trace events are for tracking application performance and resource usage. // Macros are provided to track: // Duration of scoped regions // Instantaneous events // Counters // // The first two arguments to all TRACE macros are the category and name. Both are strings, and // must have application lifetime (statics or literals). The same applies to arg_names, and string // argument values. However, you can force a copy of a string argument value with TRACE_STR_COPY: // TRACE_EVENT1("category", "name", "arg1", "literal string is only referenced"); // TRACE_EVENT1("category", "name", "arg1", TRACE_STR_COPY("string will be copied")); // // // Categories are used to group events, and // can be enabled or disabled by the tracing framework. The trace system will automatically add the // process id, thread id, and microsecond timestamp to all events. // // // The TRACE_EVENT[0-2] macros trace the duration of entire scopes: // void doSomethingCostly() { // TRACE_EVENT0("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "doSomethingCostly"); // ... // } // // Additional parameters can be associated with an event: // void doSomethingCostly2(int howMuch) { // TRACE_EVENT1("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "doSomethingCostly", "howMuch", howMuch); // ... // } // // // Trace event also supports counters, which is a way to track a quantity as it varies over time. // Counters are created with the following macro: // TRACE_COUNTER1("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "myCounter", g_myCounterValue); // // Counters are process-specific. The macro itself can be issued from any thread, however. // // Sometimes, you want to track two counters at once. You can do this with two counter macros: // TRACE_COUNTER1("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "myCounter0", g_myCounterValue[0]); // TRACE_COUNTER1("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "myCounter1", g_myCounterValue[1]); // Or you can do it with a combined macro: // TRACE_COUNTER2("MY_SUBSYSTEM", "myCounter", // "bytesPinned", g_myCounterValue[0], // "bytesAllocated", g_myCounterValue[1]); // The tracing UI will show these counters in a single graph, as a summed area chart. #if defined(TRACE_EVENT0) #error "Another copy of this file has already been included." #endif // --- Temporary Perfetto migration shim preamble --- // Tracing in the Android framework, and tracing with Perfetto, are both in a partially migrated // state (but fully functional). // // See go/skia-perfetto // // For Android framework: // --- // 1. If SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO is not defined, then all tracing macros map to no-ops. // This is only relevant to host-mode builds, where ATrace isn't supported anyway, and tracing with // Perfetto seems unnecessary. Note that SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil is still defined (assuming // SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK is defined) to support HWUI referencing it in host-mode builds. // // 2. If SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO *is* defined, then the tracing backend can be switched // between ATrace and Perfetto at runtime. This is currently *only* supported in Android framework. // SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setEnableTracing(bool) will still control broad tracing overall, but // SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setUsePerfettoTrackEvents(bool) will now determine whether that // tracing is done with ATrace (default/false) or Perfetto (true). // // Note: if setUsePerfettoTrackEvents(true) is called, then Perfetto will remain initialized until // the process ends. This means some minimal state overhead will remain even after subseqently // switching the process back to ATrace, but individual trace events will be correctly routed to // whichever system is active in the moment. However, trace events which have begun but have not yet // ended when a switch occurs will likely be corrupted. Thus, it's best to minimize the frequency of // switching backend tracing systems at runtime. // // For Perfetto outside of Android framework (e.g. tools): // --- // SK_USE_PERFETTO (mutually exclusive with SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO) can be used to unlock // SkPerfettoTrace, which can be used for in-process tracing via the standard Skia tracing flow of // SkEventTracer::SetInstance(...). This is enabled in tools with the `--trace perfetto` argument. // See https://skia.org/docs/dev/tools/tracing/#tracing-with-perfetto for more on SK_USE_PERFETTO. #ifdef SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO // PERFETTO_TRACK_EVENT_NAMESPACE must be defined before including Perfetto. This allows Skia to // maintain separate "track event" category storage, etc. from codebases linked into the same // executable, and avoid symbol duplication errors. // // NOTE: A side-effect of this is we must use skia::TrackEvent instead of perfetto::TrackEvent. #define PERFETTO_TRACK_EVENT_NAMESPACE … #include <perfetto/tracing.h> #include <cutils/trace.