"""Built-in template filters used with the ``|`` operator."""
import math
import random
import re
import typing
import typing as t
from collections import abc
from itertools import chain
from itertools import groupby
from markupsafe import escape
from markupsafe import Markup
from markupsafe import soft_str
from .async_utils import async_variant
from .async_utils import auto_aiter
from .async_utils import auto_await
from .async_utils import auto_to_list
from .exceptions import FilterArgumentError
from .runtime import Undefined
from .utils import htmlsafe_json_dumps
from .utils import pass_context
from .utils import pass_environment
from .utils import pass_eval_context
from .utils import pformat
from .utils import url_quote
from .utils import urlize
if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
import typing_extensions as te
from .environment import Environment
from .nodes import EvalContext
from .runtime import Context
from .sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment # noqa: F401
class HasHTML(te.Protocol):
def __html__(self) -> str:
pass
F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
K = t.TypeVar("K")
V = t.TypeVar("V")
def ignore_case(value: V) -> V:
"""For use as a postprocessor for :func:`make_attrgetter`. Converts strings
to lowercase and returns other types as-is."""
if isinstance(value, str):
return t.cast(V, value.lower())
return value
def make_attrgetter(
environment: "Environment",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
postprocess: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
"""Returns a callable that looks up the given attribute from a
passed object with the rules of the environment. Dots are allowed
to access attributes of attributes. Integer parts in paths are
looked up as integers.
"""
parts = _prepare_attribute_parts(attribute)
def attrgetter(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
for part in parts:
item = environment.getitem(item, part)
if default is not None and isinstance(item, Undefined):
item = default
if postprocess is not None:
item = postprocess(item)
return item
return attrgetter
def make_multi_attrgetter(
environment: "Environment",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
postprocess: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.List[t.Any]]:
"""Returns a callable that looks up the given comma separated
attributes from a passed object with the rules of the environment.
Dots are allowed to access attributes of each attribute. Integer
parts in paths are looked up as integers.
The value returned by the returned callable is a list of extracted
attribute values.
Examples of attribute: "attr1,attr2", "attr1.inner1.0,attr2.inner2.0", etc.
"""
if isinstance(attribute, str):
split: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, int, None]] = attribute.split(",")
else:
split = [attribute]
parts = [_prepare_attribute_parts(item) for item in split]
def attrgetter(item: t.Any) -> t.List[t.Any]:
items = [None] * len(parts)
for i, attribute_part in enumerate(parts):
item_i = item
for part in attribute_part:
item_i = environment.getitem(item_i, part)
if postprocess is not None:
item_i = postprocess(item_i)
items[i] = item_i
return items
return attrgetter
def _prepare_attribute_parts(
attr: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]]
) -> t.List[t.Union[str, int]]:
if attr is None:
return []
if isinstance(attr, str):
return [int(x) if x.isdigit() else x for x in attr.split(".")]
return [attr]
def do_forceescape(value: "t.Union[str, HasHTML]") -> Markup:
"""Enforce HTML escaping. This will probably double escape variables."""
if hasattr(value, "__html__"):
value = t.cast("HasHTML", value).__html__()
return escape(str(value))
def do_urlencode(
value: t.Union[str, t.Mapping[str, t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]]]
) -> str:
"""Quote data for use in a URL path or query using UTF-8.
Basic wrapper around :func:`urllib.parse.quote` when given a
string, or :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` for a dict or iterable.
:param value: Data to quote. A string will be quoted directly. A
dict or iterable of ``(key, value)`` pairs will be joined as a
query string.
When given a string, "/" is not quoted. HTTP servers treat "/" and
"%2F" equivalently in paths. If you need quoted slashes, use the
``|replace("/", "%2F")`` filter.
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
if isinstance(value, str) or not isinstance(value, abc.Iterable):
return url_quote(value)
if isinstance(value, dict):
items: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]] = value.items()
else:
items = value # type: ignore
return "&".join(
f"{url_quote(k, for_qs=True)}={url_quote(v, for_qs=True)}" for k, v in items
)
@pass_eval_context
def do_replace(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext", s: str, old: str, new: str, count: t.Optional[int] = None
) -> str:
"""Return a copy of the value with all occurrences of a substring
replaced with a new one. The first argument is the substring
that should be replaced, the second is the replacement string.
If the optional third argument ``count`` is given, only the first
``count`` occurrences are replaced:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ "Hello World"|replace("Hello", "Goodbye") }}
-> Goodbye World
{{ "aaaaargh"|replace("a", "d'oh, ", 2) }}
-> d'oh, d'oh, aaargh
"""
if count is None:
count = -1
if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
return str(s).replace(str(old), str(new), count)
if (
hasattr(old, "__html__")
or hasattr(new, "__html__")
and not hasattr(s, "__html__")
):
s = escape(s)
else:
s = soft_str(s)
return s.replace(soft_str(old), soft_str(new), count)
def do_upper(s: str) -> str:
"""Convert a value to uppercase."""
return soft_str(s).upper()
def do_lower(s: str) -> str:
"""Convert a value to lowercase."""
return soft_str(s).lower()
def do_items(value: t.Union[t.Mapping[K, V], Undefined]) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[K, V]]:
"""Return an iterator over the ``(key, value)`` items of a mapping.
