cpython/Python/instrumentation.c

#include "Python.h"

#include "opcode_ids.h"

#include "pycore_bitutils.h"      // _Py_popcount32
#include "pycore_call.h"
#include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_BITS
#include "pycore_code.h"          // _PyCode_Clear_Executors()
#include "pycore_critical_section.h"
#include "pycore_frame.h"
#include "pycore_interp.h"
#include "pycore_long.h"
#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyModule_CreateInitialized()
#include "pycore_namespace.h"
#include "pycore_object.h"
#include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // IS_VALID_OPCODE, _PyOpcode_Caches
#include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h" // FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINTPTR_RELEASE
#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
#include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()

/* Uncomment this to dump debugging output when assertions fail */
// #define INSTRUMENT_DEBUG 1

#if defined(Py_DEBUG) && defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)

#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_LOCKED …
#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED …

#else

#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_LOCKED(obj) …
#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED() …

#endif

#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED

#define LOCK_CODE …

#define UNLOCK_CODE …

#else

#define LOCK_CODE(code) …
#define UNLOCK_CODE() …

#endif

PyObject _PyInstrumentation_DISABLE = …;

PyObject _PyInstrumentation_MISSING = …;

static const int8_t EVENT_FOR_OPCODE[256] = …;

static const uint8_t DE_INSTRUMENT[256] = …;

static const uint8_t INSTRUMENTED_OPCODES[256] = …;

static inline bool
opcode_has_event(int opcode)
{ … }

static inline bool
is_instrumented(int opcode)
{ … }

#ifndef NDEBUG
static inline bool
monitors_equals(_Py_LocalMonitors a, _Py_LocalMonitors b)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < _PY_MONITORING_LOCAL_EVENTS; i++) {
        if (a.tools[i] != b.tools[i]) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
#endif

static inline _Py_LocalMonitors
monitors_sub(_Py_LocalMonitors a, _Py_LocalMonitors b)
{ … }

#ifndef NDEBUG
static inline _Py_LocalMonitors
monitors_and(_Py_LocalMonitors a, _Py_LocalMonitors b)
{
    _Py_LocalMonitors res;
    for (int i = 0; i < _PY_MONITORING_LOCAL_EVENTS; i++) {
        res.tools[i] = a.tools[i] & b.tools[i];
    }
    return res;
}
#endif

/* The union of the *local* events in a and b.
 * Global events like RAISE are ignored.
 * Used for instrumentation, as only local
 * events get instrumented.
 */
static inline _Py_LocalMonitors
local_union(_Py_GlobalMonitors a, _Py_LocalMonitors b)
{ … }

static inline bool
monitors_are_empty(_Py_LocalMonitors m)
{ … }

static inline bool
multiple_tools(_Py_LocalMonitors *m)
{ … }

static inline _PyMonitoringEventSet
get_local_events(_Py_LocalMonitors *m, int tool_id)
{ … }

static inline _PyMonitoringEventSet
get_events(_Py_GlobalMonitors *m, int tool_id)
{ … }

/* Line delta.
 * 8 bit value.
 * if line_delta == -128:
 *     line = None # represented as -1
 * elif line_delta == -127 or line_delta == -126:
 *     line = PyCode_Addr2Line(code, offset * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT));
 * else:
 *     line = first_line  + (offset >> OFFSET_SHIFT) + line_delta;
 */

#define NO_LINE …
#define COMPUTED_LINE_LINENO_CHANGE …
#define COMPUTED_LINE …

#define OFFSET_SHIFT …

static int8_t
compute_line_delta(PyCodeObject *code, int offset, int line)
{ … }

static int
compute_line(PyCodeObject *code, int offset, int8_t line_delta)
{ … }

int
_PyInstruction_GetLength(PyCodeObject *code, int offset)
{ … }

#ifdef INSTRUMENT_DEBUG

static void
dump_instrumentation_data_tools(PyCodeObject *code, uint8_t *tools, int i, FILE*out)
{
    if (tools == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, "tools = NULL");
    }
    else {
        fprintf(out, "tools = %d", tools[i]);
    }
}

