/*!
Provides routines for interpolating capture group references.
That is, if a replacement string contains references like `$foo` or `${foo1}`,
then they are replaced with the corresponding capture values for the groups
named `foo` and `foo1`, respectively. Similarly, syntax like `$1` and `${1}`
is supported as well, with `1` corresponding to a capture group index and not
a name.
This module provides the free functions [`string`] and [`bytes`], which
interpolate Rust Unicode strings and byte strings, respectively.
# Format
These routines support two different kinds of capture references: unbraced and
braced.
For the unbraced format, the format supported is `$ref` where `name` can be
any character in the class `[0-9A-Za-z_]`. `ref` is always the longest
possible parse. So for example, `$1a` corresponds to the capture group named
`1a` and not the capture group at index `1`. If `ref` matches `^[0-9]+$`, then
it is treated as a capture group index itself and not a name.
For the braced format, the format supported is `${ref}` where `ref` can be any
sequence of bytes except for `}`. If no closing brace occurs, then it is not
considered a capture reference. As with the unbraced format, if `ref` matches
`^[0-9]+$`, then it is treated as a capture group index and not a name.
The braced format is useful for exerting precise control over the name of the
capture reference. For example, `${1}a` corresponds to the capture group
reference `1` followed by the letter `a`, where as `$1a` (as mentioned above)
corresponds to the capture group reference `1a`. The braced format is also
useful for expressing capture group names that use characters not supported by
the unbraced format. For example, `${foo[bar].baz}` refers to the capture group
named `foo[bar].baz`.
If a capture group reference is found and it does not refer to a valid capture
group, then it will be replaced with the empty string.
To write a literal `$`, use `$$`.
To be clear, and as exhibited via the type signatures in the routines in this
module, it is impossible for a replacement string to be invalid. A replacement
string may not have the intended semantics, but the interpolation procedure
itself can never fail.
*/
use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec};
use crate::util::memchr::memchr;
/// Accepts a replacement string and interpolates capture references with their
/// corresponding values.
///
/// `append` should be a function that appends the string value of a capture
/// group at a particular index to the string given. If the capture group
/// index is invalid, then nothing should be appended.
///
/// `name_to_index` should be a function that maps a capture group name to a
/// capture group index. If the given name doesn't exist, then `None` should
/// be returned.
///
/// Finally, `dst` is where the final interpolated contents should be written.
/// If `replacement` contains no capture group references, then `dst` will be
/// equivalent to `replacement`.
///
/// See the [module documentation](self) for details about the format
/// supported.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use regex_automata::util::interpolate;
///
/// let mut dst = String::new();
/// interpolate::string(
/// "foo $bar baz",
/// |index, dst| {
/// if index == 0 {
/// dst.push_str("BAR");
/// }
/// },
/// |name| {
/// if name == "bar" {
/// Some(0)
/// } else {
/// None
/// }
/// },
/// &mut dst,
/// );
/// assert_eq!("foo BAR baz", dst);
/// ```
pub fn string(
mut replacement: &str,
mut append: impl FnMut(usize, &mut String),
mut name_to_index: impl FnMut(&str) -> Option<usize>,
dst: &mut String,
) {
while !replacement.is_empty() {
match memchr(b'$', replacement.as_bytes()) {
None => break,
Some(i) => {
dst.push_str(&replacement[..i]);
replacement = &replacement[i..];
}
}
// Handle escaping of '$'.
if replacement.as_bytes().get(1).map_or(false, |&b| b == b'$') {
dst.push_str("$");
replacement = &replacement[2..];
continue;
}
debug_assert!(!replacement.is_empty());
let cap_ref = match find_cap_ref(replacement.as_bytes()) {
Some(cap_ref) => cap_ref,
None => {
dst.push_str("$");
replacement = &replacement[1..];
continue;
}
};
replacement = &replacement[cap_ref.end..];
match cap_ref.cap {
Ref::Number(i) => append(i, dst),
Ref::Named(name) => {
if let Some(i) = name_to_index(name) {
append(i, dst);
}
}
}
}
dst.push_str(replacement);
}
/// Accepts a replacement byte string and interpolates capture references with
/// their corresponding values.
///
/// `append` should be a function that appends the byte string value of a
/// capture group at a particular index to the byte string given. If the
/// capture group index is invalid, then nothing should be appended.
///
/// `name_to_index` should be a function that maps a capture group name to a
/// capture group index. If the given name doesn't exist, then `None` should
/// be returned.
///
/// Finally, `dst` is where the final interpolated contents should be written.
/// If `replacement` contains no capture group references, then `dst` will be
/// equivalent to `replacement`.
