import builtins
import copyreg
import gc
import itertools
import math
import pickle
import random
import string
import sys
import types
import unittest
import warnings
import weakref
from copy import deepcopy
from contextlib import redirect_stdout
from test import support
try:
import _testcapi
except ImportError:
_testcapi = None
try:
import xxsubtype
except ImportError:
xxsubtype = None
class OperatorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.binops = {
'add': '+',
'sub': '-',
'mul': '*',
'matmul': '@',
'truediv': '/',
'floordiv': '//',
'divmod': 'divmod',
'pow': '**',
'lshift': '<<',
'rshift': '>>',
'and': '&',
'xor': '^',
'or': '|',
'cmp': 'cmp',
'lt': '<',
'le': '<=',
'eq': '==',
'ne': '!=',
'gt': '>',
'ge': '>=',
}
for name, expr in list(self.binops.items()):
if expr.islower():
expr = expr + "(a, b)"
else:
expr = 'a %s b' % expr
self.binops[name] = expr
self.unops = {
'pos': '+',
'neg': '-',
'abs': 'abs',
'invert': '~',
'int': 'int',
'float': 'float',
}
for name, expr in list(self.unops.items()):
if expr.islower():
expr = expr + "(a)"
else:
expr = '%s a' % expr
self.unops[name] = expr
def unop_test(self, a, res, expr="len(a)", meth="__len__"):
d = {'a': a}
self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
t = type(a)
m = getattr(t, meth)
# Find method in parent class
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
self.assertEqual(m(a), res)
bm = getattr(a, meth)
self.assertEqual(bm(), res)
def binop_test(self, a, b, res, expr="a+b", meth="__add__"):
d = {'a': a, 'b': b}
self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
t = type(a)
m = getattr(t, meth)
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
self.assertEqual(m(a, b), res)
bm = getattr(a, meth)
self.assertEqual(bm(b), res)
def sliceop_test(self, a, b, c, res, expr="a[b:c]", meth="__getitem__"):
d = {'a': a, 'b': b, 'c': c}
self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
t = type(a)
m = getattr(t, meth)
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
self.assertEqual(m(a, slice(b, c)), res)
bm = getattr(a, meth)
self.assertEqual(bm(slice(b, c)), res)
def setop_test(self, a, b, res, stmt="a+=b", meth="__iadd__"):
d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b}
exec(stmt, d)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
t = type(a)
m = getattr(t, meth)
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
m(d['a'], b)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
bm(b)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
def set2op_test(self, a, b, c, res, stmt="a[b]=c", meth="__setitem__"):
d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c}
exec(stmt, d)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
t = type(a)
m = getattr(t, meth)
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
m(d['a'], b, c)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
bm(b, c)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
def setsliceop_test(self, a, b, c, d, res, stmt="a[b:c]=d", meth="__setitem__"):
dictionary = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c, 'd': d}
exec(stmt, dictionary)
self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
t = type(a)
while meth not in t.__dict__:
t = t.__bases__[0]
m = getattr(t, meth)
# in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
# method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
m(dictionary['a'], slice(b, c), d)
self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
bm = getattr(dictionary['a'], meth)
bm(slice(b, c), d)
self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
def test_lists(self):
# Testing list operations...
# Asserts are within individual test methods
self.binop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+b", "__add__")
self.binop_test([1,2,3], 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test([1,2,3], 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test([1,2,3], 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
self.sliceop_test([1,2,3], 0, 2, [1,2], "a[b:c]", "__getitem__")
self.setop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+=b", "__iadd__")
self.setop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*=b", "__imul__")
self.unop_test([1,2,3], 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*b", "__mul__")
self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "b*a", "__rmul__")
self.set2op_test([1,2], 1, 3, [1,3], "a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
self.setsliceop_test([1,2,3,4], 1, 3, [5,6], [1,5,6,4], "a[b:c]=d",
"__setitem__")
def test_dicts(self):
# Testing dict operations...
self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
d = {1:2, 3:4}
l1 = []
for i in list(d.keys()):
l1.append(i)
l = []
for i in iter(d):
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
l = []
for i in d.__iter__():
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
l = []
for i in dict.__iter__(d):
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
d = {1:2, 3:4}
self.unop_test(d, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
self.assertEqual(eval(repr(d), {}), d)
self.assertEqual(eval(d.__repr__(), {}), d)
self.set2op_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 3, {1:2,2:3,3:4}, "a[b]=c",
"__setitem__")
# Tests for unary and binary operators
def number_operators(self, a, b, skip=[]):
dict = {'a': a, 'b': b}
for name, expr in self.binops.items():
if name not in skip:
name = "__%s__" % name
if hasattr(a, name):
res = eval(expr, dict)
self.binop_test(a, b, res, expr, name)
for name, expr in list(self.unops.items()):
if name not in skip:
name = "__%s__" % name
if hasattr(a, name):
res = eval(expr, dict)
self.unop_test(a, res, expr, name)
def test_ints(self):
# Testing int operations...
self.number_operators(100, 3)
# The following crashes in Python 2.2
self.assertEqual((1).__bool__(), 1)
self.assertEqual((0).__bool__(), 0)
# This returns 'NotImplemented' in Python 2.2
class C(int):
def __add__(self, other):
return NotImplemented
self.assertEqual(C(5), 5)
try:
C() + ""
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("NotImplemented should have caused TypeError")
def test_floats(self):
# Testing float operations...
self.number_operators(100.0, 3.0)
def test_complexes(self):
# Testing complex operations...
self.number_operators(100.0j, 3.0j, skip=['lt', 'le', 'gt', 'ge',
'int', 'float',
'floordiv', 'divmod', 'mod'])
class Number(complex):
__slots__ = ['prec']
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
result = complex.__new__(cls, *args)
result.prec = kwds.get('prec', 12)
return result
def __repr__(self):
prec = self.prec
if self.imag == 0.0:
return "%.*g" % (prec, self.real)
if self.real == 0.0:
return "%.*gj" % (prec, self.imag)
return "(%.*g+%.*gj)" % (prec, self.real, prec, self.imag)
__str__ = __repr__
a = Number(3.14, prec=6)
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.14")
self.assertEqual(a.prec, 6)
a = Number(a, prec=2)
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.1")
self.assertEqual(a.prec, 2)
a = Number(234.5)
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "234.5")
self.assertEqual(a.prec, 12)
def test_explicit_reverse_methods(self):
# see issue 9930
self.assertEqual(complex.__radd__(3j, 4.0), complex(4.0, 3.0))
self.assertEqual(float.__rsub__(3.0, 1), -2.0)
@support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
@unittest.skipIf(xxsubtype is None, "requires xxsubtype module")
def test_spam_lists(self):