static void
dump_instrumentation_data_lines(PyCodeObject *code, _PyCoLineInstrumentationData *lines, int i, FILE*out)
{
    if (lines == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, ", lines = NULL");
    }
    else if (lines[i].original_opcode == 0) {
        fprintf(out, ", lines = {original_opcode = No LINE (0), line_delta = %d)", lines[i].line_delta);
    }
    else {
        fprintf(out, ", lines = {original_opcode = %s, line_delta = %d)", _PyOpcode_OpName[lines[i].original_opcode], lines[i].line_delta);
    }
}

static void
dump_instrumentation_data_line_tools(PyCodeObject *code, uint8_t *line_tools, int i, FILE*out)
{
    if (line_tools == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, ", line_tools = NULL");
    }
    else {
        fprintf(out, ", line_tools = %d", line_tools[i]);
    }
}

static void
dump_instrumentation_data_per_instruction(PyCodeObject *code, _PyCoMonitoringData *data, int i, FILE*out)
{
    if (data->per_instruction_opcodes == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, ", per-inst opcode = NULL");
    }
    else {
        fprintf(out, ", per-inst opcode = %s", _PyOpcode_OpName[data->per_instruction_opcodes[i]]);
    }
    if (data->per_instruction_tools == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, ", per-inst tools = NULL");
    }
    else {
        fprintf(out, ", per-inst tools = %d", data->per_instruction_tools[i]);
    }
}

static void
dump_global_monitors(const char *prefix, _Py_GlobalMonitors monitors, FILE*out)
{
    fprintf(out, "%s monitors:\n", prefix);
    for (int event = 0; event < _PY_MONITORING_UNGROUPED_EVENTS; event++) {
        fprintf(out, "    Event %d: Tools %x\n", event, monitors.tools[event]);
    }
}

static void
dump_local_monitors(const char *prefix, _Py_LocalMonitors monitors, FILE*out)
{
    fprintf(out, "%s monitors:\n", prefix);
    for (int event = 0; event < _PY_MONITORING_LOCAL_EVENTS; event++) {
        fprintf(out, "    Event %d: Tools %x\n", event, monitors.tools[event]);
    }
}

/* No error checking -- Don't use this for anything but experimental debugging */
static void
dump_instrumentation_data(PyCodeObject *code, int star, FILE*out)
{
    _PyCoMonitoringData *data = code->_co_monitoring;
    fprintf(out, "\n");
    PyObject_Print(code->co_name, out, Py_PRINT_RAW);
    fprintf(out, "\n");
    if (data == NULL) {
        fprintf(out, "NULL\n");
        return;
    }
    dump_global_monitors("Global", _PyInterpreterState_GET()->monitors, out);
    dump_local_monitors("Code", data->local_monitors, out);
    dump_local_monitors("Active", data->active_monitors, out);
    int code_len = (int)Py_SIZE(code);
    bool starred = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < code_len; i += _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i)) {
        _Py_CODEUNIT *instr = &_PyCode_CODE(code)[i];
        int opcode = instr->op.code;
        if (i == star) {
            fprintf(out, "**  ");
            starred = true;
        }
        fprintf(out, "Offset: %d, line: %d %s: ", i, PyCode_Addr2Line(code, i*2), _PyOpcode_OpName[opcode]);
        dump_instrumentation_data_tools(code, data->tools, i, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_lines(code, data->lines, i, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_line_tools(code, data->line_tools, i, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_per_instruction(code, data, i, out);
        fprintf(out, "\n");
        ;
    }
    if (!starred && star >= 0) {
        fprintf(out, "Error offset not at valid instruction offset: %d\n", star);
        fprintf(out, "    ");
        dump_instrumentation_data_tools(code, data->tools, star, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_lines(code, data->lines, star, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_line_tools(code, data->line_tools, star, out);
        dump_instrumentation_data_per_instruction(code, data, star, out);
        fprintf(out, "\n");
    }
}

