// The PyObject_ memory family: high-level object memory interfaces. // See pymem.h for the low-level PyMem_ family. #ifndef Py_OBJIMPL_H #define Py_OBJIMPL_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* BEWARE: Each interface exports both functions and macros. Extension modules should use the functions, to ensure binary compatibility across Python versions. Because the Python implementation is free to change internal details, and the macros may (or may not) expose details for speed, if you do use the macros you must recompile your extensions with each Python release. Never mix calls to PyObject_ memory functions with calls to the platform malloc/realloc/ calloc/free, or with calls to PyMem_. */ /* Functions and macros for modules that implement new object types. - PyObject_New(type, typeobj) allocates memory for a new object of the given type, and initializes part of it. 'type' must be the C structure type used to represent the object, and 'typeobj' the address of the corresponding type object. Reference count and type pointer are filled in; the rest of the bytes of the object are *undefined*! The resulting expression type is 'type *'. The size of the object is determined by the tp_basicsize field of the type object. - PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) is similar but allocates a variable-size object with room for n items. In addition to the refcount and type pointer fields, this also fills in the ob_size field. - PyObject_Free(op) releases the memory allocated for an object. It does not run a destructor -- it only frees the memory. - PyObject_Init(op, typeobj) and PyObject_InitVar(op, typeobj, n) don't allocate memory. Instead of a 'type' parameter, they take a pointer to a new object (allocated by an arbitrary allocator), and initialize its object header fields. Note that objects created with PyObject_{New, NewVar} are allocated using the specialized Python allocator (implemented in obmalloc.c), if WITH_PYMALLOC is enabled. In addition, a special debugging allocator is used if Py_DEBUG macro is also defined. In case a specific form of memory management is needed (for example, if you must use the platform malloc heap(s), or shared memory, or C++ local storage or operator new), you must first allocate the object with your custom allocator, then pass its pointer to PyObject_{Init, InitVar} for filling in its Python- specific fields: reference count, type pointer, possibly others. You should be aware that Python has no control over these objects because they don't cooperate with the Python memory manager. Such objects may not be eligible for automatic garbage collection and you have to make sure that they are released accordingly whenever their destructor gets called (cf. the specific form of memory management you're using). Unless you have specific memory management requirements, use PyObject_{New, NewVar, Del}. */ /* * Raw object memory interface * =========================== */ /* Functions to call the same malloc/realloc/free as used by Python's object allocator. If WITH_PYMALLOC is enabled, these may differ from the platform malloc/realloc/free. The Python object allocator is designed for fast, cache-conscious allocation of many "small" objects, and with low hidden memory overhead. PyObject_Malloc(0) returns a unique non-NULL pointer if possible. PyObject_Realloc(NULL, n) acts like PyObject_Malloc(n). PyObject_Realloc(p != NULL, 0) does not return NULL, or free the memory at p. Returned pointers must be checked for NULL explicitly; no action is performed on failure other than to return NULL (no warning it printed, no exception is set, etc). For allocating objects, use PyObject_{New, NewVar} instead whenever possible. The PyObject_{Malloc, Realloc, Free} family is exposed so that you can exploit Python's small-block allocator for non-object uses. If you must use these routines to allocate object memory, make sure the object gets initialized via PyObject_{Init, InitVar} after obtaining the raw memory. */ PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_Malloc(size_t size); #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x03050000 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_Calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); #endif PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_Realloc(void *ptr, size_t new_size); PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_Free(void *ptr); // Deprecated aliases only kept for backward compatibility. // PyObject_Del and PyObject_DEL are defined with no parameter to be able to // use them as function pointers (ex: tp_free = PyObject_Del). #define PyObject_MALLOC … #define PyObject_REALLOC … #define PyObject_FREE … #define PyObject_Del … #define PyObject_DEL … /* * Generic object allocator interface * ================================== */ /* Functions */ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Init(PyObject *, PyTypeObject *); PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) PyObject_InitVar(PyVarObject *, PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t); #define PyObject_INIT(op, typeobj) … #define PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, typeobj, size) … PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_New(PyTypeObject *); PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t); #define PyObject_New(type, typeobj) … // Alias to PyObject_New(). In Python 3.8, PyObject_NEW() called directly // PyObject_MALLOC() with _PyObject_SIZE(). #define PyObject_NEW(type, typeobj) … #define PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) … // Alias to PyObject_NewVar(). In Python 3.8, PyObject_NEW_VAR() called // directly PyObject_MALLOC() with _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(). #define PyObject_NEW_VAR(type, typeobj, n) … /* * Garbage Collection Support * ========================== */ /* C equivalent of gc.collect(). */ PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyGC_Collect(void); /* C API for controlling the state of the garbage collector */ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyGC_Enable(void); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyGC_Disable(void); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyGC_IsEnabled(void); /* Test if a type has a GC head */ #define PyType_IS_GC(t) … PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_Resize(PyVarObject *, Py_ssize_t); #define PyObject_GC_Resize(type, op, n) … PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_GC_New(PyTypeObject *); PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t); /* Tell the GC to track this object. * * See also private _PyObject_GC_TRACK() macro. */ PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_Track(void *); /* Tell the GC to stop tracking this object. * * See also private _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK() macro. */ PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_UnTrack(void *); PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_Del(void *); #define PyObject_GC_New(type, typeobj) … #define PyObject_GC_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) … PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GC_IsTracked(PyObject *); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GC_IsFinalized(PyObject *); /* Utility macro to help write tp_traverse functions. * To use this macro, the tp_traverse function must name its arguments * "visit" and "arg". This is intended to keep tp_traverse functions * looking as much alike as possible. */ #define Py_VISIT(op) … #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API #define Py_CPYTHON_OBJIMPL_H # include "cpython/objimpl.h" # undef Py_CPYTHON_OBJIMPL_H #endif #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif // !Py_OBJIMPL_H
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