///
/// See the [module documentation](self) for details about the format
/// supported.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use regex_automata::util::interpolate;
///
/// let mut dst = vec![];
/// interpolate::bytes(
/// b"foo $bar baz",
/// |index, dst| {
/// if index == 0 {
/// dst.extend_from_slice(b"BAR");
/// }
/// },
/// |name| {
/// if name == "bar" {
/// Some(0)
/// } else {
/// None
/// }
/// },
/// &mut dst,
/// );
/// assert_eq!(&b"foo BAR baz"[..], dst);
/// ```
pub fn bytes(
mut replacement: &[u8],
mut append: impl FnMut(usize, &mut Vec<u8>),
mut name_to_index: impl FnMut(&str) -> Option<usize>,
dst: &mut Vec<u8>,
) {
while !replacement.is_empty() {
match memchr(b'$', replacement) {
None => break,
Some(i) => {
dst.extend_from_slice(&replacement[..i]);
replacement = &replacement[i..];
}
}
// Handle escaping of '$'.
if replacement.get(1).map_or(false, |&b| b == b'$') {
dst.push(b'$');
replacement = &replacement[2..];
continue;
}
debug_assert!(!replacement.is_empty());
let cap_ref = match find_cap_ref(replacement) {
Some(cap_ref) => cap_ref,
None => {
dst.push(b'$');
replacement = &replacement[1..];
continue;
}
};
replacement = &replacement[cap_ref.end..];
match cap_ref.cap {
Ref::Number(i) => append(i, dst),
Ref::Named(name) => {
if let Some(i) = name_to_index(name) {
append(i, dst);
}
}
}
}
dst.extend_from_slice(replacement);
}
/// `CaptureRef` represents a reference to a capture group inside some text.
/// The reference is either a capture group name or a number.
///
/// It is also tagged with the position in the text following the
/// capture reference.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
struct CaptureRef<'a> {
cap: Ref<'a>,
end: usize,
}
/// A reference to a capture group in some text.
///
/// e.g., `$2`, `$foo`, `${foo}`.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
enum Ref<'a> {
Named(&'a str),
Number(usize),
}
impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Ref<'a> {
fn from(x: &'a str) -> Ref<'a> {
Ref::Named(x)
}
}
impl From<usize> for Ref<'static> {
fn from(x: usize) -> Ref<'static> {
Ref::Number(x)
}
}
/// Parses a possible reference to a capture group name in the given text,
/// starting at the beginning of `replacement`.
///
/// If no such valid reference could be found, None is returned.
///
/// Note that this returns a "possible" reference because this routine doesn't
/// know whether the reference is to a valid group or not. If it winds up not
/// being a valid reference, then it should be replaced with the empty string.
fn find_cap_ref(replacement: &[u8]) -> Option<CaptureRef<'_>> {
let mut i = 0;
let rep: &[u8] = replacement;
if rep.len() <= 1 || rep[0] != b'$' {
return None;
}
i += 1;
if rep[i] == b'{' {
return find_cap_ref_braced(rep, i + 1);
}
let mut cap_end = i;
while rep.get(cap_end).copied().map_or(false, is_valid_cap_letter) {
cap_end += 1;
}
if cap_end == i {
return None;
}
// We just verified that the range 0..cap_end is valid ASCII, so it must
// therefore be valid UTF-8. If we really cared, we could avoid this UTF-8
// check via an unchecked conversion or by parsing the number straight from
// &[u8].
let cap = core::str::from_utf8(&rep[i..cap_end])
.expect("valid UTF-8 capture name");
Some(CaptureRef {
cap: match cap.parse::<usize>() {
Ok(i) => Ref::Number(i),
Err(_) => Ref::Named(cap),
},
end: cap_end,
})
}
/// Looks for a braced reference, e.g., `${foo1}`. This assumes that an opening
/// brace has been found at `i-1` in `rep`. This then looks for a closing
/// brace and returns the capture reference within the brace.
fn find_cap_ref_braced(rep: &[u8], mut i: usize) -> Option<CaptureRef<'_>> {
assert_eq!(b'{', rep[i.checked_sub(1).unwrap()]);
let start = i;
while rep.get(i).map_or(false, |&b| b != b'}') {
i += 1;
}
if !rep.get(i).map_or(false, |&b| b == b'}') {
return None;
}
// When looking at braced names, we don't put any restrictions on the name,
// so it's possible it could be invalid UTF-8. But a capture group name
// can never be invalid UTF-8, so if we have invalid UTF-8, then we can
// safely return None.
let cap = match core::str::from_utf8(&rep[start..i]) {
Err(_) => return None,
Ok(cap) => cap,
};
Some(CaptureRef {
cap: match cap.parse::<usize>() {
Ok(i) => Ref::Number(i),
Err(_) => Ref::Named(cap),
},
end: i + 1,
})
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given byte is allowed in a capture name
/// written in non-brace form.