#define CHECK …

static bool
valid_opcode(int opcode)
{
    if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LINE) {
        return true;
    }
    if (IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) &&
        opcode != CACHE &&
        opcode != RESERVED &&
        opcode < 255)
    {
       return true;
    }
    return false;
}

static void
sanity_check_instrumentation(PyCodeObject *code)
{
    ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_LOCKED(code);

    _PyCoMonitoringData *data = code->_co_monitoring;
    if (data == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    _Py_GlobalMonitors global_monitors = _PyInterpreterState_GET()->monitors;
    _Py_LocalMonitors active_monitors;
    if (code->_co_monitoring) {
        _Py_LocalMonitors local_monitors = code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors;
        active_monitors = local_union(global_monitors, local_monitors);
    }
    else {
        _Py_LocalMonitors empty = (_Py_LocalMonitors) { 0 };
        active_monitors = local_union(global_monitors, empty);
    }
    assert(monitors_equals(
        code->_co_monitoring->active_monitors,
        active_monitors));
    int code_len = (int)Py_SIZE(code);
    for (int i = 0; i < code_len;) {
        _Py_CODEUNIT *instr = &_PyCode_CODE(code)[i];
        int opcode = instr->op.code;
        int base_opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, offset).op.code;
        CHECK(valid_opcode(opcode));
        CHECK(valid_opcode(base_opcode));
        if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
            opcode = data->per_instruction_opcodes[i];
            if (!is_instrumented(opcode)) {
                CHECK(_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode] == opcode);
            }
        }
        if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LINE) {
            CHECK(data->lines);
            CHECK(valid_opcode(data->lines[i].original_opcode));
            opcode = data->lines[i].original_opcode;
            CHECK(opcode != END_FOR);
            CHECK(opcode != RESUME);
            CHECK(opcode != RESUME_CHECK);
            CHECK(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_RESUME);
            if (!is_instrumented(opcode)) {
                CHECK(_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode] == opcode);
            }
            CHECK(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_LINE);
        }
        else if (data->lines) {
            /* If original_opcode is INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION
             * *and* we are executing a INSTRUMENTED_LINE instruction
             * that has de-instrumented itself, then we will execute
             * an invalid INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION */
            CHECK(data->lines[i].original_opcode != INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION);
        }
        if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
            CHECK(data->per_instruction_opcodes[i] != 0);
            opcode = data->per_instruction_opcodes[i];
        }
        if (is_instrumented(opcode)) {
            CHECK(DE_INSTRUMENT[opcode] == base_opcode);
            int event = EVENT_FOR_OPCODE[DE_INSTRUMENT[opcode]];
            if (event < 0) {
                /* RESUME fixup */
                event = instr->op.arg ? 1: 0;
            }
            CHECK(active_monitors.tools[event] != 0);
        }
        if (data->lines && base_opcode != END_FOR) {
            int line1 = compute_line(code, i, data->lines[i].line_delta);
            int line2 = PyCode_Addr2Line(code, i*sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT));
            CHECK(line1 == line2);
        }
        CHECK(valid_opcode(opcode));
        if (data->tools) {
            uint8_t local_tools = data->tools[i];
            if (opcode_has_event(base_opcode)) {
                int event = EVENT_FOR_OPCODE[base_opcode];
                if (event == -1) {
                    /* RESUME fixup */
                    event = _PyCode_CODE(code)[i].op.arg;
                }
                CHECK((active_monitors.tools[event] & local_tools) == local_tools);
            }
            else {
                CHECK(local_tools == 0xff);
            }
        }
        i += _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i);
        assert(i <= code_len);
    }
}
#else