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <string_view> // WARNING: this list must be kept up to date with every category we use for tracing! // // When adding a new category it's likely best to add both "new_category" and "new_category.always", // though not strictly required. "new_category.always" is used internally when "new_category" is // given to TRACE_EVENTx_ALWAYS macros, which are used for core events that should always show up in // traces for the Android framework. Adding both to begin with will likely reduce churn if/when // "new_category" is used across both normal tracing macros and _ALWAYS variants in the future, but // it's not a strict requirement. // // See stages section of go/skia-perfetto for timeline of when this should improve. // // TODO(b/262718654): make this compilation failure happen sooner than the Skia -> Android roll. // // Currently kept entirely separate from SkPerfettoTrace for simplicity, which uses dynamic // categories and doesn't need these static category definitions. PERFETTO_DEFINE_CATEGORIES( perfetto::Category("GM"), perfetto::Category("skia"), perfetto::Category("skia.android"), perfetto::Category("skia.gpu"), perfetto::Category("skia.gpu.cache"), perfetto::Category("skia.objects"), perfetto::Category("skia.shaders"), perfetto::Category("skottie"), perfetto::Category("test"), perfetto::Category("test_cpu"), perfetto::Category("test_ganesh"), perfetto::Category("test_graphite"), // ".always" variants are currently required for any category used in TRACE_EVENTx_ALWAYS. perfetto::Category("GM.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.android.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.gpu.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.gpu.cache.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.objects.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skia.shaders.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("skottie.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("test.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("test_cpu.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("test_ganesh.always").SetTags("skia.always"), perfetto::Category("test_graphite.always").SetTags("skia.always"), ); #endif // SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO #ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK #ifdef SK_DISABLE_TRACING #error SK_DISABLE_TRACING and SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK are mutually exclusive. #endif // SK_DISABLE_TRACING [&& SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK] #define SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_ATRACE_BUFFER_SIZE … class SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil { public: SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil() = delete; // Controls whether broad tracing is enabled. Warning: not thread-safe! // // Some key trace events may still be recorded when this is disabled, if a relevant tracing // session is active. // // ATrace is used by default, but can be replaced with Perfetto by calling // setUsePerfettoTrackEvents(true) static void setEnableTracing(bool enableAndroidTracing) { gEnableAndroidTracing = enableAndroidTracing; } // Controls whether tracing uses Perfetto instead of ATrace. Warning: not thread-safe! // // Returns true if Skia was built with Perfetto, false otherwise. static bool setUsePerfettoTrackEvents(bool usePerfettoTrackEvents) { #ifdef SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO // Ensure Perfetto is initialized if it wasn't already the preferred tracing backend. if (!gUsePerfettoTrackEvents && usePerfettoTrackEvents) { initPerfetto(); } gUsePerfettoTrackEvents = usePerfettoTrackEvents; return true; #else // !SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO // Note: please reach out to [email protected] if you encounter this unexpectedly. SkDebugf("Tracing Skia with Perfetto is not supported in this environment (host build?)"); return false; #endif // SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO } static bool getEnableTracing() { return gEnableAndroidTracing; } static bool getUsePerfettoTrackEvents() { return gUsePerfettoTrackEvents; } private: static bool gEnableAndroidTracing; static bool gUsePerfettoTrackEvents; #ifdef SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO // Initializes tracing systems, and establishes a connection to the 'traced' daemon. // // Can be called multiple times. static void initPerfetto() { ::perfetto::TracingInitArgs perfettoArgs; perfettoArgs.backends |= perfetto::kSystemBackend; ::perfetto::Tracing::Initialize(perfettoArgs); ::skia::TrackEvent::Register(); } #endif // SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO }; #endif // SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK #ifdef SK_DEBUG static void skprintf_like_noop(const char format[], ...) SK_PRINTF_LIKE(1, 2); static inline void skprintf_like_noop(const char format[], ...) { … } template <typename... Args> static inline void sk_noop(Args...) { … } #define