use crate::{
dfa::DEAD,
util::{
primitives::StateID,
wire::{self, DeserializeError, Endian, SerializeError},
},
};
macro_rules! err {
($msg:expr) => {
return Err(DeserializeError::generic($msg));
};
}
// Special represents the identifiers in a DFA that correspond to "special"
// states. If a state is one or more of the following, then it is considered
// special:
//
// * dead - A non-matching state where all outgoing transitions lead back to
// itself. There is only one of these, regardless of whether minimization
// has run. The dead state always has an ID of 0. i.e., It is always the
// first state in a DFA.
// * quit - A state that is entered whenever a byte is seen that should cause
// a DFA to give up and stop searching. This results in a MatchError::quit
// error being returned at search time. The default configuration for a DFA
// has no quit bytes, which means this state is unreachable by default,
// although it is always present for reasons of implementation simplicity.
// This state is only reachable when the caller configures the DFA to quit
// on certain bytes. There is always exactly one of these states and it
// is always the second state. (Its actual ID depends on the size of the
// alphabet in dense DFAs, since state IDs are premultiplied in order to
// allow them to be used directly as indices into the transition table.)
// * match - An accepting state, i.e., indicative of a match. There may be
// zero or more of these states.
// * accelerated - A state where all of its outgoing transitions, except a
// few, loop back to itself. These states are candidates for acceleration
// via memchr during search. There may be zero or more of these states.
// * start - A non-matching state that indicates where the automaton should
// start during a search. There is always at least one starting state and
// all are guaranteed to be non-match states. (A start state cannot be a
// match state because the DFAs in this crate delay all matches by one byte.
// So every search that finds a match must move through one transition to
// some other match state, even when searching an empty string.)
//
// These are not mutually exclusive categories. Namely, the following
// overlappings can occur:
//
// * {dead, start} - If a DFA can never lead to a match and it is minimized,
// then it will typically compile to something where all starting IDs point
// to the DFA's dead state.
// * {match, accelerated} - It is possible for a match state to have the
// majority of its transitions loop back to itself, which means it's
// possible for a match state to be accelerated.
// * {start, accelerated} - Similarly, it is possible for a start state to be
// accelerated. Note that it is possible for an accelerated state to be
// neither a match or a start state. Also note that just because both match
// and start states overlap with accelerated states does not mean that
// match and start states overlap with each other. In fact, they are
// guaranteed not to overlap.
//
// As a special mention, every DFA always has a dead and a quit state, even
// though from the perspective of the DFA, they are equivalent. (Indeed,
// minimization special cases them to ensure they don't get merged.) The
// purpose of keeping them distinct is to use the quit state as a sentinel to
// distguish between whether a search finished successfully without finding
// anything or whether it gave up before finishing.
//
// So the main problem we want to solve here is the *fast* detection of whether
// a state is special or not. And we also want to do this while storing as
// little extra data as possible. AND we want to be able to quickly determine
// which categories a state falls into above if it is special.
//
// We achieve this by essentially shuffling all special states to the beginning
// of a DFA. That is, all special states appear before every other non-special
// state. By representing special states this way, we can determine whether a
// state is special or not by a single comparison, where special.max is the
// identifier of the last special state in the DFA:
//
// if current_state <= special.max:
// ... do something with special state
//
// The only thing left to do is to determine what kind of special state
// it is. Because what we do next depends on that. Since special states
// are typically rare, we can afford to do a bit more extra work, but we'd
// still like this to be as fast as possible. The trick we employ here is to
// continue shuffling states even within the special state range. Such that
// one contiguous region corresponds to match states, another for start states
// and then an overlapping range for accelerated states. At a high level, our
// special state detection might look like this (for leftmost searching, where
// we continue searching even after seeing a match):
//
// byte = input[offset]
// current_state = next_state(current_state, byte)
// offset += 1
// if current_state <= special.max:
// if current_state == 0:
// # We can never leave a dead state, so this always marks the
// # end of our search.
// return last_match
// if current_state == special.quit_id:
// # A quit state means we give up. If he DFA has no quit state,
// # then special.quit_id == 0 == dead, which is handled by the
// # conditional above.
// return Err(MatchError::quit { byte, offset: offset - 1 })
// if special.min_match <= current_state <= special.max_match:
// last_match = Some(offset)
// if special.min_accel <= current_state <= special.max_accel:
// offset = accelerate(input, offset)
// last_match = Some(offset)
// elif special.min_start <= current_state <= special.max_start:
// offset = prefilter.find(input, offset)
// if special.min_accel <= current_state <= special.max_accel:
// offset = accelerate(input, offset)
// elif special.min_accel <= current_state <= special.max_accel:
// offset = accelerate(input, offset)
//
// There are some small details left out of the logic above. For example,
// in order to accelerate a state, we need to know which bytes to search for.
// This in turn implies some extra data we need to store in the DFA. To keep
// things compact, we would ideally only store
//
// N = special.max_accel - special.min_accel + 1
//
// items. But state IDs are premultiplied, which means they are not contiguous.