# Testing spamlist operations...
import copy, xxsubtype as spam
def spamlist(l, memo=None):
import xxsubtype as spam
return spam.spamlist(l)
# This is an ugly hack:
copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamlist] = spamlist
self.binop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+b",
"__add__")
self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
self.sliceop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 0, 2, spamlist([1,2]), "a[b:c]",
"__getitem__")
self.setop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+=b",
"__iadd__")
self.setop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*=b",
"__imul__")
self.unop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*b",
"__mul__")
self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "b*a",
"__rmul__")
self.set2op_test(spamlist([1,2]), 1, 3, spamlist([1,3]), "a[b]=c",
"__setitem__")
self.setsliceop_test(spamlist([1,2,3,4]), 1, 3, spamlist([5,6]),
spamlist([1,5,6,4]), "a[b:c]=d", "__setitem__")
# Test subclassing
class C(spam.spamlist):
def foo(self): return 1
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a, [])
self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
a.append(100)
self.assertEqual(a, [100])
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
a.setstate(42)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 42)
@support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
@unittest.skipIf(xxsubtype is None, "requires xxsubtype module")
def test_spam_dicts(self):
# Testing spamdict operations...
import copy, xxsubtype as spam
def spamdict(d, memo=None):
import xxsubtype as spam
sd = spam.spamdict()
for k, v in list(d.items()):
sd[k] = v
return sd
# This is an ugly hack:
copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamdict] = spamdict
self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
d = spamdict({1:2,3:4})
l1 = []
for i in list(d.keys()):
l1.append(i)
l = []
for i in iter(d):
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
l = []
for i in d.__iter__():
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
l = []
for i in type(spamdict({})).__iter__(d):
l.append(i)
self.assertEqual(l, l1)
straightd = {1:2, 3:4}
spamd = spamdict(straightd)
self.unop_test(spamd, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
self.unop_test(spamd, repr(straightd), "repr(a)", "__repr__")
self.set2op_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 3, spamdict({1:2,2:3,3:4}),
"a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
# Test subclassing
class C(spam.spamdict):
def foo(self): return 1
a = C()
self.assertEqual(list(a.items()), [])
self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
a['foo'] = 'bar'
self.assertEqual(list(a.items()), [('foo', 'bar')])
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
a.setstate(100)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 100)
def test_wrap_lenfunc_bad_cast(self):
self.assertEqual(range(sys.maxsize).__len__(), sys.maxsize)
class ClassPropertiesAndMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def assertHasAttr(self, obj, name):
self.assertTrue(hasattr(obj, name),
'%r has no attribute %r' % (obj, name))
def assertNotHasAttr(self, obj, name):
self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj, name),
'%r has unexpected attribute %r' % (obj, name))
def test_python_dicts(self):
# Testing Python subclass of dict...
self.assertTrue(issubclass(dict, dict))
self.assertIsInstance({}, dict)
d = dict()
self.assertEqual(d, {})
self.assertIs(d.__class__, dict)
self.assertIsInstance(d, dict)
class C(dict):
state = -1
def __init__(self_local, *a, **kw):
if a:
self.assertEqual(len(a), 1)
self_local.state = a[0]
if kw:
for k, v in list(kw.items()):
self_local[v] = k
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.get(key, 0)
def __setitem__(self_local, key, value):
self.assertIsInstance(key, int)
dict.__setitem__(self_local, key, value)
def setstate(self, state):
self.state = state
def getstate(self):
return self.state
self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, dict))
a1 = C(12)
self.assertEqual(a1.state, 12)
a2 = C(foo=1, bar=2)
self.assertEqual(a2[1] == 'foo' and a2[2], 'bar')
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.state, -1)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), -1)
a.setstate(0)
self.assertEqual(a.state, 0)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
a.setstate(10)
self.assertEqual(a.state, 10)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
self.assertEqual(a[42], 0)
a[42] = 24
self.assertEqual(a[42], 24)
N = 50
for i in range(N):
a[i] = C()
for j in range(N):
a[i][j] = i*j
for i in range(N):
for j in range(N):
self.assertEqual(a[i][j], i*j)
def test_python_lists(self):
# Testing Python subclass of list...
class C(list):
def __getitem__(self, i):
if isinstance(i, slice):
return i.start, i.stop
return list.__getitem__(self, i) + 100
a = C()
a.extend([0,1,2])
self.assertEqual(a[0], 100)
self.assertEqual(a[1], 101)
self.assertEqual(a[2], 102)
self.assertEqual(a[100:200], (100,200))
def test_metaclass(self):
# Testing metaclasses...
class C(metaclass=type):
def __init__(self):
self.__state = 0
def getstate(self):
return self.__state
def setstate(self, state):
self.__state = state
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
a.setstate(10)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
class _metaclass(type):
def myself(cls): return cls
class D(metaclass=_metaclass):
pass
self.assertEqual(D.myself(), D)
d = D()
self.assertEqual(d.__class__, D)
class M1(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
dict['__spam__'] = 1
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict)
class C(metaclass=M1):
pass
self.assertEqual(C.__spam__, 1)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(c.__spam__, 1)
class _instance(object):
pass
class M2(object):
@staticmethod
def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
self = object.__new__(cls)
self.name = name
self.bases = bases
self.dict = dict
return self
def __call__(self):
it = _instance()
# Early binding of methods
for key in self.dict:
if key.startswith("__"):
continue
setattr(it, key, self.dict[key].__get__(it, self))
return it
class C(metaclass=M2):
def spam(self):
return 42
self.assertEqual(C.name, 'C')
self.assertEqual(C.bases, ())
self.assertIn('spam', C.dict)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(c.spam(), 42)
# More metaclass examples
class autosuper(type):
# Automatically add __super to the class
# This trick only works for dynamic classes
def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
cls = super(autosuper, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
name, bases, dict)
# Name mangling for __super removes leading underscores
while name[:1] == "_":
name = name[1:]
if name:
name = "_%s__super" % name
else:
name = "__super"
setattr(cls, name, super(cls))
return cls
class A(metaclass=autosuper):
def meth(self):
return "A"
class B(A):
def meth(self):
return "B" + self.__super.meth()
class C(A):
def meth(self):
return "C" + self.__super.meth()
class D(C, B):
def meth(self):
return "D" + self.__super.meth()
self.assertEqual(D().meth(), "DCBA")
class E(B, C):
def meth(self):
return "E" + self.__super.meth()
self.assertEqual(E().meth(), "EBCA")
class autoproperty(type):
# Automatically create property attributes when methods
# named _get_x and/or _set_x are found
def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
hits = {}
for key, val in dict.items():
if key.startswith("_get_"):
key = key[5:]
get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
get = val
hits[key] = get, set
elif key.startswith("_set_"):
key = key[5:]
get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
set = val
hits[key] = get, set
for key, (get, set) in hits.items():
dict[key] = property(get, set)
return super(autoproperty, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
name, bases, dict)
class A(metaclass=autoproperty):
def _get_x(self):
return -self.__x
def _set_x(self, x):
self.__x = -x
a = A()
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
a.x = 12
self.assertEqual(a.x, 12)
self.assertEqual(a._A__x, -12)
class multimetaclass(autoproperty, autosuper):
# Merge of multiple cooperating metaclasses
pass
class A(metaclass=multimetaclass):
def _get_x(self):
return "A"
class B(A):
def _get_x(self):
return "B" + self.__super._get_x()
class C(A):
def _get_x(self):
return "C" + self.__super._get_x()
class D(C, B):
def _get_x(self):
return "D" + self.__super._get_x()
self.assertEqual(D().x, "DCBA")
# Make sure type(x) doesn't call x.__class__.__init__
class T(type):
counter = 0
def __init__(self, *args):
T.counter += 1
class C(metaclass=T):
pass
self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)
a = C()
self.assertEqual(type(a), C)
self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)
class C(object): pass
c = C()
try: c()
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("calling object w/o call method should raise "
"TypeError")
# Testing code to find most derived baseclass
class A(type):
def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
return type.__new__(*args, **kwargs)
class B(object):
pass
class C(object, metaclass=A):