``x|items`` is the same as ``x.items()``, except if ``x`` is
undefined an empty iterator is returned.
This filter is useful if you expect the template to be rendered with
an implementation of Jinja in another programming language that does
not have a ``.items()`` method on its mapping type.
.. code-block:: html+jinja
<dl>
{% for key, value in my_dict|items %}
<dt>{{ key }}
<dd>{{ value }}
{% endfor %}
</dl>
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
if isinstance(value, Undefined):
return
if not isinstance(value, abc.Mapping):
raise TypeError("Can only get item pairs from a mapping.")
yield from value.items()
@pass_eval_context
def do_xmlattr(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext", d: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], autospace: bool = True
) -> str:
"""Create an SGML/XML attribute string based on the items in a dict.
All values that are neither `none` nor `undefined` are automatically
escaped:
.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
<ul{{ {'class': 'my_list', 'missing': none,
'id': 'list-%d'|format(variable)}|xmlattr }}>
...
</ul>
Results in something like this:
.. sourcecode:: html
<ul class="my_list" id="list-42">
...
</ul>
As you can see it automatically prepends a space in front of the item
if the filter returned something unless the second parameter is false.
"""
rv = " ".join(
f'{escape(key)}="{escape(value)}"'
for key, value in d.items()
if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Undefined)
)
if autospace and rv:
rv = " " + rv
if eval_ctx.autoescape:
rv = Markup(rv)
return rv
def do_capitalize(s: str) -> str:
"""Capitalize a value. The first character will be uppercase, all others
lowercase.
"""
return soft_str(s).capitalize()
_word_beginning_split_re = re.compile(r"([-\s({\[<]+)")
def do_title(s: str) -> str:
"""Return a titlecased version of the value. I.e. words will start with
uppercase letters, all remaining characters are lowercase.
"""
return "".join(
[
item[0].upper() + item[1:].lower()
for item in _word_beginning_split_re.split(soft_str(s))
if item
]
)
def do_dictsort(
value: t.Mapping[K, V],
case_sensitive: bool = False,
by: 'te.Literal["key", "value"]' = "key",
reverse: bool = False,
) -> t.List[t.Tuple[K, V]]:
"""Sort a dict and yield (key, value) pairs. Python dicts may not
be in the order you want to display them in, so sort them first.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{% for key, value in mydict|dictsort %}
sort the dict by key, case insensitive
{% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(reverse=true) %}
sort the dict by key, case insensitive, reverse order
{% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(true) %}
sort the dict by key, case sensitive
{% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(false, 'value') %}
sort the dict by value, case insensitive
"""
if by == "key":
pos = 0
elif by == "value":
pos = 1
else:
raise FilterArgumentError('You can only sort by either "key" or "value"')
def sort_func(item: t.Tuple[t.Any, t.Any]) -> t.Any:
value = item[pos]
if not case_sensitive:
value = ignore_case(value)
return value
return sorted(value.items(), key=sort_func, reverse=reverse)
@pass_environment
def do_sort(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
reverse: bool = False,
case_sensitive: bool = False,
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> "t.List[V]":
"""Sort an iterable using Python's :func:`sorted`.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{% for city in cities|sort %}
...
{% endfor %}
:param reverse: Sort descending instead of ascending.
:param case_sensitive: When sorting strings, sort upper and lower
case separately.
:param attribute: When sorting objects or dicts, an attribute or
key to sort by. Can use dot notation like ``"address.city"``.
Can be a list of attributes like ``"age,name"``.
The sort is stable, it does not change the relative order of
elements that compare equal. This makes it is possible to chain
sorts on different attributes and ordering.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{% for user in users|sort(attribute="name")
|sort(reverse=true, attribute="age") %}
...
{% endfor %}
As a shortcut to chaining when the direction is the same for all
attributes, pass a comma separate list of attributes.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{% for user in users|sort(attribute="age,name") %}
...
{% endfor %}
.. versionchanged:: 2.11.0
The ``attribute`` parameter can be a comma separated list of
attributes, e.g. ``"age,name"``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
The ``attribute`` parameter was added.
"""
key_func = make_multi_attrgetter(
environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
)
return sorted(value, key=key_func, reverse=reverse)
@pass_environment
def do_unique(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
case_sensitive: bool = False,
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
"""Returns a list of unique items from the given iterable.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar', 'FooBar']|unique|list }}
-> ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar']
The unique items are yielded in the same order as their first occurrence in
the iterable passed to the filter.
:param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
:param attribute: Filter objects with unique values for this attribute.
