.TH lcov 1 "LCOV 1.10" 2012\-10\-10 "User Manuals"
.SH NAME
lcov \- a graphical GCOV front\-end
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B lcov
.BR \-c | \-\-capture
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-d | \-\-directory
.IR directory ]
.RB [ \-k | \-\-kernel\-directory
.IR directory ]
.br
.RB [ \-o | \-\-output\-file
.IR tracefile ]
.RB [ \-t | \-\-test\-name
.IR testname ]
.br
.RB [ \-b | \-\-base\-directory
.IR directory ]
.RB [ \-i | \-\-initial ]
.RB [ \-\-gcov\-tool
.IR tool ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-recursion ]
.RB [ \-f | \-\-follow ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-compat\-libtool ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-compat\-libtool ]
.RB [ \-\-ignore\-errors
.IR errors ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-to\-package
.IR package ]
.RB [ \-\-from\-package
.IR package ]
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-no\-markers ]
.RB [ \-\-external ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-external ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-compat
.IR mode =on|off|auto]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-z | \-\-zerocounters
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-d | \-\-directory
.IR directory ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-recursion ]
.RB [ \-f | \-\-follow ]
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-l | \-\-list
.I tracefile
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.RB [ \-\-list\-full\-path ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-list\-full\-path ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-a | \-\-add\-tracefile
.I tracefile
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-o | \-\-output\-file
.IR tracefile ]
.RB [ \-\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-checksum ]
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-e | \-\-extract
.I tracefile pattern
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-o | \-\-output\-file
.IR tracefile ]
.RB [ \-\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-checksum ]
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-r | \-\-remove
.I tracefile pattern
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-o | \-\-output\-file
.IR tracefile ]
.RB [ \-\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-checksum ]
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-\-diff
.IR "tracefile diff"
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-o | \-\-output\-file
.IR tracefile ]
.RB [ \-\-checksum ]
.RB [ \-\-no\-checksum ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-convert\-filenames ]
.RB [ \-\-strip
.IR depth ]
.RB [ \-\-path
.IR path ]
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.br
.RB [ \-\-config\-file
.IR config\-file ]
.RB [ \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.BR \-\-summary
.I tracefile
.RS 5
.br
.RB [ \-q | \-\-quiet ]
.br
.RE
.B lcov
.RB [ \-h | \-\-help ]
.RB [ \-v | \-\-version ]
.RS 5
.br
.RE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B lcov
is a graphical front\-end for GCC's coverage testing tool gcov. It collects
line, function and branch coverage data for multiple source files and creates
HTML pages containing the source code annotated with coverage information.
It also adds overview pages for easy navigation within the file structure.
Use
.B lcov
to collect coverage data and
.B genhtml
to create HTML pages. Coverage data can either be collected from the
currently running Linux kernel or from a user space application. To do this,
you have to complete the following preparation steps:
For Linux kernel coverage:
.RS
Follow the setup instructions for the gcov\-kernel infrastructure:
.I http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/gcov.php
.br
.RE
For user space application coverage:
.RS
Compile the application with GCC using the options
"\-fprofile\-arcs" and "\-ftest\-coverage".
.RE
Please note that this man page refers to the output format of
.B lcov
as ".info file" or "tracefile" and that the output of GCOV
is called ".da file".
Also note that when printing percentages, 0% and 100% are only printed when
the values are exactly 0% and 100% respectively. Other values which would
conventionally be rounded to 0% or 100% are instead printed as nearest
non-boundary value. This behavior is in accordance with that of the
.BR gcov (1)
tool.
.SH OPTIONS
.B \-a
.I tracefile
.br
.B \-\-add\-tracefile
.I tracefile
.br
.RS
Add contents of
.IR tracefile .
Specify several tracefiles using the \-a switch to combine the coverage data
contained in these files by adding up execution counts for matching test and
filename combinations.
The result of the add operation will be written to stdout or the tracefile
specified with \-o.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-b
.I directory
.br
.B \-\-base\-directory
.I directory
.br
.RS
.RI "Use " directory
as base directory for relative paths.
Use this option to specify the base directory of a build\-environment
when lcov produces error messages like:
.RS
ERROR: could not read source file /home/user/project/subdir1/subdir2/subdir1/subdir2/file.c
.RE
In this example, use /home/user/project as base directory.