pass
# The most derived metaclass of D is A rather than type.
class D(B, C):
pass
self.assertIs(A, type(D))
# issue1294232: correct metaclass calculation
new_calls = [] # to check the order of __new__ calls
class AMeta(type):
@staticmethod
def __new__(mcls, name, bases, ns):
new_calls.append('AMeta')
return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, ns)
@classmethod
def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
return {}
class BMeta(AMeta):
@staticmethod
def __new__(mcls, name, bases, ns):
new_calls.append('BMeta')
return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, ns)
@classmethod
def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
ns = super().__prepare__(name, bases)
ns['BMeta_was_here'] = True
return ns
class A(metaclass=AMeta):
pass
self.assertEqual(['AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
class B(metaclass=BMeta):
pass
# BMeta.__new__ calls AMeta.__new__ with super:
self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
class C(A, B):
pass
# The most derived metaclass is BMeta:
self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
# BMeta.__prepare__ should've been called:
self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', C.__dict__)
# The order of the bases shouldn't matter:
class C2(B, A):
pass
self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', C2.__dict__)
# Check correct metaclass calculation when a metaclass is declared:
class D(C, metaclass=type):
pass
self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', D.__dict__)
class E(C, metaclass=AMeta):
pass
self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', E.__dict__)
# Special case: the given metaclass isn't a class,
# so there is no metaclass calculation.
marker = object()
def func(*args, **kwargs):
return marker
class X(metaclass=func):
pass
class Y(object, metaclass=func):
pass
class Z(D, metaclass=func):
pass
self.assertIs(marker, X)
self.assertIs(marker, Y)
self.assertIs(marker, Z)
# The given metaclass is a class,
# but not a descendant of type.
prepare_calls = [] # to track __prepare__ calls
class ANotMeta:
def __new__(mcls, *args, **kwargs):
new_calls.append('ANotMeta')
return super().__new__(mcls)
@classmethod
def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
prepare_calls.append('ANotMeta')
return {}
class BNotMeta(ANotMeta):
def __new__(mcls, *args, **kwargs):
new_calls.append('BNotMeta')
return super().__new__(mcls)
@classmethod
def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
prepare_calls.append('BNotMeta')
return super().__prepare__(name, bases)
class A(metaclass=ANotMeta):
pass
self.assertIs(ANotMeta, type(A))
self.assertEqual(['ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
class B(metaclass=BNotMeta):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(B))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
class C(A, B):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(C))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
class C2(B, A):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(C2))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
# This is a TypeError, because of a metaclass conflict:
# BNotMeta is neither a subclass, nor a superclass of type
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class D(C, metaclass=type):
pass
class E(C, metaclass=ANotMeta):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(E))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
class F(object(), C):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(F))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
class F2(C, object()):
pass
self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(F2))
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
new_calls.clear()
self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
prepare_calls.clear()
# TypeError: BNotMeta is neither a
# subclass, nor a superclass of int
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(C, int()):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(int(), C):
pass
def test_module_subclasses(self):
# Testing Python subclass of module...
log = []
MT = type(sys)
class MM(MT):
def __init__(self, name):
MT.__init__(self, name)
def __getattribute__(self, name):
log.append(("getattr", name))
return MT.__getattribute__(self, name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
log.append(("setattr", name, value))
MT.__setattr__(self, name, value)
def __delattr__(self, name):
log.append(("delattr", name))
MT.__delattr__(self, name)
a = MM("a")
a.foo = 12
x = a.foo
del a.foo
self.assertEqual(log, [("setattr", "foo", 12),
("getattr", "foo"),
("delattr", "foo")])
# https://bugs.python.org/issue1174712
try:
class Module(types.ModuleType, str):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("inheriting from ModuleType and str at the same time "
"should fail")
# Issue 34805: Verify that definition order is retained
def random_name():
return ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters, k=10))
class A:
pass
subclasses = [type(random_name(), (A,), {}) for i in range(100)]
self.assertEqual(A.__subclasses__(), subclasses)
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
# Testing multiple inheritance...
class C(object):
def __init__(self):
self.__state = 0
def getstate(self):
return self.__state
def setstate(self, state):
self.__state = state
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
a.setstate(10)
self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
class D(dict, C):
def __init__(self):
dict.__init__(self)
C.__init__(self)
d = D()
self.assertEqual(list(d.keys()), [])
d["hello"] = "world"
self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), [("hello", "world")])
self.assertEqual(d["hello"], "world")
self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 0)
d.setstate(10)
self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 10)
self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, dict, C, object))
# SF bug #442833
class Node(object):
def __int__(self):
return int(self.foo())
def foo(self):
return "23"
class Frag(Node, list):
def foo(self):
return "42"
self.assertEqual(Node().__int__(), 23)
self.assertEqual(int(Node()), 23)
self.assertEqual(Frag().__int__(), 42)
self.assertEqual(int(Frag()), 42)
def test_diamond_inheritance(self):
# Testing multiple inheritance special cases...
class A(object):
def spam(self): return "A"
self.assertEqual(A().spam(), "A")
class B(A):
def boo(self): return "B"
def spam(self): return "B"
self.assertEqual(B().spam(), "B")
self.assertEqual(B().boo(), "B")
class C(A):
def boo(self): return "C"
self.assertEqual(C().spam(), "A")
self.assertEqual(C().boo(), "C")
class D(B, C): pass
self.assertEqual(D().spam(), "B")
self.assertEqual(D().boo(), "B")
self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, B, C, A, object))
class E(C, B): pass
self.assertEqual(E().spam(), "B")
self.assertEqual(E().boo(), "C")
self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, (E, C, B, A, object))
# MRO order disagreement
try:
class F(D, E): pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (F)")
try:
class G(E, D): pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (G)")
# see thread python-dev/2002-October/029035.html
def test_ex5_from_c3_switch(self):
# Testing ex5 from C3 switch discussion...
class A(object): pass
class B(object): pass
class C(object): pass
class X(A): pass
class Y(A): pass
class Z(X,B,Y,C): pass
self.assertEqual(Z.__mro__, (Z, X, B, Y, A, C, object))
# see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
# by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
def test_monotonicity(self):
# Testing MRO monotonicity...
class Boat(object): pass
class DayBoat(Boat): pass
class WheelBoat(Boat): pass
class EngineLess(DayBoat): pass
class SmallMultihull(DayBoat): pass
class PedalWheelBoat(EngineLess,WheelBoat): pass
class SmallCatamaran(SmallMultihull): pass
class Pedalo(PedalWheelBoat,SmallCatamaran): pass
self.assertEqual(PedalWheelBoat.__mro__,
(PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))
self.assertEqual(SmallCatamaran.__mro__,
(SmallCatamaran, SmallMultihull, DayBoat, Boat, object))
self.assertEqual(Pedalo.__mro__,
(Pedalo, PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, SmallCatamaran,
SmallMultihull, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))
# see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
# by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
def test_consistency_with_epg(self):