"""
getter = make_attrgetter(
environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
)
seen = set()
for item in value:
key = getter(item)
if key not in seen:
seen.add(key)
yield item
def _min_or_max(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
func: "t.Callable[..., V]",
case_sensitive: bool,
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
it = iter(value)
try:
first = next(it)
except StopIteration:
return environment.undefined("No aggregated item, sequence was empty.")
key_func = make_attrgetter(
environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
)
return func(chain([first], it), key=key_func)
@pass_environment
def do_min(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
case_sensitive: bool = False,
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
"""Return the smallest item from the sequence.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ [1, 2, 3]|min }}
-> 1
:param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
:param attribute: Get the object with the min value of this attribute.
"""
return _min_or_max(environment, value, min, case_sensitive, attribute)
@pass_environment
def do_max(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
case_sensitive: bool = False,
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
"""Return the largest item from the sequence.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ [1, 2, 3]|max }}
-> 3
:param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
:param attribute: Get the object with the max value of this attribute.
"""
return _min_or_max(environment, value, max, case_sensitive, attribute)
def do_default(
value: V,
default_value: V = "", # type: ignore
boolean: bool = False,
) -> V:
"""If the value is undefined it will return the passed default value,
otherwise the value of the variable:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ my_variable|default('my_variable is not defined') }}
This will output the value of ``my_variable`` if the variable was
defined, otherwise ``'my_variable is not defined'``. If you want
to use default with variables that evaluate to false you have to
set the second parameter to `true`:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ ''|default('the string was empty', true) }}
.. versionchanged:: 2.11
It's now possible to configure the :class:`~jinja2.Environment` with
:class:`~jinja2.ChainableUndefined` to make the `default` filter work
on nested elements and attributes that may contain undefined values
in the chain without getting an :exc:`~jinja2.UndefinedError`.
"""
if isinstance(value, Undefined) or (boolean and not value):
return default_value
return value
@pass_eval_context
def sync_do_join(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
value: t.Iterable,
d: str = "",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> str:
"""Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
sequence. The separator between elements is an empty string per
default, you can define it with the optional parameter:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ [1, 2, 3]|join('|') }}
-> 1|2|3
{{ [1, 2, 3]|join }}
-> 123
It is also possible to join certain attributes of an object:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ users|join(', ', attribute='username') }}
.. versionadded:: 2.6
The `attribute` parameter was added.
"""
if attribute is not None:
value = map(make_attrgetter(eval_ctx.environment, attribute), value)
# no automatic escaping? joining is a lot easier then
if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
return str(d).join(map(str, value))
# if the delimiter doesn't have an html representation we check
# if any of the items has. If yes we do a coercion to Markup
if not hasattr(d, "__html__"):
value = list(value)
do_escape = False
for idx, item in enumerate(value):
if hasattr(item, "__html__"):
do_escape = True
else:
value[idx] = str(item)
if do_escape:
d = escape(d)
else:
d = str(d)
return d.join(value)
# no html involved, to normal joining
return soft_str(d).join(map(soft_str, value))
@async_variant(sync_do_join) # type: ignore
async def do_join(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable, t.Iterable],
d: str = "",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> str:
return sync_do_join(eval_ctx, await auto_to_list(value), d, attribute)
def do_center(value: str, width: int = 80) -> str:
"""Centers the value in a field of a given width."""
return soft_str(value).center(width)
@pass_environment
def sync_do_first(
environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Iterable[V]"
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
"""Return the first item of a sequence."""
try:
return next(iter(seq))
except StopIteration:
return environment.undefined("No first item, sequence was empty.")
@async_variant(sync_do_first) # type: ignore
async def do_first(
environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]"
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
try:
return await auto_aiter(seq).__anext__()
except StopAsyncIteration:
return environment.undefined("No first item, sequence was empty.")
@pass_environment
def do_last(
environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Reversible[V]"
) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
"""Return the last item of a sequence.
Note: Does not work with generators. You may want to explicitly
convert it to a list:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ data | selectattr('name', '==', 'Jinja') | list | last }}
"""
try:
return next(iter(reversed(seq)))
except StopIteration:
return environment.undefined("No last item, sequence was empty.")
# No async do_last, it may not be safe in async mode.
@pass_context
def do_random(context: "Context", seq: "t.Sequence[V]") -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
"""Return a random item from the sequence."""
try:
return random.choice(seq)
except IndexError:
return context.environment.undefined("No random item, sequence was empty.")
def do_filesizeformat(value: t.Union[str, float, int], binary: bool = False) -> str:
"""Format the value like a 'human-readable' file size (i.e. 13 kB,
4.1 MB, 102 Bytes, etc). Per default decimal prefixes are used (Mega,
Giga, etc.), if the second parameter is set to `True` the binary
prefixes are used (Mebi, Gibi).