fn is_valid_cap_letter(b: u8) -> bool {
match b {
b'0'..=b'9' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'_' => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use alloc::{string::String, vec, vec::Vec};
use super::{find_cap_ref, CaptureRef};
macro_rules! find {
($name:ident, $text:expr) => {
#[test]
fn $name() {
assert_eq!(None, find_cap_ref($text.as_bytes()));
}
};
($name:ident, $text:expr, $capref:expr) => {
#[test]
fn $name() {
assert_eq!(Some($capref), find_cap_ref($text.as_bytes()));
}
};
}
macro_rules! c {
($name_or_number:expr, $pos:expr) => {
CaptureRef { cap: $name_or_number.into(), end: $pos }
};
}
find!(find_cap_ref1, "$foo", c!("foo", 4));
find!(find_cap_ref2, "${foo}", c!("foo", 6));
find!(find_cap_ref3, "$0", c!(0, 2));
find!(find_cap_ref4, "$5", c!(5, 2));
find!(find_cap_ref5, "$10", c!(10, 3));
// See https://github.com/rust-lang/regex/pull/585
// for more on characters following numbers
find!(find_cap_ref6, "$42a", c!("42a", 4));
find!(find_cap_ref7, "${42}a", c!(42, 5));
find!(find_cap_ref8, "${42");
find!(find_cap_ref9, "${42 ");
find!(find_cap_ref10, " $0 ");
find!(find_cap_ref11, "$");
find!(find_cap_ref12, " ");
find!(find_cap_ref13, "");
find!(find_cap_ref14, "$1-$2", c!(1, 2));
find!(find_cap_ref15, "$1_$2", c!("1_", 3));
find!(find_cap_ref16, "$x-$y", c!("x", 2));
find!(find_cap_ref17, "$x_$y", c!("x_", 3));
find!(find_cap_ref18, "${#}", c!("#", 4));
find!(find_cap_ref19, "${Z[}", c!("Z[", 5));
find!(find_cap_ref20, "${¾}", c!("¾", 5));
find!(find_cap_ref21, "${¾a}", c!("¾a", 6));
find!(find_cap_ref22, "${a¾}", c!("a¾", 6));
find!(find_cap_ref23, "${☃}", c!("☃", 6));
find!(find_cap_ref24, "${a☃}", c!("a☃", 7));
find!(find_cap_ref25, "${☃a}", c!("☃a", 7));
find!(find_cap_ref26, "${名字}", c!("名字", 9));
fn interpolate_string(
mut name_to_index: Vec<(&'static str, usize)>,
caps: Vec<&'static str>,
replacement: &str,
) -> String {
name_to_index.sort_by_key(|x| x.0);
let mut dst = String::new();
super::string(
replacement,
|i, dst| {
if let Some(&s) = caps.get(i) {
dst.push_str(s);
}
},
|name| -> Option<usize> {
name_to_index
.binary_search_by_key(&name, |x| x.0)
.ok()
.map(|i| name_to_index[i].1)
},
&mut dst,
);
dst
}
fn interpolate_bytes(
mut name_to_index: Vec<(&'static str, usize)>,
caps: Vec<&'static str>,
replacement: &str,
) -> String {
name_to_index.sort_by_key(|x| x.0);
let mut dst = vec![];
super::bytes(
replacement.as_bytes(),
|i, dst| {
if let Some(&s) = caps.get(i) {
dst.extend_from_slice(s.as_bytes());
}
},
|name| -> Option<usize> {
name_to_index
.binary_search_by_key(&name, |x| x.0)
.ok()
.map(|i| name_to_index[i].1)
},
&mut dst,
);
String::from_utf8(dst).unwrap()
}
macro_rules! interp {
($name:ident, $map:expr, $caps:expr, $hay:expr, $expected:expr $(,)*) => {
#[test]
fn $name() {
assert_eq!(
$expected,
interpolate_string($map, $caps, $hay),
"interpolate::string failed",
);
assert_eq!(
$expected,
interpolate_bytes($map, $caps, $hay),
"interpolate::bytes failed",
);
}
};
}
interp!(
interp1,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test $foo test",
"test xxx test",
);
interp!(
interp2,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test$footest",
"test",
);
interp!(
interp3,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test${foo}test",
"testxxxtest",
);
interp!(
interp4,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test$2test",
"test",
);
interp!(
interp5,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test${2}test",
"testxxxtest",
);
interp!(
interp6,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test $$foo test",
"test $foo test",
);
interp!(
interp7,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"test $foo",
"test xxx",
);
interp!(
interp8,
vec![("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "", "xxx"],
"$foo test",
"xxx test",
);
interp!(
interp9,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test $bar$foo",
"test yyyxxx",
);
interp!(
interp10,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test $ test",
"test $ test",
);
interp!(
interp11,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test ${} test",
"test test",
);
interp!(
interp12,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test ${ } test",
"test test",
);
interp!(
interp13,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test ${a b} test",
"test test",
);
interp!(
interp14,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test ${a} test",
"test test",
);
// This is a funny case where a braced reference is never closed, but
// within the unclosed braced reference, there is an unbraced reference.
// In this case, the braced reference is just treated literally and the
// unbraced reference is found.
interp!(
interp15,
vec![("bar", 1), ("foo", 2)],
vec!["", "yyy", "xxx"],
"test ${wat $bar ok",
"test ${wat yyy ok",
);
}
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