# Testing consistency with EPG...
class Pane(object): pass
class ScrollingMixin(object): pass
class EditingMixin(object): pass
class ScrollablePane(Pane,ScrollingMixin): pass
class EditablePane(Pane,EditingMixin): pass
class EditableScrollablePane(ScrollablePane,EditablePane): pass
self.assertEqual(EditableScrollablePane.__mro__,
(EditableScrollablePane, ScrollablePane, EditablePane, Pane,
ScrollingMixin, EditingMixin, object))
def test_mro_disagreement(self):
# Testing error messages for MRO disagreement...
mro_err_msg = ("Cannot create a consistent method resolution "
"order (MRO) for bases ")
def raises(exc, expected, callable, *args):
try:
callable(*args)
except exc as msg:
# the exact msg is generally considered an impl detail
if support.check_impl_detail():
if not str(msg).startswith(expected):
self.fail("Message %r, expected %r" %
(str(msg), expected))
else:
self.fail("Expected %s" % exc)
class A(object): pass
class B(A): pass
class C(object): pass
# Test some very simple errors
raises(TypeError, "duplicate base class A",
type, "X", (A, A), {})
raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
type, "X", (A, B), {})
raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
type, "X", (A, C, B), {})
# Test a slightly more complex error
class GridLayout(object): pass
class HorizontalGrid(GridLayout): pass
class VerticalGrid(GridLayout): pass
class HVGrid(HorizontalGrid, VerticalGrid): pass
class VHGrid(VerticalGrid, HorizontalGrid): pass
raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
type, "ConfusedGrid", (HVGrid, VHGrid), {})
def test_object_class(self):
# Testing object class...
a = object()
self.assertEqual(a.__class__, object)
self.assertEqual(type(a), object)
b = object()
self.assertNotEqual(a, b)
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "foo")
try:
a.foo = 12
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("object() should not allow setting a foo attribute")
self.assertNotHasAttr(object(), "__dict__")
class Cdict(object):
pass
x = Cdict()
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {})
x.foo = 1
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 1)
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 1})
def test_object_class_assignment_between_heaptypes_and_nonheaptypes(self):
class SubType(types.ModuleType):
a = 1
m = types.ModuleType("m")
self.assertTrue(m.__class__ is types.ModuleType)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(m, "a"))
m.__class__ = SubType
self.assertTrue(m.__class__ is SubType)
self.assertTrue(hasattr(m, "a"))
m.__class__ = types.ModuleType
self.assertTrue(m.__class__ is types.ModuleType)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(m, "a"))
# Make sure that builtin immutable objects don't support __class__
# assignment, because the object instances may be interned.
# We set __slots__ = () to ensure that the subclasses are
# memory-layout compatible, and thus otherwise reasonable candidates
# for __class__ assignment.
# The following types have immutable instances, but are not
# subclassable and thus don't need to be checked:
# NoneType, bool
class MyInt(int):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
(1).__class__ = MyInt
class MyFloat(float):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
(1.0).__class__ = MyFloat
class MyComplex(complex):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
(1 + 2j).__class__ = MyComplex
class MyStr(str):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
"a".__class__ = MyStr
class MyBytes(bytes):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
b"a".__class__ = MyBytes
class MyTuple(tuple):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
().__class__ = MyTuple
class MyFrozenSet(frozenset):
__slots__ = ()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
frozenset().__class__ = MyFrozenSet
def test_slots(self):
# Testing __slots__...
class C0(object):
__slots__ = []
x = C0()
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "foo")
class C1(object):
__slots__ = ['a']
x = C1()
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "a")
x.a = 1
self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
x.a = None
self.assertEqual(x.a, None)
del x.a
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "a")
class C3(object):
__slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
x = C3()
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'a')
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'b')
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'c')
x.a = 1
x.b = 2
x.c = 3
self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
self.assertEqual(x.b, 2)
self.assertEqual(x.c, 3)
class C4(object):
"""Validate name mangling"""
__slots__ = ['__a']
def __init__(self, value):
self.__a = value
def get(self):
return self.__a
x = C4(5)
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, '__dict__')
self.assertNotHasAttr(x, '__a')
self.assertEqual(x.get(), 5)
try:
x.__a = 6
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("Double underscored names not mangled")
# Make sure slot names are proper identifiers
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = [None]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("[None] slots not caught")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = ["foo bar"]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("['foo bar'] slots not caught")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = ["foo\0bar"]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("['foo\\0bar'] slots not caught")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = ["1"]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("['1'] slots not caught")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = [""]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("[''] slots not caught")
class C(object):
__slots__ = ["a", "a_b", "_a", "A0123456789Z"]
# XXX(nnorwitz): was there supposed to be something tested
# from the class above?
# Test a single string is not expanded as a sequence.
class C(object):
__slots__ = "abc"
c = C()
c.abc = 5
self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)
# Test unicode slot names
# Test a single unicode string is not expanded as a sequence.
class C(object):
__slots__ = "abc"
c = C()
c.abc = 5
self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)
# _unicode_to_string used to modify slots in certain circumstances
slots = ("foo", "bar")
class C(object):
__slots__ = slots
x = C()
x.foo = 5
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 5)
self.assertIs(type(slots[0]), str)
# this used to leak references
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = [chr(128)]
except (TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("[chr(128)] slots not caught")
# Test leaks
class Counted(object):
counter = 0 # counts the number of instances alive
def __init__(self):
Counted.counter += 1
def __del__(self):
Counted.counter -= 1
class C(object):
__slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
x = C()
x.a = Counted()
x.b = Counted()
x.c = Counted()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
del x
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
class D(C):
pass
x = D()
x.a = Counted()
x.z = Counted()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 2)
del x
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
class E(D):
__slots__ = ['e']
x = E()
x.a = Counted()
x.z = Counted()
x.e = Counted()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
del x
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
# Test cyclical leaks [SF bug 519621]
class F(object):
__slots__ = ['a', 'b']
s = F()
s.a = [Counted(), s]
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 1)
s = None
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
# Test lookup leaks [SF bug 572567]
if hasattr(gc, 'get_objects'):
class G(object):
def __eq__(self, other):
return False
g = G()
orig_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
for i in range(10):
g==g
new_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
self.assertEqual(orig_objects, new_objects)
class H(object):
__slots__ = ['a', 'b']
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1
self.b = 2
def __del__(self_):
self.assertEqual(self_.a, 1)
self.assertEqual(self_.b, 2)
with support.captured_output('stderr') as s:
h = H()
del h
self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), '')
class X(object):
__slots__ = "a"
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
del X().a
# Inherit from object on purpose to check some backwards compatibility paths
class X(object):
__slots__ = "a"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "'test.test_descr.ClassPropertiesAndMethods.test_slots.<locals>.X' object has no attribute 'a'"):
X().a
# Test string subclass in `__slots__`, see gh-98783
class SubStr(str):
pass
class X(object):
__slots__ = (SubStr('x'),)
X().x = 1
with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "'X' object has no attribute 'a'"):
X().a
def test_slots_special(self):