"""
bytes = float(value)
base = 1024 if binary else 1000
prefixes = [
("KiB" if binary else "kB"),
("MiB" if binary else "MB"),
("GiB" if binary else "GB"),
("TiB" if binary else "TB"),
("PiB" if binary else "PB"),
("EiB" if binary else "EB"),
("ZiB" if binary else "ZB"),
("YiB" if binary else "YB"),
]
if bytes == 1:
return "1 Byte"
elif bytes < base:
return f"{int(bytes)} Bytes"
else:
for i, prefix in enumerate(prefixes):
unit = base ** (i + 2)
if bytes < unit:
return f"{base * bytes / unit:.1f} {prefix}"
return f"{base * bytes / unit:.1f} {prefix}"
def do_pprint(value: t.Any) -> str:
"""Pretty print a variable. Useful for debugging."""
return pformat(value)
_uri_scheme_re = re.compile(r"^([\w.+-]{2,}:(/){0,2})$")
@pass_eval_context
def do_urlize(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
value: str,
trim_url_limit: t.Optional[int] = None,
nofollow: bool = False,
target: t.Optional[str] = None,
rel: t.Optional[str] = None,
extra_schemes: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
) -> str:
"""Convert URLs in text into clickable links.
This may not recognize links in some situations. Usually, a more
comprehensive formatter, such as a Markdown library, is a better
choice.
Works on ``http://``, ``https://``, ``www.``, ``mailto:``, and email
addresses. Links with trailing punctuation (periods, commas, closing
parentheses) and leading punctuation (opening parentheses) are
recognized excluding the punctuation. Email addresses that include
header fields are not recognized (for example,
``mailto:[email protected][email protected]``).
:param value: Original text containing URLs to link.
:param trim_url_limit: Shorten displayed URL values to this length.
:param nofollow: Add the ``rel=nofollow`` attribute to links.
:param target: Add the ``target`` attribute to links.
:param rel: Add the ``rel`` attribute to links.
:param extra_schemes: Recognize URLs that start with these schemes
in addition to the default behavior. Defaults to
``env.policies["urlize.extra_schemes"]``, which defaults to no
extra schemes.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The ``extra_schemes`` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Generate ``https://`` links for URLs without a scheme.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The parsing rules were updated. Recognize email addresses with
or without the ``mailto:`` scheme. Validate IP addresses. Ignore
parentheses and brackets in more cases.
.. versionchanged:: 2.8
The ``target`` parameter was added.
"""
policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
rel_parts = set((rel or "").split())
if nofollow:
rel_parts.add("nofollow")
rel_parts.update((policies["urlize.rel"] or "").split())
rel = " ".join(sorted(rel_parts)) or None
if target is None:
target = policies["urlize.target"]
if extra_schemes is None:
extra_schemes = policies["urlize.extra_schemes"] or ()
for scheme in extra_schemes:
if _uri_scheme_re.fullmatch(scheme) is None:
raise FilterArgumentError(f"{scheme!r} is not a valid URI scheme prefix.")
rv = urlize(
value,
trim_url_limit=trim_url_limit,
rel=rel,
target=target,
extra_schemes=extra_schemes,
)
if eval_ctx.autoescape:
rv = Markup(rv)
return rv
def do_indent(
s: str, width: t.Union[int, str] = 4, first: bool = False, blank: bool = False
) -> str:
"""Return a copy of the string with each line indented by 4 spaces. The
first line and blank lines are not indented by default.
:param width: Number of spaces, or a string, to indent by.
:param first: Don't skip indenting the first line.
:param blank: Don't skip indenting empty lines.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
``width`` can be a string.
.. versionchanged:: 2.10
Blank lines are not indented by default.
Rename the ``indentfirst`` argument to ``first``.
"""
if isinstance(width, str):
indention = width
else:
indention = " " * width
newline = "\n"
if isinstance(s, Markup):
indention = Markup(indention)
newline = Markup(newline)
s += newline # this quirk is necessary for splitlines method
if blank:
rv = (newline + indention).join(s.splitlines())
else:
lines = s.splitlines()
rv = lines.pop(0)
if lines:
rv += newline + newline.join(
indention + line if line else line for line in lines
)
if first:
rv = indention + rv
return rv
@pass_environment
def do_truncate(
env: "Environment",
s: str,
length: int = 255,
killwords: bool = False,
end: str = "...",
leeway: t.Optional[int] = None,
) -> str:
"""Return a truncated copy of the string. The length is specified
with the first parameter which defaults to ``255``. If the second
parameter is ``true`` the filter will cut the text at length. Otherwise
it will discard the last word. If the text was in fact
truncated it will append an ellipsis sign (``"..."``). If you want a
different ellipsis sign than ``"..."`` you can specify it using the
third parameter. Strings that only exceed the length by the tolerance
margin given in the fourth parameter will not be truncated.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9) }}
-> "foo..."
{{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9, True) }}
-> "foo ba..."
{{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11) }}
-> "foo bar baz qux"
{{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11, False, '...', 0) }}
-> "foo bar..."
The default leeway on newer Jinja versions is 5 and was 0 before but
can be reconfigured globally.
"""
if leeway is None:
leeway = env.policies["truncate.leeway"]
assert length >= len(end), f"expected length >= {len(end)}, got {length}"
assert leeway >= 0, f"expected leeway >= 0, got {leeway}"
if len(s) <= length + leeway:
return s
if killwords:
return s[: length - len(end)] + end
result = s[: length - len(end)].rsplit(" ", 1)[0]
return result + end
@pass_environment
def do_wordwrap(
environment: "Environment",
s: str,
width: int = 79,
break_long_words: bool = True,
wrapstring: t.Optional[str] = None,
break_on_hyphens: bool = True,
) -> str:
"""Wrap a string to the given width. Existing newlines are treated
as paragraphs to be wrapped separately.