TRACE_EMPTY(...) … #define TRACE_EMPTY_FMT(fmt, ...) … #else #define TRACE_EMPTY … #define TRACE_EMPTY_FMT … #endif #if defined(SK_DISABLE_TRACING) || \ (defined(SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK) && !defined(SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO)) #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK … #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT0 … #define TRACE_EVENT1 … #define TRACE_EVENT2 … #define TRACE_EVENT0_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT1_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT2_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT0 … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1 … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT2 … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_CREATED_WITH_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_SNAPSHOT_WITH_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_DELETED_WITH_ID … #define TRACE_COUNTER1 … #define TRACE_COUNTER2 … #elif defined(SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO) namespace skia_private { // ATrace can't accept ::perfetto::DynamicString or ::perfetto::StaticString, so any trace event // names that were wrapped in TRACE_STR_COPY or TRACE_STR_STATIC need to be unboxed back to // char* before being passed to ATrace. inline const char* UnboxPerfettoString(const ::perfetto::DynamicString& str) { return str.value; } inline const char* UnboxPerfettoString(const ::perfetto::StaticString& str) { return str.value; } inline const char* UnboxPerfettoString(const char* str) { return str; } // WrapTraceArgInStdString serves a similar purpose to UnboxPerfettoString, but also accepts // numeric values that are often used as trace arguments. This necessitates always wrapping the // argument in a new std::string, instead of just passing along/unboxing an existing C-style // string. This comes at a slight cost, and should only be used for trace slice arguments but // not slice names, where UnboxPerfettoString should be used instead. template<typename T> inline std::string WrapTraceArgInStdString(const T numeric) { return std::to_string(numeric); } inline std::string WrapTraceArgInStdString(const ::perfetto::DynamicString& str) { return std::string(str.value); } inline std::string WrapTraceArgInStdString(const ::perfetto::StaticString& str) { return std::string(str.value); } inline std::string WrapTraceArgInStdString(const char* str) { return std::string(str); } constexpr bool StrEndsWithAndLongerThan(const char* str, const char* suffix) { auto strView = std::basic_string_view(str); auto suffixView = std::basic_string_view(suffix); // string_view::ends_with isn't available until C++20 return strView.size() > suffixView.size() && strView.compare(strView.size() - suffixView.size(), std::string_view::npos, suffixView) == 0; } } // Generate a unique variable name with a given prefix. // The indirection in this multi-level macro lets __LINE__ expand at the right time/place to get // prefix123 instead of prefix__LINE__. #define SK_PERFETTO_INTERNAL_CONCAT2 … #define SK_PERFETTO_INTERNAL_CONCAT … #define SK_PERFETTO_UID … // Used by SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_BEGIN and SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_END to select which overloaded // macro to use depending on how many __VA_ARGS__ are present. The number of __VA_ARGS__ piped in // from this macro caller's parent caller determines which macro name given by the caller ends up in // the macro_name slot here. See usage for nuance. #define SK_INTERNAL_GET_ATRACE_ARGS_MACRO … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_BEGIN_DANGEROUS_0 … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_BEGIN_DANGEROUS_1 … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_BEGIN_DANGEROUS_2 … // Will map to either the 0, 1, or 2 argument variant of this macro, which will trigger an // ATRACE_BEGIN event for the slice name, and one for each argument <name, value> pair. The caller // must ensure each of these 1-3 slices are properly terminated with 1-3 matching ATRACE_END events. // // Note: ATRACE_ENABLED() is checked here to allow the actual implmenting macros to avoid redundant // checks within each of their calls to the standard ATRACE_BEGIN() macro, as checking // ATRACE_ENABLED() can be non-trivial. But more importantly, if tracing isn't enabled then we // should avoid the string formatting work required for how we hack "arguments" into separate ATrace // slices. #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_BEGIN … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_END_DANGEROUS_2 … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_END_DANGEROUS_1 … // WARNING: must always be guarded by an outer call to CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED()) #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_END_DANGEROUS_0 … // Will map to either the 0, 1, or 2 argument variant of this macro, which will trigger an // ATRACE_END event for the slice name, and one for each argument <name, value> pair. The