# Testing __dict__ and __weakref__ in __slots__...
class D(object):
__slots__ = ["__dict__"]
a = D()
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
a.foo = 42
self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
class W(object):
__slots__ = ["__weakref__"]
a = W()
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
try:
a.foo = 42
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't be allowed to set a.foo")
class C1(W, D):
__slots__ = []
a = C1()
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
a.foo = 42
self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
class C2(D, W):
__slots__ = []
a = C2()
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
a.foo = 42
self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
def test_slots_special2(self):
# Testing __qualname__ and __classcell__ in __slots__
class Meta(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, attr):
self.assertIn(attr, namespace)
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
class C1:
def __init__(self):
self.b = 42
class C2(C1, metaclass=Meta, attr="__classcell__"):
__slots__ = ["__classcell__"]
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.assertIsInstance(C2.__dict__["__classcell__"],
types.MemberDescriptorType)
c = C2()
self.assertEqual(c.b, 42)
self.assertNotHasAttr(c, "__classcell__")
c.__classcell__ = 42
self.assertEqual(c.__classcell__, 42)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C3:
__classcell__ = 42
__slots__ = ["__classcell__"]
class Q1(metaclass=Meta, attr="__qualname__"):
__slots__ = ["__qualname__"]
self.assertEqual(Q1.__qualname__, C1.__qualname__[:-2] + "Q1")
self.assertIsInstance(Q1.__dict__["__qualname__"],
types.MemberDescriptorType)
q = Q1()
self.assertNotHasAttr(q, "__qualname__")
q.__qualname__ = "q"
self.assertEqual(q.__qualname__, "q")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Q2:
__qualname__ = object()
__slots__ = ["__qualname__"]
def test_slots_descriptor(self):
# Issue2115: slot descriptors did not correctly check
# the type of the given object
import abc
class MyABC(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
__slots__ = "a"
class Unrelated(object):
pass
MyABC.register(Unrelated)
u = Unrelated()
self.assertIsInstance(u, MyABC)
# This used to crash
self.assertRaises(TypeError, MyABC.a.__set__, u, 3)
def test_dynamics(self):
# Testing class attribute propagation...
class D(object):
pass
class E(D):
pass
class F(D):
pass
D.foo = 1
self.assertEqual(D.foo, 1)
# Test that dynamic attributes are inherited
self.assertEqual(E.foo, 1)
self.assertEqual(F.foo, 1)
# Test dynamic instances
class C(object):
pass
a = C()
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "foobar")
C.foobar = 2
self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
C.method = lambda self: 42
self.assertEqual(a.method(), 42)
C.__repr__ = lambda self: "C()"
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "C()")
C.__int__ = lambda self: 100
self.assertEqual(int(a), 100)
self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "spam")
def mygetattr(self, name):
if name == "spam":
return "spam"
raise AttributeError
C.__getattr__ = mygetattr
self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
a.new = 12
self.assertEqual(a.new, 12)
def mysetattr(self, name, value):
if name == "spam":
raise AttributeError
return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
C.__setattr__ = mysetattr
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
a.spam = "not spam"
self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
class D(C):
pass
d = D()
d.foo = 1
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
# Test handling of int*seq and seq*int
class I(int):
pass
self.assertEqual("a"*I(2), "aa")
self.assertEqual(I(2)*"a", "aa")
self.assertEqual(2*I(3), 6)
self.assertEqual(I(3)*2, 6)
self.assertEqual(I(3)*I(2), 6)
# Test comparison of classes with dynamic metaclasses
class dynamicmetaclass(type):
pass
class someclass(metaclass=dynamicmetaclass):
pass
self.assertNotEqual(someclass, object)
def test_errors(self):
# Testing errors...
try:
class C(list, dict):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("inheritance from both list and dict should be illegal")
try:
class C(object, None):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("inheritance from non-type should be illegal")
class Classic:
pass
try:
class C(type(len)):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("inheritance from CFunction should be illegal")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = 1
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("__slots__ = 1 should be illegal")
try:
class C(object):
__slots__ = [1]
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("__slots__ = [1] should be illegal")
class M1(type):
pass
class M2(type):
pass
class A1(object, metaclass=M1):
pass
class A2(object, metaclass=M2):
pass
try:
class B(A1, A2):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("finding the most derived metaclass should have failed")
def test_classmethods(self):
# Testing class methods...
class C(object):
def foo(*a): return a
goo = classmethod(foo)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
class D(C):
pass
d = D()
self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
# Test for a specific crash (SF bug 528132)
def f(cls, arg):
"f docstring"
return (cls, arg)
ff = classmethod(f)
self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0, int)(42), (int, 42))
self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0)(42), (int, 42))
# Test super() with classmethods (SF bug 535444)
self.assertEqual(C.goo.__self__, C)
self.assertEqual(D.goo.__self__, D)
self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo.__self__, D)
self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo.__self__, D)
self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo(), (D,))
self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo(), (D,))
# Verify that a non-callable will raise
meth = classmethod(1).__get__(1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth)
# Verify that classmethod() doesn't allow keyword args
try:
classmethod(f, kw=1)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("classmethod shouldn't accept keyword args")
cm = classmethod(f)
cm_dict = {'__doc__': (
"f docstring"
if support.HAVE_DOCSTRINGS
else None
),
'__module__': __name__,
'__name__': 'f',
'__qualname__': f.__qualname__}
self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, cm_dict)
cm.x = 42
self.assertEqual(cm.x, 42)
self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, {"x" : 42, **cm_dict})
del cm.x
self.assertNotHasAttr(cm, "x")
def test_classmethod_staticmethod_annotations(self):
for deco in (classmethod, staticmethod):
@deco
def unannotated(cls): pass
@deco
def annotated(cls) -> int: pass
for method in (annotated, unannotated):
with self.subTest(deco=deco, method=method):
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
del unannotated.__annotations__
original_annotations = dict(method.__wrapped__.__annotations__)
self.assertNotIn('__annotations__', method.__dict__)
self.assertEqual(method.__annotations__, original_annotations)
self.assertIn('__annotations__', method.__dict__)
new_annotations = {"a": "b"}
method.__annotations__ = new_annotations
self.assertEqual(method.__annotations__, new_annotations)
self.assertEqual(method.__wrapped__.__annotations__, original_annotations)
del method.__annotations__
self.assertEqual(method.__annotations__, original_annotations)
original_annotate = method.__wrapped__.__annotate__
self.assertNotIn('__annotate__', method.__dict__)
self.assertIs(method.__annotate__, original_annotate)
self.assertIn('__annotate__', method.__dict__)
new_annotate = lambda: {"annotations": 1}
method.__annotate__ = new_annotate
self.assertIs(method.__annotate__, new_annotate)
self.assertIs(method.__wrapped__.__annotate__, original_annotate)
del method.__annotate__
self.assertIs(method.__annotate__, original_annotate)
def test_staticmethod_annotations_without_dict_access(self):
# gh-125017: this used to crash
class Spam:
def __new__(cls, x, y):
pass
self.assertEqual(Spam.__new__.__annotations__, {})
obj = Spam.__dict__['__new__']
self.assertIsInstance(obj, staticmethod)
self.assertEqual(obj.__annotations__, {})
@support.refcount_test
def test_refleaks_in_classmethod___init__(self):
gettotalrefcount = support.get_attribute(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
cm = classmethod(None)
refs_before = gettotalrefcount()
for i in range(100):
cm.__init__(None)
self.assertAlmostEqual(gettotalrefcount() - refs_before, 0, delta=10)
@support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
@unittest.skipIf(xxsubtype is None, "requires xxsubtype module")
def test_classmethods_in_c(self):