:param s: Original text to wrap.
:param width: Maximum length of wrapped lines.
:param break_long_words: If a word is longer than ``width``, break
it across lines.
:param break_on_hyphens: If a word contains hyphens, it may be split
across lines.
:param wrapstring: String to join each wrapped line. Defaults to
:attr:`Environment.newline_sequence`.
.. versionchanged:: 2.11
Existing newlines are treated as paragraphs wrapped separately.
.. versionchanged:: 2.11
Added the ``break_on_hyphens`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
Added the ``wrapstring`` parameter.
"""
import textwrap
if wrapstring is None:
wrapstring = environment.newline_sequence
# textwrap.wrap doesn't consider existing newlines when wrapping.
# If the string has a newline before width, wrap will still insert
# a newline at width, resulting in a short line. Instead, split and
# wrap each paragraph individually.
return wrapstring.join(
[
wrapstring.join(
textwrap.wrap(
line,
width=width,
expand_tabs=False,
replace_whitespace=False,
break_long_words=break_long_words,
break_on_hyphens=break_on_hyphens,
)
)
for line in s.splitlines()
]
)
_word_re = re.compile(r"\w+")
def do_wordcount(s: str) -> int:
"""Count the words in that string."""
return len(_word_re.findall(soft_str(s)))
def do_int(value: t.Any, default: int = 0, base: int = 10) -> int:
"""Convert the value into an integer. If the
conversion doesn't work it will return ``0``. You can
override this default using the first parameter. You
can also override the default base (10) in the second
parameter, which handles input with prefixes such as
0b, 0o and 0x for bases 2, 8 and 16 respectively.
The base is ignored for decimal numbers and non-string values.
"""
try:
if isinstance(value, str):
return int(value, base)
return int(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
# this quirk is necessary so that "42.23"|int gives 42.
try:
return int(float(value))
except (TypeError, ValueError):
return default
def do_float(value: t.Any, default: float = 0.0) -> float:
"""Convert the value into a floating point number. If the
conversion doesn't work it will return ``0.0``. You can
override this default using the first parameter.
"""
try:
return float(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
return default
def do_format(value: str, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
"""Apply the given values to a `printf-style`_ format string, like
``string % values``.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ "%s, %s!"|format(greeting, name) }}
Hello, World!
In most cases it should be more convenient and efficient to use the
``%`` operator or :meth:`str.format`.
.. code-block:: text
{{ "%s, %s!" % (greeting, name) }}
{{ "{}, {}!".format(greeting, name) }}
.. _printf-style: https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html
#printf-style-string-formatting
"""
if args and kwargs:
raise FilterArgumentError(
"can't handle positional and keyword arguments at the same time"
)
return soft_str(value) % (kwargs or args)
def do_trim(value: str, chars: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
"""Strip leading and trailing characters, by default whitespace."""
return soft_str(value).strip(chars)
def do_striptags(value: "t.Union[str, HasHTML]") -> str:
"""Strip SGML/XML tags and replace adjacent whitespace by one space."""
if hasattr(value, "__html__"):
value = t.cast("HasHTML", value).__html__()
return Markup(str(value)).striptags()
def sync_do_slice(
value: "t.Collection[V]", slices: int, fill_with: "t.Optional[V]" = None
) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
"""Slice an iterator and return a list of lists containing
those items. Useful if you want to create a div containing
three ul tags that represent columns:
.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
<div class="columnwrapper">
{%- for column in items|slice(3) %}
<ul class="column-{{ loop.index }}">
{%- for item in column %}
<li>{{ item }}</li>
{%- endfor %}
</ul>
{%- endfor %}
</div>
If you pass it a second argument it's used to fill missing
values on the last iteration.