caller // must ensure each of these 1-3 slices already existed from 1-3 matching ATRACE_BEGIN events. // // Note: ATRACE_ENABLED() is checked here to allow the actual implmenting macros to avoid redundant // checks within each of their calls to the standard ATRACE_END() macro, as checking // ATRACE_ENABLED() can be non-trivial. #define SK_INTERNAL_ATRACE_ARGS_END … // Assuming there is an active tracing session, this call will create a trace event if tracing is // enabled (with SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setEnableTracing(true)) or if force_always_trace is // true. The event goes through ATrace by default, but can be routed to Perfetto instead by calling // SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setUsePerfettoTrackEvents(true). // // If ATrace is used, then additional sub-events will be created for each trace event argument // <name, value> pair (up to a max of two argument pairs). If Perfetto is used, then any arguments // will be associated with a single event. In either case, trace arguments will only be evaluated if // the event will actually be recorded in the underlying tracing system (i.e. if an applicable // tracing session is active.) // // If force_always_trace = true, then the caller *must* append the ".always" suffix to the provided // category. This allows Perfetto tracing sessions to optionally filter to just the "skia.always" // category tag. This requirement is enforced at compile time. #define TRACE_EVENT_ATRACE_OR_PERFETTO_FORCEABLE … // Records an event with the current tracing backend if overall tracing is enabled, and Skia's // "broad" tracing is enabled with SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setEnableTracing(true). #define TRACE_EVENT_ATRACE_OR_PERFETTO … // Traces a formatted string if overall tracing is enabled, and Skia's "broad" tracing is enabled // with SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setEnableTracing(true). // No-op outside of Android framework builds. // WARNING: this macro expands to a multi-line statement, and must not be used in a single line // control statement! #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK … // Traces a formatted string as long as overall tracing is enabled, even if Skia's "broad" tracing // is disabled. // No-op outside of Android framework builds. // WARNING: this macro expands to a multi-line statement, and must not be used in a single line // control statement! #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_ALWAYS … // Records a pair of begin and end events called "name" (with 0-2 associated arguments) for the // current scope as long as overall tracing is enabled, and Skia's "broad" tracing is enabled with // SkAndroidFrameworkTraceUtil::setEnableTracing(true). // Note that ATrace does not natively support trace arguments, so arguments are recorded as separate // sub-events when ATrace is set as the current tracing backend. The Perfetto tracing backend // associates any arguments with a single event / slice. #define TRACE_EVENT0 … #define TRACE_EVENT1 … #define TRACE_EVENT2 … // Records a pair of begin and end events called "name" (with 0-2 associated arguments) for the // current scope as long as overall tracing is enabled, even if Skia's "broad" tracing is disabled. // Note that ATrace does not natively support trace arguments, so arguments are recorded as separate // sub-events when ATrace is set as the current tracing backend. The Perfetto tracing backend // associates any arguments with a single event / slice. // Note: the ".always" suffix is appended to category_group in _ALWAYS trace event macro variants. #define TRACE_EVENT0_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT1_ALWAYS … #define TRACE_EVENT2_ALWAYS … // Records a single event called "name" immediately, with 0, 1 or 2 associated arguments. // Note that ATrace does not support trace arguments, so they are only recorded when Perfetto is set // as the current tracing backend. #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT0 … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1 … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT2 … // Records the value of a counter called "name" immediately. Value // must be representable as a 32 bit integer. #define TRACE_COUNTER1 … // Records the values of a multi-parted counter called "name" immediately. // In Chrome, this macro produces a stacked bar chart. Perfetto doesn't support // that (related: b/242349575), so this just produces two separate counters. #define TRACE_COUNTER2 … // ATrace has no object tracking, and would require a legacy shim for Perfetto (which likely no-ops // here). Further, these don't appear to currently be used outside of tests. #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_CREATED_WITH_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_SNAPSHOT_WITH_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_DELETED_WITH_ID … // Macro to efficiently determine if a given category group is enabled. Only works with Perfetto. // This is only used for some shader text