# Testing C-based class methods...
import xxsubtype as spam
a = (1, 2, 3)
d = {'abc': 123}
x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.classmeth(*a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
self.assertEqual(a, a1)
self.assertEqual(d, d1)
x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist().classmeth(*a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
self.assertEqual(a, a1)
self.assertEqual(d, d1)
spam_cm = spam.spamlist.__dict__['classmeth']
x2, a2, d2 = spam_cm(spam.spamlist, *a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x2, spam.spamlist)
self.assertEqual(a2, a1)
self.assertEqual(d2, d1)
class SubSpam(spam.spamlist): pass
x2, a2, d2 = spam_cm(SubSpam, *a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x2, SubSpam)
self.assertEqual(a2, a1)
self.assertEqual(d2, d1)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
spam_cm()
self.assertEqual(
str(cm.exception),
"descriptor 'classmeth' of 'xxsubtype.spamlist' "
"object needs an argument")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
spam_cm(spam.spamlist())
self.assertEqual(
str(cm.exception),
"descriptor 'classmeth' for type 'xxsubtype.spamlist' "
"needs a type, not a 'xxsubtype.spamlist' as arg 2")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
spam_cm(list)
expected_errmsg = (
"descriptor 'classmeth' requires a subtype of 'xxsubtype.spamlist' "
"but received 'list'")
self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expected_errmsg)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
spam_cm.__get__(None, list)
self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expected_errmsg)
def test_staticmethods(self):
# Testing static methods...
class C(object):
def foo(*a): return a
goo = staticmethod(foo)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (1,))
self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (1,))
self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1,))
class D(C):
pass
d = D()
self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (1,))
self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (1,))
self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
sm = staticmethod(None)
self.assertEqual(sm.__dict__, {'__doc__': None.__doc__})
sm.x = 42
self.assertEqual(sm.x, 42)
self.assertEqual(sm.__dict__, {"x" : 42, '__doc__': None.__doc__})
del sm.x
self.assertNotHasAttr(sm, "x")
@support.refcount_test
def test_refleaks_in_staticmethod___init__(self):
gettotalrefcount = support.get_attribute(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
sm = staticmethod(None)
refs_before = gettotalrefcount()
for i in range(100):
sm.__init__(None)
self.assertAlmostEqual(gettotalrefcount() - refs_before, 0, delta=10)
@support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
@unittest.skipIf(xxsubtype is None, "requires xxsubtype module")
def test_staticmethods_in_c(self):
# Testing C-based static methods...
import xxsubtype as spam
a = (1, 2, 3)
d = {"abc": 123}
x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.staticmeth(*a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x, None)
self.assertEqual(a, a1)
self.assertEqual(d, d1)
x, a1, d2 = spam.spamlist().staticmeth(*a, **d)
self.assertEqual(x, None)
self.assertEqual(a, a1)
self.assertEqual(d, d1)
def test_classic(self):
# Testing classic classes...
class C:
def foo(*a): return a
goo = classmethod(foo)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
class D(C):
pass
d = D()
self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
class E: # *not* subclassing from C
foo = C.foo
self.assertEqual(E().foo.__func__, C.foo) # i.e., unbound
self.assertTrue(repr(C.foo.__get__(C())).startswith("<bound method "))
def test_compattr(self):
# Testing computed attributes...
class C(object):
class computed_attribute(object):
def __init__(self, get, set=None, delete=None):
self.__get = get
self.__set = set
self.__delete = delete
def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
return self.__get(obj)
def __set__(self, obj, value):
return self.__set(obj, value)
def __delete__(self, obj):
return self.__delete(obj)
def __init__(self):
self.__x = 0
def __get_x(self):
x = self.__x
self.__x = x+1
return x
def __set_x(self, x):
self.__x = x
def __delete_x(self):
del self.__x
x = computed_attribute(__get_x, __set_x, __delete_x)
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.x, 0)
self.assertEqual(a.x, 1)
a.x = 10
self.assertEqual(a.x, 10)
self.assertEqual(a.x, 11)
del a.x
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, 'x')
def test_newslots(self):
# Testing __new__ slot override...
class C(list):
def __new__(cls):
self = list.__new__(cls)
self.foo = 1
return self
def __init__(self):
self.foo = self.foo + 2
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.foo, 3)
self.assertEqual(a.__class__, C)
class D(C):
pass
b = D()
self.assertEqual(b.foo, 3)
self.assertEqual(b.__class__, D)
@unittest.expectedFailure
def test_bad_new(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__, '')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, list.__new__, object)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__, list)
class C(object):
__new__ = list.__new__
self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
class C(list):
__new__ = object.__new__
self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
def test_object_new(self):
class A(object):
pass
object.__new__(A)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__, A, 5)
object.__init__(A())
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__init__, A(), 5)
class A(object):
def __init__(self, foo):
self.foo = foo
object.__new__(A)
object.__new__(A, 5)
object.__init__(A(3))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__init__, A(3), 5)
class A(object):
def __new__(cls, foo):
return object.__new__(cls)
object.__new__(A)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__, A, 5)
object.__init__(A(3))
object.__init__(A(3), 5)
class A(object):
def __new__(cls, foo):
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self, foo):
self.foo = foo
object.__new__(A)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__new__, A, 5)
object.__init__(A(3))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object.__init__, A(3), 5)
@unittest.expectedFailure
def test_restored_object_new(self):
class A(object):
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
raise AssertionError
self.assertRaises(AssertionError, A)
class B(A):
__new__ = object.__new__
def __init__(self, foo):
self.foo = foo
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('error', DeprecationWarning)
b = B(3)
self.assertEqual(b.foo, 3)
self.assertEqual(b.__class__, B)
del B.__new__
self.assertRaises(AssertionError, B)
del A.__new__
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('error', DeprecationWarning)
b = B(3)
self.assertEqual(b.foo, 3)
self.assertEqual(b.__class__, B)
def test_altmro(self):