"""
seq = list(value)
length = len(seq)
items_per_slice = length // slices
slices_with_extra = length % slices
offset = 0
for slice_number in range(slices):
start = offset + slice_number * items_per_slice
if slice_number < slices_with_extra:
offset += 1
end = offset + (slice_number + 1) * items_per_slice
tmp = seq[start:end]
if fill_with is not None and slice_number >= slices_with_extra:
tmp.append(fill_with)
yield tmp
@async_variant(sync_do_slice) # type: ignore
async def do_slice(
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
slices: int,
fill_with: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
return sync_do_slice(await auto_to_list(value), slices, fill_with)
def do_batch(
value: "t.Iterable[V]", linecount: int, fill_with: "t.Optional[V]" = None
) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
"""
A filter that batches items. It works pretty much like `slice`
just the other way round. It returns a list of lists with the
given number of items. If you provide a second parameter this
is used to fill up missing items. See this example:
.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
<table>
{%- for row in items|batch(3, ' ') %}
<tr>
{%- for column in row %}
<td>{{ column }}</td>
{%- endfor %}
</tr>
{%- endfor %}
</table>
"""
tmp: "t.List[V]" = []
for item in value:
if len(tmp) == linecount:
yield tmp
tmp = []
tmp.append(item)
if tmp:
if fill_with is not None and len(tmp) < linecount:
tmp += [fill_with] * (linecount - len(tmp))
yield tmp
def do_round(
value: float,
precision: int = 0,
method: 'te.Literal["common", "ceil", "floor"]' = "common",
) -> float:
"""Round the number to a given precision. The first
parameter specifies the precision (default is ``0``), the
second the rounding method:
- ``'common'`` rounds either up or down
- ``'ceil'`` always rounds up
- ``'floor'`` always rounds down
If you don't specify a method ``'common'`` is used.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ 42.55|round }}
-> 43.0
{{ 42.55|round(1, 'floor') }}
-> 42.5
Note that even if rounded to 0 precision, a float is returned. If
you need a real integer, pipe it through `int`:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ 42.55|round|int }}
-> 43
"""
if method not in {"common", "ceil", "floor"}:
raise FilterArgumentError("method must be common, ceil or floor")
if method == "common":
return round(value, precision)
func = getattr(math, method)
return t.cast(float, func(value * (10**precision)) / (10**precision))
class _GroupTuple(t.NamedTuple):
grouper: t.Any
list: t.List
# Use the regular tuple repr to hide this subclass if users print
# out the value during debugging.
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return tuple.__repr__(self)
def __str__(self) -> str:
return tuple.__str__(self)
@pass_environment
def sync_do_groupby(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
attribute: t.Union[str, int],
default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
case_sensitive: bool = False,
) -> "t.List[_GroupTuple]":
"""Group a sequence of objects by an attribute using Python's
:func:`itertools.groupby`. The attribute can use dot notation for
nested access, like ``"address.city"``. Unlike Python's ``groupby``,
the values are sorted first so only one group is returned for each
unique value.
For example, a list of ``User`` objects with a ``city`` attribute
can be rendered in groups. In this example, ``grouper`` refers to
the ``city`` value of the group.
.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
<ul>{% for city, items in users|groupby("city") %}
<li>{{ city }}
<ul>{% for user in items %}
<li>{{ user.name }}
{% endfor %}</ul>
</li>
{% endfor %}</ul>
``groupby`` yields namedtuples of ``(grouper, list)``, which
can be used instead of the tuple unpacking above. ``grouper`` is the
value of the attribute, and ``list`` is the items with that value.
.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
<ul>{% for group in users|groupby("city") %}
<li>{{ group.grouper }}: {{ group.list|join(", ") }}
{% endfor %}</ul>
You can specify a ``default`` value to use if an object in the list
does not have the given attribute.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
<ul>{% for city, items in users|groupby("city", default="NY") %}
<li>{{ city }}: {{ items|map(attribute="name")|join(", ") }}</li>
{% endfor %}</ul>
Like the :func:`~jinja-filters.sort` filter, sorting and grouping is
case-insensitive by default. The ``key`` for each group will have
the case of the first item in that group of values. For example, if
a list of users has cities ``["CA", "NY", "ca"]``, the "CA" group
will have two values. This can be disabled by passing
``case_sensitive=True``.
.. versionchanged:: 3.1
Added the ``case_sensitive`` parameter. Sorting and grouping is
case-insensitive by default, matching other filters that do
comparisons.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the ``default`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
The attribute supports dot notation for nested access.
"""
expr = make_attrgetter(
environment,
attribute,
postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None,
default=default,
)
out = [
_GroupTuple(key, list(values))
for key, values in groupby(sorted(value, key=expr), expr)
]
if not case_sensitive:
# Return the real key from the first value instead of the lowercase key.
output_expr = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute, default=default)
out = [_GroupTuple(output_expr(values[0]), values) for _, values in out]
return out
@async_variant(sync_do_groupby) # type: ignore
async def do_groupby(
environment: "Environment",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
attribute: t.Union[str, int],
default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
case_sensitive: bool = False,
) -> "t.List[_GroupTuple]":
expr = make_attrgetter(
environment,
attribute,
postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None,
default=default,
)
out = [
_GroupTuple(key, await auto_to_list(values))
for key, values in groupby(sorted(await auto_to_list(value), key=expr), expr)
]
if not case_sensitive:
# Return the real key from the first value instead of the lowercase key.
output_expr = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute, default=default)
out = [_GroupTuple(output_expr(values[0]), values) for _, values in out]
return out
@pass_environment
def sync_do_sum(
environment: "Environment",
iterable: "t.Iterable[V]",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
start: V = 0, # type: ignore
) -> V:
"""Returns the sum of a sequence of numbers plus the value of parameter
'start' (which defaults to 0). When the sequence is empty it returns
start.
It is also possible to sum up only certain attributes:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
Total: {{ items|sum(attribute='price') }}
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
The ``attribute`` parameter was added to allow summing up over
attributes. Also the ``start`` parameter was moved on to the right.