This option is required when using lcov on projects built with libtool or
similar build environments that work with a base directory, i.e. environments,
where the current working directory when invoking the compiler is not the same
directory in which the source code file is located.
Note that this option will not work in environments where multiple base
directories are used. In that case use configuration file setting
.B geninfo_auto_base=1
(see
.BR lcovrc (5)).
.RE
.B \-c
.br
.B \-\-capture
.br
.RS
Capture coverage data.
By default captures the current kernel execution counts and writes the
resulting coverage data to the standard output. Use the \-\-directory
option to capture counts for a user space program.
The result of the capture operation will be written to stdout or the tracefile
specified with \-o.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-\-checksum
.br
.B \-\-no\-checksum
.br
.RS
Specify whether to generate checksum data when writing tracefiles.
Use \-\-checksum to enable checksum generation or \-\-no\-checksum to
disable it. Checksum generation is
.B disabled
by default.
When checksum generation is enabled, a checksum will be generated for each
source code line and stored along with the coverage data. This checksum will
be used to prevent attempts to combine coverage data from different source
code versions.
If you don't work with different source code versions, disable this option
to speed up coverage data processing and to reduce the size of tracefiles.
.RE
.B \-\-compat
.IR mode = value [, mode = value ,...]
.br
.RS
Set compatibility mode.
Use \-\-compat to specify that lcov should enable one or more compatibility
modes when capturing coverage data. You can provide a comma-separated list
of mode=value pairs to specify the values for multiple modes.
Valid
.I values
are:
.B on
.RS
Enable compatibility mode.
.RE
.B off
.RS
Disable compatibility mode.
.RE
.B auto
.RS
Apply auto-detection to determine if compatibility mode is required. Note that
auto-detection is not available for all compatibility modes.
.RE
If no value is specified, 'on' is assumed as default value.
Valid
.I modes
are:
.B libtool
.RS
Enable this mode if you are capturing coverage data for a project that
was built using the libtool mechanism. See also
\-\-compat\-libtool.
The default value for this setting is 'on'.
.RE
.B hammer
.RS
Enable this mode if you are capturing coverage data for a project that
was built using a version of GCC 3.3 that contains a modification
(hammer patch) of later GCC versions. You can identify a modified GCC 3.3
by checking the build directory of your project for files ending in the
extension '.bbg'. Unmodified versions of GCC 3.3 name these files '.bb'.
The default value for this setting is 'auto'.
.RE
.B split_crc
.RS
Enable this mode if you are capturing coverage data for a project that
was built using a version of GCC 4.6 that contains a modification
(split function checksums) of later GCC versions. Typical error messages
when running lcov on coverage data produced by such GCC versions are
\'out of memory' and 'reached unexpected end of file'.
The default value for this setting is 'auto'
.RE
.RE
.B \-\-compat\-libtool
.br
.B \-\-no\-compat\-libtool
.br
.RS
Specify whether to enable libtool compatibility mode.
Use \-\-compat\-libtool to enable libtool compatibility mode or \-\-no\-compat\-libtool
to disable it. The libtool compatibility mode is
.B enabled
by default.
When libtool compatibility mode is enabled, lcov will assume that the source
code relating to a .da file located in a directory named ".libs" can be
found in its parent directory.
If you have directories named ".libs" in your build environment but don't use
libtool, disable this option to prevent problems when capturing coverage data.
.RE
.B \-\-config\-file
.I config\-file
.br
.RS
Specify a configuration file to use.
When this option is specified, neither the system\-wide configuration file
/etc/lcovrc, nor the per\-user configuration file ~/.lcovrc is read.
This option may be useful when there is a need to run several
instances of
.B lcov
with different configuration file options in parallel.
.RE
.B \-\-convert\-filenames
.br
.RS
Convert filenames when applying diff.
Use this option together with \-\-diff to rename the file names of processed
data sets according to the data provided by the diff.
.RE
.B \-\-diff
.I tracefile
.I difffile
.br
.RS
Convert coverage data in
.I tracefile
using source code diff file
.IR difffile .
Use this option if you want to merge coverage data from different source code
levels of a program, e.g. when you have data taken from an older version
and want to combine it with data from a more current version.
.B lcov
will try to map source code lines between those versions and adjust the coverage
data respectively.