# Testing mro() and overriding it...
class A(object):
def f(self): return "A"
class B(A):
pass
class C(A):
def f(self): return "C"
class D(B, C):
pass
self.assertEqual(A.mro(), [A, object])
self.assertEqual(A.__mro__, (A, object))
self.assertEqual(B.mro(), [B, A, object])
self.assertEqual(B.__mro__, (B, A, object))
self.assertEqual(C.mro(), [C, A, object])
self.assertEqual(C.__mro__, (C, A, object))
self.assertEqual(D.mro(), [D, B, C, A, object])
self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, B, C, A, object))
self.assertEqual(D().f(), "C")
class PerverseMetaType(type):
def mro(cls):
L = type.mro(cls)
L.reverse()
return L
class X(D,B,C,A, metaclass=PerverseMetaType):
pass
self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (object, A, C, B, D, X))
self.assertEqual(X().f(), "A")
try:
class _metaclass(type):
def mro(self):
return [self, dict, object]
class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
pass
# In CPython, the class creation above already raises
# TypeError, as a protection against the fact that
# instances of X would segfault it. In other Python
# implementations it would be ok to let the class X
# be created, but instead get a clean TypeError on the
# __setitem__ below.
x = object.__new__(X)
x[5] = 6
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("devious mro() return not caught")
try:
class _metaclass(type):
def mro(self):
return [1]
class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("non-class mro() return not caught")
try:
class _metaclass(type):
def mro(self):
return 1
class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
pass
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("non-sequence mro() return not caught")
def test_overloading(self):
# Testing operator overloading...
class B(object):
"Intermediate class because object doesn't have a __setattr__"
class C(B):
def __getattr__(self, name):
if name == "foo":
return ("getattr", name)
else:
raise AttributeError
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
if name == "foo":
self.setattr = (name, value)
else:
return B.__setattr__(self, name, value)
def __delattr__(self, name):
if name == "foo":
self.delattr = name
else:
return B.__delattr__(self, name)
def __getitem__(self, key):
return ("getitem", key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self.setitem = (key, value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
self.delitem = key
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a.foo, ("getattr", "foo"))
a.foo = 12
self.assertEqual(a.setattr, ("foo", 12))
del a.foo
self.assertEqual(a.delattr, "foo")
self.assertEqual(a[12], ("getitem", 12))
a[12] = 21
self.assertEqual(a.setitem, (12, 21))
del a[12]
self.assertEqual(a.delitem, 12)
self.assertEqual(a[0:10], ("getitem", slice(0, 10)))
a[0:10] = "foo"
self.assertEqual(a.setitem, (slice(0, 10), "foo"))
del a[0:10]
self.assertEqual(a.delitem, (slice(0, 10)))
def test_load_attr_extended_arg(self):
# https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91625
class Numbers:
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return int(attr.lstrip("_"))
attrs = ", ".join(f"Z._{n:03d}" for n in range(280))
code = f"def number_attrs(Z):\n return [ {attrs} ]"
ns = {}
exec(code, ns)
number_attrs = ns["number_attrs"]
# Warm up the function for quickening (PEP 659)
for _ in range(30):
self.assertEqual(number_attrs(Numbers()), list(range(280)))
def test_methods(self):
# Testing methods...
class C(object):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def foo(self):
return self.x
c1 = C(1)
self.assertEqual(c1.foo(), 1)
class D(C):
boo = C.foo
goo = c1.foo
d2 = D(2)
self.assertEqual(d2.foo(), 2)
self.assertEqual(d2.boo(), 2)
self.assertEqual(d2.goo(), 1)
class E(object):
foo = C.foo
self.assertEqual(E().foo.__func__, C.foo) # i.e., unbound
self.assertTrue(repr(C.foo.__get__(C(1))).startswith("<bound method "))
@support.impl_detail("testing error message from implementation")
def test_methods_in_c(self):
# This test checks error messages in builtin method descriptor.
# It is allowed that other Python implementations use
# different error messages.
set_add = set.add
expected_errmsg = "unbound method set.add() needs an argument"
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
set_add()
self.assertEqual(cm.exception.args[0], expected_errmsg)
expected_errmsg = "descriptor 'add' for 'set' objects doesn't apply to a 'int' object"
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
set_add(0)
self.assertEqual(cm.exception.args[0], expected_errmsg)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
set_add.__get__(0)
self.assertEqual(cm.exception.args[0], expected_errmsg)
def test_special_method_lookup(self):
# The lookup of special methods bypasses __getattr__ and
# __getattribute__, but they still can be descriptors.
def run_context(manager):
with manager:
pass
def iden(self):
return self
def hello(self):
return b"hello"
def empty_seq(self):
return []
def zero(self):
return 0
def complex_num(self):
return 1j
def stop(self):
raise StopIteration
def return_true(self, thing=None):
return True
def do_isinstance(obj):
return isinstance(int, obj)
def do_issubclass(obj):
return issubclass(int, obj)
def do_dict_missing(checker):
class DictSub(checker.__class__, dict):
pass
self.assertEqual(DictSub()["hi"], 4)
def some_number(self_, key):
self.assertEqual(key, "hi")
return 4
def swallow(*args): pass
def format_impl(self, spec):
return "hello"
# It would be nice to have every special method tested here, but I'm
# only listing the ones I can remember outside of typeobject.c, since it
# does it right.
specials = [
("__bytes__", bytes, hello, set(), {}),
("__reversed__", reversed, empty_seq, set(), {}),
("__length_hint__", list, zero, set(),
{"__iter__" : iden, "__next__" : stop}),
("__sizeof__", sys.getsizeof, zero, set(), {}),
("__instancecheck__", do_isinstance, return_true, set(), {}),
("__missing__", do_dict_missing, some_number,
set(("__class__",)), {}),
("__subclasscheck__", do_issubclass, return_true,
set(("__bases__",)), {}),
("__enter__", run_context, iden, set(), {"__exit__" : swallow}),
("__exit__", run_context, swallow, set(), {"__enter__" : iden}),
("__complex__", complex, complex_num, set(), {}),
("__format__", format, format_impl, set(), {}),
("__floor__", math.floor, zero, set(), {}),
("__trunc__", math.trunc, zero, set(), {}),
("__ceil__", math.ceil, zero, set(), {}),
("__dir__", dir, empty_seq, set(), {}),
("__round__", round, zero, set(), {}),
]
class Checker(object):
def __getattr__(self, attr, test=self):
test.fail("__getattr__ called with {0}".format(attr))
def __getattribute__(self, attr, test=self):
if attr not in ok:
test.fail("__getattribute__ called with {0}".format(attr))
return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
class SpecialDescr(object):
def __init__(self, impl):
self.impl = impl
def __get__(self, obj, owner):
record.append(1)
return self.impl.__get__(obj, owner)
class MyException(Exception):
pass
class ErrDescr(object):
def __get__(self, obj, owner):
raise MyException
for name, runner, meth_impl, ok, env in specials:
class X(Checker):
pass
for attr, obj in env.items():
setattr(X, attr, obj)
setattr(X, name, meth_impl)
runner(X())
record = []
class X(Checker):
pass
for attr, obj in env.items():
setattr(X, attr, obj)
setattr(X, name, SpecialDescr(meth_impl))
runner(X())
self.assertEqual(record, [1], name)
class X(Checker):
pass
for attr, obj in env.items():
setattr(X, attr, obj)
setattr(X, name, ErrDescr())
self.assertRaises(MyException, runner, X())
def test_specials(self):