"""
if attribute is not None:
iterable = map(make_attrgetter(environment, attribute), iterable)
return sum(iterable, start) # type: ignore[no-any-return, call-overload]
@async_variant(sync_do_sum) # type: ignore
async def do_sum(
environment: "Environment",
iterable: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
start: V = 0, # type: ignore
) -> V:
rv = start
if attribute is not None:
func = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute)
else:
def func(x: V) -> V:
return x
async for item in auto_aiter(iterable):
rv += func(item)
return rv
def sync_do_list(value: "t.Iterable[V]") -> "t.List[V]":
"""Convert the value into a list. If it was a string the returned list
will be a list of characters.
"""
return list(value)
@async_variant(sync_do_list) # type: ignore
async def do_list(value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]") -> "t.List[V]":
return await auto_to_list(value)
def do_mark_safe(value: str) -> Markup:
"""Mark the value as safe which means that in an environment with automatic
escaping enabled this variable will not be escaped.
"""
return Markup(value)
def do_mark_unsafe(value: str) -> str:
"""Mark a value as unsafe. This is the reverse operation for :func:`safe`."""
return str(value)
@typing.overload
def do_reverse(value: str) -> str:
...
@typing.overload
def do_reverse(value: "t.Iterable[V]") -> "t.Iterable[V]":
...
def do_reverse(value: t.Union[str, t.Iterable[V]]) -> t.Union[str, t.Iterable[V]]:
"""Reverse the object or return an iterator that iterates over it the other
way round.
"""
if isinstance(value, str):
return value[::-1]
try:
return reversed(value) # type: ignore
except TypeError:
try:
rv = list(value)
rv.reverse()
return rv
except TypeError as e:
raise FilterArgumentError("argument must be iterable") from e
@pass_environment
def do_attr(
environment: "Environment", obj: t.Any, name: str
) -> t.Union[Undefined, t.Any]:
"""Get an attribute of an object. ``foo|attr("bar")`` works like
``foo.bar`` just that always an attribute is returned and items are not
looked up.
See :ref:`Notes on subscriptions <notes-on-subscriptions>` for more details.
"""
try:
name = str(name)
except UnicodeError:
pass
else:
try:
value = getattr(obj, name)
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
if environment.sandboxed:
environment = t.cast("SandboxedEnvironment", environment)
if not environment.is_safe_attribute(obj, name, value):
return environment.unsafe_undefined(obj, name)
return value
return environment.undefined(obj=obj, name=name)
@typing.overload
def sync_do_map(
context: "Context", value: t.Iterable, name: str, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Iterable:
...
@typing.overload
def sync_do_map(
context: "Context",
value: t.Iterable,
*,
attribute: str = ...,
default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
) -> t.Iterable:
...
@pass_context
def sync_do_map(
context: "Context", value: t.Iterable, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Iterable:
"""Applies a filter on a sequence of objects or looks up an attribute.
This is useful when dealing with lists of objects but you are really
only interested in a certain value of it.
The basic usage is mapping on an attribute. Imagine you have a list
of users but you are only interested in a list of usernames:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
Users on this page: {{ users|map(attribute='username')|join(', ') }}
You can specify a ``default`` value to use if an object in the list
does not have the given attribute.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ users|map(attribute="username", default="Anonymous")|join(", ") }}
Alternatively you can let it invoke a filter by passing the name of the
filter and the arguments afterwards. A good example would be applying a
text conversion filter on a sequence:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
Users on this page: {{ titles|map('lower')|join(', ') }}
Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
.. code-block:: python
(u.username for u in users)
(getattr(u, "username", "Anonymous") for u in users)
(do_lower(x) for x in titles)
.. versionchanged:: 2.11.0
Added the ``default`` parameter.
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
if value:
func = prepare_map(context, args, kwargs)
for item in value:
yield func(item)
@typing.overload
def do_map(
context: "Context",
value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable, t.Iterable],
name: str,
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> t.Iterable:
...
@typing.overload
def do_map(
context: "Context",
value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable, t.Iterable],
*,
attribute: str = ...,
default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
) -> t.Iterable:
...
@async_variant(sync_do_map) # type: ignore
async def do_map(
context: "Context",
value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable, t.Iterable],
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> t.AsyncIterable:
if value:
func = prepare_map(context, args, kwargs)
async for item in auto_aiter(value):
yield await auto_await(func(item))
@pass_context
def sync_do_select(
context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
"""Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
and only selecting the objects with the test succeeding.
If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
Example usage:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ numbers|select("odd") }}
{{ numbers|select("odd") }}
{{ numbers|select("divisibleby", 3) }}
{{ numbers|select("lessthan", 42) }}
{{ strings|select("equalto", "mystring") }}
Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
.. code-block:: python
(n for n in numbers if test_odd(n))
(n for n in numbers if test_divisibleby(n, 3))
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
@async_variant(sync_do_select) # type: ignore
async def do_select(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
@pass_context
def sync_do_reject(
context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
"""Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
and rejecting the objects with the test succeeding.