logging that isn't supported in ATrace anyway. #define TRACE_EVENT_CATEGORY_GROUP_ENABLED … #else // Route through SkEventTracer (!SK_DISABLE_TRACING && !SK_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_USE_PERFETTO) #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK(fmt, ...) … #define ATRACE_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK_ALWAYS(fmt, ...) … // Records a pair of begin and end events called "name" for the current scope, with 0, 1 or 2 // associated arguments. If the category is not enabled, then this does nothing. #define TRACE_EVENT0(category_group, name) … #define TRACE_EVENT1(category_group, name, arg1_name, arg1_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT2(category_group, name, arg1_name, arg1_val, arg2_name, arg2_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT0_ALWAYS(category_group, name) … #define TRACE_EVENT1_ALWAYS(category_group, name, arg1_name, arg1_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT2_ALWAYS(category_group, name, arg1_name, arg1_val, arg2_name, arg2_val) … // Records a single event called "name" immediately, with 0, 1 or 2 associated arguments. If the // category is not enabled, then this does nothing. #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT0(category_group, name, scope) … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1(category_group, name, scope, arg1_name, arg1_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT2(category_group, name, scope, arg1_name, arg1_val, \ arg2_name, arg2_val) … // Records the value of a counter called "name" immediately. Value // must be representable as a 32 bit integer. #define TRACE_COUNTER1(category_group, name, value) … // Records the values of a multi-parted counter called "name" immediately. // The UI will treat value1 and value2 as parts of a whole, displaying their // values as a stacked-bar chart. #define TRACE_COUNTER2(category_group, name, value1_name, value1_val, \ value2_name, value2_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_BEGIN0(category, name, id) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_BEGIN1(category, name, id, arg1_name, arg1_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_BEGIN2(category, name, id, arg1_name, arg1_val, arg2_name, arg2_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_END0(category, name, id) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_END1(category, name, id, arg1_name, arg1_val) … #define TRACE_EVENT_ASYNC_END2(category, name, id, arg1_name, arg1_val, arg2_name, arg2_val) … // Macros to track the life time and value of arbitrary client objects. #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_CREATED_WITH_ID(category_group, name, id) … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_SNAPSHOT_WITH_ID(category_group, name, id, \ snapshot) … #define TRACE_EVENT_OBJECT_DELETED_WITH_ID(category_group, name, id) … // Macro to efficiently determine if a given category group is enabled. #define TRACE_EVENT_CATEGORY_GROUP_ENABLED(category_group, ret) … #endif // Flags for changing the behavior of TRACE_EVENT_API_ADD_TRACE_EVENT. #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_NONE … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_COPY … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_HAS_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_MANGLE_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_SCOPE_OFFSET … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_SCOPE_EXTRA … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_EXPLICIT_TIMESTAMP … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_ASYNC_TTS … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_BIND_TO_ENCLOSING … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_IN … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_OUT … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_HAS_CONTEXT_ID … #define TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_SCOPE_MASK … // Type values for identifying types in the TraceValue union. #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_BOOL … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_UINT … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_INT … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_DOUBLE … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_POINTER … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_STRING … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_COPY_STRING … #define TRACE_VALUE_TYPE_CONVERTABLE … // Enum reflecting the scope of an INSTANT event. Must fit within TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_SCOPE_MASK. #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_GLOBAL … #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_PROCESS … #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_THREAD … #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_NAME_GLOBAL … #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_NAME_PROCESS … #define TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_NAME_THREAD … #endif // SkTraceEventCommon_DEFINED