chromium/third_party/blink/web_tests/fast/dom/HTMLImageElement/image-srcset-cache.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--
  This test provides coverage for the Chrome specific image download
  optimization: AvoidDownloadIfHigherDensityResourceIsInCache
  defined in: third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/parser/html_srcset_parser.cc
-->
<script src="../../../resources/js-test.js"></script>
<img
  id="testImg"
  loading="lazy"
  srcset="
    resources/blue_rect.jpg 100w,
    resources/black.png 150w,
    resources/image-set-4x.png 200w
  "
  sizes="auto"
  width="100px"
>
<script>
jsTestIsAsync = true;

function secondImageLoaded() {
  // Check that the source was changed to the higher res image.
  shouldBe('testImg.currentSrc.endsWith("image-set-4x.png")', "true");

  testImg.style.width = '150px';
  window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
    window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
      // Check that the source was not switched to a lower res one since a
      // higher res image is already loaded and in the cache.
      shouldBe('testImg.currentSrc.endsWith("image-set-4x.png")', "true");
      finishJSTest();
    });
  });
}

function firstImageLoaded() {
  // Check that the source was set to the lower res image initially.
  shouldBe('testImg.currentSrc.endsWith("blue_rect.jpg")', "true");

  testImg.addEventListener('load', secondImageLoaded);
  testImg.style.width = '200px';
}

testImg.addEventListener('load', firstImageLoaded, {once: true});
</script>