If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
Example usage:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ numbers|reject("odd") }}
Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
.. code-block:: python
(n for n in numbers if not test_odd(n))
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
@async_variant(sync_do_reject) # type: ignore
async def do_reject(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
@pass_context
def sync_do_selectattr(
context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
"""Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
attribute of each object, and only selecting the objects with the
test succeeding.
If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
a boolean.
Example usage:
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ users|selectattr("is_active") }}
{{ users|selectattr("email", "none") }}
Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
.. code-block:: python
(u for user in users if user.is_active)
(u for user in users if test_none(user.email))
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
@async_variant(sync_do_selectattr) # type: ignore
async def do_selectattr(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
@pass_context
def sync_do_rejectattr(
context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
"""Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
attribute of each object, and rejecting the objects with the test
succeeding.
If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
a boolean.
.. sourcecode:: jinja
{{ users|rejectattr("is_active") }}
{{ users|rejectattr("email", "none") }}
Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
.. code-block:: python
(u for user in users if not user.is_active)
(u for user in users if not test_none(user.email))
.. versionadded:: 2.7
"""
return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
@async_variant(sync_do_rejectattr) # type: ignore
async def do_rejectattr(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
@pass_eval_context
def do_tojson(
eval_ctx: "EvalContext", value: t.Any, indent: t.Optional[int] = None
) -> Markup:
"""Serialize an object to a string of JSON, and mark it safe to
render in HTML. This filter is only for use in HTML documents.
The returned string is safe to render in HTML documents and
``<script>`` tags. The exception is in HTML attributes that are
double quoted; either use single quotes or the ``|forceescape``
filter.
:param value: The object to serialize to JSON.
:param indent: The ``indent`` parameter passed to ``dumps``, for
pretty-printing the value.
.. versionadded:: 2.9
"""
policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
dumps = policies["json.dumps_function"]
kwargs = policies["json.dumps_kwargs"]
if indent is not None:
kwargs = kwargs.copy()
kwargs["indent"] = indent
return htmlsafe_json_dumps(value, dumps=dumps, **kwargs)
def prepare_map(
context: "Context", args: t.Tuple, kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any]
) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
if not args and "attribute" in kwargs:
attribute = kwargs.pop("attribute")
default = kwargs.pop("default", None)
if kwargs:
raise FilterArgumentError(
f"Unexpected keyword argument {next(iter(kwargs))!r}"
)
func = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attribute, default=default)
else:
try:
name = args[0]
args = args[1:]
except LookupError:
raise FilterArgumentError("map requires a filter argument") from None
def func(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return context.environment.call_filter(
name, item, args, kwargs, context=context
)
return func
def prepare_select_or_reject(
context: "Context",
args: t.Tuple,
kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
lookup_attr: bool,
) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
if lookup_attr:
try:
attr = args[0]
except LookupError:
raise FilterArgumentError("Missing parameter for attribute name") from None
transfunc = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attr)
off = 1
else:
off = 0
def transfunc(x: V) -> V:
return x
try:
name = args[off]
args = args[1 + off :]
def func(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return context.environment.call_test(name, item, args, kwargs)
except LookupError:
func = bool # type: ignore
return lambda item: modfunc(func(transfunc(item)))
def select_or_reject(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Iterable[V]",
args: t.Tuple,
kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
lookup_attr: bool,
) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
if value:
func = prepare_select_or_reject(context, args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
for item in value:
if func(item):
yield item
async def async_select_or_reject(
context: "Context",
value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
args: t.Tuple,
kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
lookup_attr: bool,
) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
if value:
func = prepare_select_or_reject(context, args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
async for item in auto_aiter(value):
if func(item):
yield item
FILTERS = {
"abs": abs,
"attr": do_attr,
"batch": do_batch,
"capitalize": do_capitalize,
"center": do_center,
"count": len,
"d": do_default,
"default": do_default,
"dictsort": do_dictsort,
"e": escape,
"escape": escape,
"filesizeformat": do_filesizeformat,
"first": do_first,
"float": do_float,
"forceescape": do_forceescape,
"format": do_format,
"groupby": do_groupby,
"indent": do_indent,
"int": do_int,
"join": do_join,
"last": do_last,
"length": len,
"list": do_list,
"lower": do_lower,
"items": do_items,
"map": do_map,
"min": do_min,
"max": do_max,
"pprint": do_pprint,
"random": do_random,
"reject": do_reject,
"rejectattr": do_rejectattr,
"replace": do_replace,
"reverse": do_reverse,
"round": do_round,
"safe": do_mark_safe,
"select": do_select,
"selectattr": do_selectattr,
"slice": do_slice,
"sort": do_sort,
"string": soft_str,
"striptags": do_striptags,
"sum": do_sum,
"title": do_title,
"trim": do_trim,
"truncate": do_truncate,
"unique": do_unique,
"upper": do_upper,
"urlencode": do_urlencode,
"urlize": do_urlize,
"wordcount": do_wordcount,
"wordwrap": do_wordwrap,
"xmlattr": do_xmlattr,
"tojson": do_tojson,
}
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