.I difffile
needs to be in unified format, i.e. it has to be created using the "\-u" option
of the
.B diff
tool.
Note that lines which are not present in the old version will not be counted
as instrumented, therefore tracefiles resulting from this operation should
not be interpreted individually but together with other tracefiles taken
from the newer version. Also keep in mind that converted coverage data should
only be used for overview purposes as the process itself introduces a loss
of accuracy.
The result of the diff operation will be written to stdout or the tracefile
specified with \-o.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-d
.I directory
.br
.B \-\-directory
.I directory
.br
.RS
Use .da files in
.I directory
instead of kernel.
If you want to work on coverage data for a user space program, use this
option to specify the location where the program was compiled (that's
where the counter files ending with .da will be stored).
Note that you may specify this option more than once.
.RE
.B \-\-external
.br
.B \-\-no\-external
.br
.RS
Specify whether to capture coverage data for external source files.
External source files are files which are not located in one of the directories
specified by \-\-directory or \-\-base\-directory. Use \-\-external to include
external source files while capturing coverage data or \-\-no\-external to
ignore this data.
Data for external source files is
.B included
by default.
.RE
.B \-e
.I tracefile
.I pattern
.br
.B \-\-extract
.I tracefile
.I pattern
.br
.RS
Extract data from
.IR tracefile .
Use this switch if you want to extract coverage data for only a particular
set of files from a tracefile. Additional command line parameters will be
interpreted as shell wildcard patterns (note that they may need to be
escaped accordingly to prevent the shell from expanding them first).
Every file entry in
.I tracefile
which matches at least one of those patterns will be extracted.
The result of the extract operation will be written to stdout or the tracefile
specified with \-o.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-f
.br
.B \-\-follow
.br
.RS
Follow links when searching for .da files.
.RE
.B \-\-from\-package
.I package
.br
.RS
Use .da files in
.I package
instead of kernel or directory.
Use this option if you have separate machines for build and test and
want to perform the .info file creation on the build machine. See
\-\-to\-package for more information.
.RE
.B \-\-gcov\-tool
.I tool
.br
.RS
Specify the location of the gcov tool.
.RE
.B \-h
.br
.B \-\-help
.br
.RS
Print a short help text, then exit.
.RE
.B \-\-ignore\-errors
.I errors
.br
.RS
Specify a list of errors after which to continue processing.
Use this option to specify a list of one or more classes of errors after which
lcov should continue processing instead of aborting.
.I errors
can be a comma\-separated list of the following keywords:
.B gcov:
the gcov tool returned with a non\-zero return code.
.B source:
the source code file for a data set could not be found.
.RE
.B \-i
.br
.B \-\-initial
.RS
Capture initial zero coverage data.
Run lcov with \-c and this option on the directories containing .bb, .bbg
or .gcno files before running any test case. The result is a "baseline"
coverage data file that contains zero coverage for every instrumented line.
Combine this data file (using lcov \-a) with coverage data files captured
after a test run to ensure that the percentage of total lines covered is
correct even when not all source code files were loaded during the test.
Recommended procedure when capturing data for a test case:
1. create baseline coverage data file
.RS
# lcov \-c \-i \-d appdir \-o app_base.info
.br
.RE
2. perform test
.RS
# appdir/test
.br
.RE
3. create test coverage data file
.RS
# lcov \-c \-d appdir \-o app_test.info
.br
.RE
4. combine baseline and test coverage data
.RS
# lcov \-a app_base.info \-a app_test.info \-o app_total.info
.br
.RE
.RE
.B \-k
.I subdirectory
.br
.B \-\-kernel\-directory
.I subdirectory
.br
.RS
Capture kernel coverage data only from
.IR subdirectory .
Use this option if you don't want to get coverage data for all of the
kernel, but only for specific subdirectories. This option may be specified
more than once.
Note that you may need to specify the full path to the kernel subdirectory
depending on the version of the kernel gcov support.
.RE
.B \-l
.I tracefile
.br
.B \-\-list
.I tracefile
.br
.RS
List the contents of the
.IR tracefile .
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-\-list\-full\-path
.br
.B \-\-no\-list\-full\-path
.br
.RS
Specify whether to show full paths during list operation.
Use \-\-list\-full\-path to show full paths during list operation
or \-\-no\-list\-full\-path to show shortened paths. Paths are
.B shortened
by default.