// So in order to take a state ID and index an array of accelerated structures,
// we need to do:
//
// i = (state_id - special.min_accel) / stride
//
// (N.B. 'stride' is always a power of 2, so the above can be implemented via
// '(state_id - special.min_accel) >> stride2', where 'stride2' is x in
// 2^x=stride.)
//
// Moreover, some of these specialty categories may be empty. For example,
// DFAs are not required to have any match states or any accelerated states.
// In that case, the lower and upper bounds are both set to 0 (the dead state
// ID) and the first `current_state == 0` check subsumes cases where the
// ranges are empty.
//
// Loop unrolling, if applicable, has also been left out of the logic above.
//
// Graphically, the ranges look like this, where asterisks indicate ranges
// that can be empty. Each 'x' is a state.
//
// quit
// dead|
// ||
// xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
// | | | | start | |
// | |-------------| |-------| |
// | match* | | | |
// | | | | |
// | |----------| | |
// | accel* | |
// | | |
// | | |
// |----------------------------|------------------------
// special non-special*
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Special {
/// The identifier of the last special state in a DFA. A state is special
/// if and only if its identifier is less than or equal to `max`.
pub(crate) max: StateID,
/// The identifier of the quit state in a DFA. (There is no analogous field
/// for the dead state since the dead state's ID is always zero, regardless
/// of state ID size.)
pub(crate) quit_id: StateID,
/// The identifier of the first match state.
pub(crate) min_match: StateID,
/// The identifier of the last match state.
pub(crate) max_match: StateID,
/// The identifier of the first accelerated state.
pub(crate) min_accel: StateID,
/// The identifier of the last accelerated state.
pub(crate) max_accel: StateID,
/// The identifier of the first start state.
pub(crate) min_start: StateID,
/// The identifier of the last start state.
pub(crate) max_start: StateID,
}
impl Special {
/// Creates a new set of special ranges for a DFA. All ranges are initially
/// set to only contain the dead state. This is interpreted as an empty
/// range.
#[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")]
pub(crate) fn new() -> Special {
Special {
max: DEAD,
quit_id: DEAD,
min_match: DEAD,
max_match: DEAD,
min_accel: DEAD,
max_accel: DEAD,
min_start: DEAD,
max_start: DEAD,
}
}
/// Remaps all of the special state identifiers using the function given.
#[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")]
pub(crate) fn remap(&self, map: impl Fn(StateID) -> StateID) -> Special {
Special {
max: map(self.max),
quit_id: map(self.quit_id),
min_match: map(self.min_match),
max_match: map(self.max_match),
min_accel: map(self.min_accel),
max_accel: map(self.max_accel),
min_start: map(self.min_start),
max_start: map(self.max_start),
}
}
/// Deserialize the given bytes into special state ranges. If the slice
/// given is not big enough, then this returns an error. Similarly, if
/// any of the expected invariants around special state ranges aren't
/// upheld, an error is returned. Note that this does not guarantee that
/// the information returned is correct.
///
/// Upon success, this returns the number of bytes read in addition to the
/// special state IDs themselves.
pub(crate) fn from_bytes(
mut slice: &[u8],
) -> Result<(Special, usize), DeserializeError> {
wire::check_slice_len(slice, 8 * StateID::SIZE, "special states")?;
let mut nread = 0;
let mut read_id = |what| -> Result<StateID, DeserializeError> {
let (id, nr) = wire::try_read_state_id(slice, what)?;
nread += nr;
slice = &slice[StateID::SIZE..];
Ok(id)
};
let max = read_id("special max id")?;
let quit_id = read_id("special quit id")?;
let min_match = read_id("special min match id")?;
let max_match = read_id("special max match id")?;
let min_accel = read_id("special min accel id")?;
let max_accel = read_id("special max accel id")?;
let min_start = read_id("special min start id")?;
let max_start = read_id("special max start id")?;
let special = Special {
max,
quit_id,
min_match,
max_match,
min_accel,
max_accel,
min_start,
max_start,
};
special.validate()?;
assert_eq!(nread, special.write_to_len());
Ok((special, nread))
}
/// Validate that the information describing special states satisfies
/// all known invariants.
pub(crate) fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), DeserializeError> {
// Check that both ends of the range are DEAD or neither are.
if self.min_match == DEAD && self.max_match != DEAD {
err!("min_match is DEAD, but max_match is not");
}
if self.min_match != DEAD && self.max_match == DEAD {
err!("max_match is DEAD, but min_match is not");
}
if self.min_accel == DEAD && self.max_accel != DEAD {
err!("min_accel is DEAD, but max_accel is not");
}
if self.min_accel != DEAD && self.max_accel == DEAD {
err!("max_accel is DEAD, but min_accel is not");
}
if self.min_start == DEAD && self.max_start != DEAD {
err!("min_start is DEAD, but max_start is not");
}
if self.min_start != DEAD && self.max_start == DEAD {
err!("max_start is DEAD, but min_start is not");
}
// Check that ranges are well formed.
if self.min_match > self.max_match {
err!("min_match should not be greater than max_match");
}
if self.min_accel > self.max_accel {
err!("min_accel should not be greater than max_accel");
}
if self.min_start > self.max_start {
err!("min_start should not be greater than max_start");
}
// Check that ranges are ordered with respect to one another.