#define CHECK(test) …

#endif

/* Get the underlying code unit, stripping instrumentation and ENTER_EXECUTOR */
_Py_CODEUNIT
_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }

static void
de_instrument(PyCodeObject *code, int i, int event)
{ … }

static void
de_instrument_line(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }

static void
de_instrument_per_instruction(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }


static void
instrument(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }

static void
instrument_line(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }

static void
instrument_per_instruction(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
{ … }

static void
remove_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int event, int tools)
{ … }

#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool
tools_is_subset_for_event(PyCodeObject * code, int event, int tools)
{
    int global_tools = _PyInterpreterState_GET()->monitors.tools[event];
    int local_tools = code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors.tools[event];
    return tools == ((global_tools | local_tools) & tools);
}
#endif

static void
remove_line_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int tools)
{ … }

static void
add_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int event, int tools)
{ … }

static void
add_line_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int tools)
{ … }


static void
add_per_instruction_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int tools)
{ … }


static void
remove_per_instruction_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int tools)
{ … }


/* Return 1 if DISABLE returned, -1 if error, 0 otherwise */
static int
call_one_instrument(
    PyInterpreterState *interp, PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **args,
    size_t nargsf, int8_t tool, int event)
{ … }

static const int8_t MOST_SIGNIFICANT_BITS[16] = …;

/* We could use _Py_bit_length here, but that is designed for larger (32/64)
 * bit ints, and can perform relatively poorly on platforms without the
 * necessary intrinsics. */
static inline int most_significant_bit(uint8_t bits) { … }

static uint32_t
global_version(PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

/* Atomically set the given version in the given location, without touching
   anything in _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK. */
static void
set_version_raw(uintptr_t *ptr, uint32_t version)
{ … }

static void
set_global_version(PyThreadState *tstate, uint32_t version)
{ … }

static bool
is_version_up_to_date(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool
instrumentation_cross_checks(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyCodeObject *code)
{
    ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_LOCKED(code);
    _Py_LocalMonitors expected = local_union(
        interp->monitors,
        code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors);
    return monitors_equals(code->_co_monitoring->active_monitors, expected);
}

static int
debug_check_sanity(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyCodeObject *code)
{
    int res;
    LOCK_CODE(code);
    res = is_version_up_to_date(code, interp) &&
          instrumentation_cross_checks(interp, code);
    UNLOCK_CODE();
    return res;
}

#endif

static inline uint8_t
get_tools_for_instruction(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp, int i, int event)
{ … }

static const char *const event_names [] = …;

static int
call_instrumentation_vector(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *args[])
{ … }

int
_Py_call_instrumentation(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
{ … }

int
_Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *arg)
{ … }

int
_Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *arg0, PyObject *arg1)
{ … }

_Py_CODEUNIT *
_Py_call_instrumentation_jump(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _Py_CODEUNIT *target)
{ … }

static void
call_instrumentation_vector_protected(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *args[])
{ … }

void
_Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
    PyThreadState *tstate, int event,
    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *arg0, PyObject *arg1)
{ … }


int
_Py_Instrumentation_GetLine(PyCodeObject *code, int index)
{ … }

int
_Py_call_instrumentation_line(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame* frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _Py_CODEUNIT *prev)
{ … }

int
_Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame* frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
{ … }


PyObject *
_PyMonitoring_RegisterCallback(int tool_id, int event_id, PyObject *obj)
{ … }

static void
initialize_tools(PyCodeObject *code)
{ … }

#define NO_LINE …

static void
initialize_lines(PyCodeObject *code)
{ … }

static void
initialize_line_tools(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_LocalMonitors *all_events)
{ … }

static int
allocate_instrumentation_data(PyCodeObject *code)
{ … }

static int
update_instrumentation_data(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

static int
force_instrument_lock_held(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

static int
instrument_lock_held(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

int
_Py_Instrument(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
{ … }

#define C_RETURN_EVENTS …

#define C_CALL_EVENTS …


static int
instrument_all_executing_code_objects(PyInterpreterState *interp) { … }

static void
set_events(_Py_GlobalMonitors *m, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet events)
{ … }