.RE
.B \-\-no\-markers
.br
.RS
Use this option if you want to get coverage data without regard to exclusion
markers in the source code file. See
.BR "geninfo " (1)
for details on exclusion markers.
.RE
.B \-\-no\-recursion
.br
.RS
Use this option if you want to get coverage data for the specified directory
only without processing subdirectories.
.RE
.B \-o
.I tracefile
.br
.B \-\-output\-file
.I tracefile
.br
.RS
Write data to
.I tracefile
instead of stdout.
Specify "\-" as a filename to use the standard output.
By convention, lcov\-generated coverage data files are called "tracefiles" and
should have the filename extension ".info".
.RE
.B \-\-path
.I path
.br
.RS
Strip path from filenames when applying diff.
Use this option together with \-\-diff to tell lcov to disregard the specified
initial path component when matching between tracefile and diff filenames.
.RE
.B \-q
.br
.B \-\-quiet
.br
.RS
Do not print progress messages.
This option is implied when no output filename is specified to prevent
progress messages to mess with coverage data which is also printed to
the standard output.
.RE
.B \-\-rc
.IR keyword = value
.br
.RS
Override a configuration directive.
Use this option to specify a
.IR keyword = value
statement which overrides the corresponding configuration statement in
the lcovrc configuration file. You can specify this option more than once
to override multiple configuration statements.
See
.BR lcovrc (5)
for a list of available keywords and their meaning.
.RE
.B \-r
.I tracefile
.I pattern
.br
.B \-\-remove
.I tracefile
.I pattern
.br
.RS
Remove data from
.IR tracefile .
Use this switch if you want to remove coverage data for a particular
set of files from a tracefile. Additional command line parameters will be
interpreted as shell wildcard patterns (note that they may need to be
escaped accordingly to prevent the shell from expanding them first).
Every file entry in
.I tracefile
which matches at least one of those patterns will be removed.
The result of the remove operation will be written to stdout or the tracefile
specified with \-o.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-\-strip
.I depth
.br
.RS
Strip path components when applying diff.
Use this option together with \-\-diff to tell lcov to disregard the specified
number of initial directories when matching tracefile and diff filenames.
.RE
.B \-\-summary
.I tracefile
.br
.RS
Show summary coverage information for the specified tracefile.
Note that you may specify this option more than once.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.B \-t
.I testname
.br
.B \-\-test\-name
.I testname
.br
.RS
Specify test name to be stored in the tracefile.
This name identifies a coverage data set when more than one data set is merged
into a combined tracefile (see option \-a).
Valid test names can consist of letters, decimal digits and the underscore
character ("_").
.RE
.B \-\-to\-package
.I package
.br
.RS
Store .da files for later processing.
Use this option if you have separate machines for build and test and
want to perform the .info file creation on the build machine. To do this,
follow these steps:
On the test machine:
.RS
.br
\- run the test
.br
\- run lcov \-c [\-d directory] \-\-to-package
.I file
.br
\- copy
.I file
to the build machine
.RE
.br
On the build machine:
.RS
.br
\- run lcov \-c \-\-from-package
.I file
[\-o and other options]
.RE
.br
This works for both kernel and user space coverage data. Note that you might
have to specify the path to the build directory using \-b with
either \-\-to\-package or \-\-from-package. Note also that the package data
must be converted to a .info file before recompiling the program or it will
become invalid.
.RE
.B \-v
.br
.B \-\-version
.br
.RS
Print version number, then exit.
.RE
.B \-z
.br
.B \-\-zerocounters
.br
.RS
Reset all execution counts to zero.
By default tries to reset kernel execution counts. Use the \-\-directory
option to reset all counters of a user space program.
Only one of \-z, \-c, \-a, \-e, \-r, \-l, \-\-diff or \-\-summary may be
specified at a time.
.RE
.SH FILES
.I /etc/lcovrc
.RS
The system\-wide configuration file.
.RE
.I ~/.lcovrc
.RS
The per\-user configuration file.
.RE
.SH AUTHOR
Peter Oberparleiter <[email protected]>
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR lcovrc (5),
.BR genhtml (1),
.BR geninfo (1),
.BR genpng (1),
.BR gendesc (1),
.BR gcov (1)
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