if self.matches() && self.quit_id >= self.min_match {
err!("quit_id should not be greater than min_match");
}
if self.accels() && self.quit_id >= self.min_accel {
err!("quit_id should not be greater than min_accel");
}
if self.starts() && self.quit_id >= self.min_start {
err!("quit_id should not be greater than min_start");
}
if self.matches() && self.accels() && self.min_accel < self.min_match {
err!("min_match should not be greater than min_accel");
}
if self.matches() && self.starts() && self.min_start < self.min_match {
err!("min_match should not be greater than min_start");
}
if self.accels() && self.starts() && self.min_start < self.min_accel {
err!("min_accel should not be greater than min_start");
}
// Check that max is at least as big as everything else.
if self.max < self.quit_id {
err!("quit_id should not be greater than max");
}
if self.max < self.max_match {
err!("max_match should not be greater than max");
}
if self.max < self.max_accel {
err!("max_accel should not be greater than max");
}
if self.max < self.max_start {
err!("max_start should not be greater than max");
}
Ok(())
}
/// Validate that the special state information is compatible with the
/// given state len.
pub(crate) fn validate_state_len(
&self,
len: usize,
stride2: usize,
) -> Result<(), DeserializeError> {
// We assume that 'validate' has already passed, so we know that 'max'
// is truly the max. So all we need to check is that the max state ID
// is less than the state ID len. The max legal value here is len-1,
// which occurs when there are no non-special states.
if (self.max.as_usize() >> stride2) >= len {
err!("max should not be greater than or equal to state length");
}
Ok(())
}
/// Write the IDs and ranges for special states to the given byte buffer.
/// The buffer given must have enough room to store all data, otherwise
/// this will return an error. The number of bytes written is returned
/// on success. The number of bytes written is guaranteed to be a multiple
/// of 8.
pub(crate) fn write_to<E: Endian>(
&self,
dst: &mut [u8],
) -> Result<usize, SerializeError> {
use crate::util::wire::write_state_id as write;
if dst.len() < self.write_to_len() {
return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small("special state ids"));
}
let mut nwrite = 0;
nwrite += write::<E>(self.max, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.quit_id, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.min_match, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.max_match, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.min_accel, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.max_accel, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.min_start, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
nwrite += write::<E>(self.max_start, &mut dst[nwrite..]);
assert_eq!(
self.write_to_len(),
nwrite,
"expected to write certain number of bytes",
);
assert_eq!(
nwrite % 8,
0,
"expected to write multiple of 8 bytes for special states",
);
Ok(nwrite)
}
/// Returns the total number of bytes written by `write_to`.
pub(crate) fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize {
8 * StateID::SIZE
}
/// Sets the maximum special state ID based on the current values. This
/// should be used once all possible state IDs are set.
#[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")]
pub(crate) fn set_max(&mut self) {
use core::cmp::max;
self.max = max(
self.quit_id,
max(self.max_match, max(self.max_accel, self.max_start)),
);
}
/// Sets the maximum special state ID such that starting states are not
/// considered "special." This also marks the min/max starting states as
/// DEAD such that 'is_start_state' always returns false, even if the state
/// is actually a starting state.
///
/// This is useful when there is no prefilter set. It will avoid
/// ping-ponging between the hot path in the DFA search code and the start
/// state handling code, which is typically only useful for executing a
/// prefilter.
#[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")]
pub(crate) fn set_no_special_start_states(&mut self) {
use core::cmp::max;
self.max = max(self.quit_id, max(self.max_match, self.max_accel));
self.min_start = DEAD;
self.max_start = DEAD;
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is a special state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_special_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
id <= self.max
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is a dead state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_dead_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
id == DEAD
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is a quit state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_quit_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
!self.is_dead_state(id) && self.quit_id == id
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is a match state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_match_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
!self.is_dead_state(id) && self.min_match <= id && id <= self.max_match
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is an accel state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_accel_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
!self.is_dead_state(id) && self.min_accel <= id && id <= self.max_accel
}
/// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is a start state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_start_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool {
!self.is_dead_state(id) && self.min_start <= id && id <= self.max_start
}
/// Returns the total number of match states for a dense table based DFA.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn match_len(&self, stride: usize) -> usize {
if self.matches() {
(self.max_match.as_usize() - self.min_match.as_usize() + stride)
/ stride
} else {
0
}
}
/// Returns true if and only if there is at least one match state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn matches(&self) -> bool {
self.min_match != DEAD
}
/// Returns the total number of accel states.
#[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")]
pub(crate) fn accel_len(&self, stride: usize) -> usize {
if self.accels() {
(self.max_accel.as_usize() - self.min_accel.as_usize() + stride)
/ stride
} else {
0
}
}
/// Returns true if and only if there is at least one accel state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn accels(&self) -> bool {
self.min_accel != DEAD
}
/// Returns true if and only if there is at least one start state.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn starts(&self) -> bool {
self.min_start != DEAD
}
}
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