static void
set_local_events(_Py_LocalMonitors *m, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet events)
{ … }

static int
check_tool(PyInterpreterState *interp, int tool_id)
{ … }

/* We share the eval-breaker with flags, so the monitoring
 * version goes in the top 24 bits */
#define MONITORING_VERSION_INCREMENT …

int
_PyMonitoring_SetEvents(int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet events)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_SetLocalEvents(PyCodeObject *code, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet events)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_GetLocalEvents(PyCodeObject *code, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet *events)
{ … }

int _PyMonitoring_ClearToolId(int tool_id)
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
module monitoring
[clinic start generated code]*/
/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=37257f5987a360cf]*/
/*[clinic end generated code]*/

#include "clinic/instrumentation.c.h"

static int
check_valid_tool(int tool_id)
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.use_tool_id

    tool_id: int
    name: object
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_use_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id, PyObject *name)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=30d76dc92b7cd653 input=ebc453761c621be1]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.clear_tool_id

    tool_id: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_clear_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=04defc23470b1be7 input=af643d6648a66163]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.free_tool_id

    tool_id: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_free_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=86c2d2a1219a8591 input=a23fb6be3a8618e9]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.get_tool

    tool_id: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_get_tool_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=1c05a98b404a9a16 input=eeee9bebd0bcae9d]*/

/*[clinic end generated code]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.register_callback


    tool_id: int
    event: int
    func: object
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_register_callback_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id, int event,
                                  PyObject *func)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=e64daa363004030c input=df6d70ea4cf81007]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.get_events -> int

    tool_id: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static int
monitoring_get_events_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=4450cc13f826c8c0 input=a64b238f76c4b2f7]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.set_events

    tool_id: int
    event_set: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_set_events_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id, int event_set)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=1916c1e49cfb5bdb input=a77ba729a242142b]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.get_local_events -> int

    tool_id: int
    code: object
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static int
monitoring_get_local_events_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id,
                                 PyObject *code)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=d3e92c1c9c1de8f9 input=bb0f927530386a94]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.set_local_events

    tool_id: int
    code: object
    event_set: int
    /

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_set_local_events_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id,
                                 PyObject *code, int event_set)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=68cc755a65dfea99 input=5655ecd78d937a29]*/
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring.restart_events

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring_restart_events_impl(PyObject *module)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=e025dd5ba33314c4 input=add8a855063c8008]*/
{ … }

static int
add_power2_constant(PyObject *obj, const char *name, int i)
{ … }

/*[clinic input]
monitoring._all_events
[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *
monitoring__all_events_impl(PyObject *module)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=6b7581e2dbb690f6 input=62ee9672c17b7f0e]*/
{ … }

static PyMethodDef methods[] = …;

static struct PyModuleDef monitoring_module = …;

PyObject *_Py_CreateMonitoringObject(void)
{ … }


static int
capi_call_instrumentation(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                          PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs, int event)
{ … }

int
PyMonitoring_EnterScope(PyMonitoringState *state_array, uint64_t *version,
                         const uint8_t *event_types, Py_ssize_t length)
{ … }

int
PyMonitoring_ExitScope(void)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyStartEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyResumeEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }



int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyReturnEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                                PyObject* retval)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyYieldEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                               PyObject* retval)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireCallEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                            PyObject* callable, PyObject *arg0)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireLineEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                            int lineno)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireJumpEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                            PyObject *target_offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireBranchEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                              PyObject *target_offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireCReturnEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset,
                               PyObject *retval)
{ … }

static inline int
exception_event_setup(PyObject **exc, int event) { … }


static inline int
exception_event_teardown(int err, PyObject *exc) { … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyThrowEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireRaiseEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireCRaiseEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireReraiseEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireExceptionHandledEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FirePyUnwindEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset)
{ … }

int
_PyMonitoring_FireStopIterationEvent(PyMonitoringState *state, PyObject *codelike, int32_t offset, PyObject *value)
{ … }