# Testing special operators...
# Test operators like __hash__ for which a built-in default exists
# Test the default behavior for static classes
class C(object):
def __getitem__(self, i):
if 0 <= i < 10: return i
raise IndexError
c1 = C()
c2 = C()
self.assertFalse(not c1)
self.assertNotEqual(id(c1), id(c2))
hash(c1)
hash(c2)
self.assertEqual(c1, c1)
self.assertTrue(c1 != c2)
self.assertFalse(c1 != c1)
self.assertFalse(c1 == c2)
# Note that the module name appears in str/repr, and that varies
# depending on whether this test is run standalone or from a framework.
self.assertGreaterEqual(str(c1).find('C object at '), 0)
self.assertEqual(str(c1), repr(c1))
self.assertNotIn(-1, c1)
for i in range(10):
self.assertIn(i, c1)
self.assertNotIn(10, c1)
# Test the default behavior for dynamic classes
class D(object):
def __getitem__(self, i):
if 0 <= i < 10: return i
raise IndexError
d1 = D()
d2 = D()
self.assertFalse(not d1)
self.assertNotEqual(id(d1), id(d2))
hash(d1)
hash(d2)
self.assertEqual(d1, d1)
self.assertNotEqual(d1, d2)
self.assertFalse(d1 != d1)
self.assertFalse(d1 == d2)
# Note that the module name appears in str/repr, and that varies
# depending on whether this test is run standalone or from a framework.
self.assertGreaterEqual(str(d1).find('D object at '), 0)
self.assertEqual(str(d1), repr(d1))
self.assertNotIn(-1, d1)
for i in range(10):
self.assertIn(i, d1)
self.assertNotIn(10, d1)
# Test overridden behavior
class Proxy(object):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def __bool__(self):
return not not self.x
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.x)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.x == other
def __ne__(self, other):
return self.x != other
def __ge__(self, other):
return self.x >= other
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.x > other
def __le__(self, other):
return self.x <= other
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.x < other
def __str__(self):
return "Proxy:%s" % self.x
def __repr__(self):
return "Proxy(%r)" % self.x
def __contains__(self, value):
return value in self.x
p0 = Proxy(0)
p1 = Proxy(1)
p_1 = Proxy(-1)
self.assertFalse(p0)
self.assertFalse(not p1)
self.assertEqual(hash(p0), hash(0))
self.assertEqual(p0, p0)
self.assertNotEqual(p0, p1)
self.assertFalse(p0 != p0)
self.assertEqual(not p0, p1)
self.assertTrue(p0 < p1)
self.assertTrue(p0 <= p1)
self.assertTrue(p1 > p0)
self.assertTrue(p1 >= p0)
self.assertEqual(str(p0), "Proxy:0")
self.assertEqual(repr(p0), "Proxy(0)")
p10 = Proxy(range(10))
self.assertNotIn(-1, p10)
for i in range(10):
self.assertIn(i, p10)
self.assertNotIn(10, p10)
def test_weakrefs(self):
# Testing weak references...
import weakref
class C(object):
pass
c = C()
r = weakref.ref(c)
self.assertEqual(r(), c)
del c
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(r(), None)
del r
class NoWeak(object):
__slots__ = ['foo']
no = NoWeak()
try:
weakref.ref(no)
except TypeError as msg:
self.assertIn("weak reference", str(msg))
else:
self.fail("weakref.ref(no) should be illegal")
class Weak(object):
__slots__ = ['foo', '__weakref__']
yes = Weak()
r = weakref.ref(yes)
self.assertEqual(r(), yes)
del yes
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(r(), None)
del r
def test_properties(self):
# Testing property...
class C(object):
def getx(self):
return self.__x
def setx(self, value):
self.__x = value
def delx(self):
del self.__x
x = property(getx, setx, delx, doc="I'm the x property.")
a = C()
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
a.x = 42
self.assertEqual(a._C__x, 42)
self.assertEqual(a.x, 42)
del a.x
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "_C__x")
C.x.__set__(a, 100)
self.assertEqual(C.x.__get__(a), 100)
C.x.__delete__(a)
self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
raw = C.__dict__['x']
self.assertIsInstance(raw, property)
attrs = dir(raw)
self.assertIn("__doc__", attrs)
self.assertIn("fget", attrs)
self.assertIn("fset", attrs)
self.assertIn("fdel", attrs)
self.assertEqual(raw.__doc__, "I'm the x property.")
self.assertIs(raw.fget, C.__dict__['getx'])
self.assertIs(raw.fset, C.__dict__['setx'])
self.assertIs(raw.fdel, C.__dict__['delx'])
for attr in "fget", "fset", "fdel":
try:
setattr(raw, attr, 42)
except AttributeError as msg:
if str(msg).find('readonly') < 0:
self.fail("when setting readonly attr %r on a property, "
"got unexpected AttributeError msg %r" % (attr, str(msg)))
else:
self.fail("expected AttributeError from trying to set readonly %r "
"attr on a property" % attr)
raw.__doc__ = 42
self.assertEqual(raw.__doc__, 42)
class D(object):
__getitem__ = property(lambda s: 1/0)
d = D()
try:
for i in d:
str(i)
except ZeroDivisionError:
pass
else:
self.fail("expected ZeroDivisionError from bad property")
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
"Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
def test_properties_doc_attrib(self):
class E(object):
def getter(self):
"getter method"
return 0
def setter(self_, value):
"setter method"
pass
prop = property(getter)
self.assertEqual(prop.__doc__, "getter method")
prop2 = property(fset=setter)
self.assertEqual(prop2.__doc__, None)
@support.cpython_only
def test_testcapi_no_segfault(self):
# this segfaulted in 2.5b2
try:
import _testcapi
except ImportError:
pass
else:
class X(object):
p = property(_testcapi.test_with_docstring)
def test_properties_plus(self):
class C(object):
foo = property(doc="hello")
@foo.getter
def foo(self):
return self._foo
@foo.setter
def foo(self, value):
self._foo = abs(value)
@foo.deleter
def foo(self):
del self._foo
c = C()
self.assertEqual(C.foo.__doc__, "hello")
self.assertNotHasAttr(c, "foo")
c.foo = -42
self.assertHasAttr(c, '_foo')
self.assertEqual(c._foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(c.foo, 42)
del c.foo
self.assertNotHasAttr(c, '_foo')
self.assertNotHasAttr(c, "foo")
class D(C):
@C.foo.deleter
def foo(self):
try:
del self._foo
except AttributeError:
pass
d = D()
d.foo = 24
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
del d.foo
del d.foo
class E(object):
@property
def foo(self):
return self._foo
@foo.setter
def foo(self, value):
raise RuntimeError
@foo.setter
def foo(self, value):
self._foo = abs(value)
@foo.deleter
def foo(self, value=None):
del self._foo
e = E()
e.foo = -42
self.assertEqual(e.foo, 42)
del e.foo
class F(E):
@E.foo.deleter
def foo(self):
del self._foo
@foo.setter
def foo(self, value):
self._foo = max(0, value)
f = F()
f.foo = -10
self.assertEqual(f.foo, 0)
del f.foo
def test_dict_constructors(self):
# Testing dict constructor ...
d = dict()
self.assertEqual(d, {})
d = dict({})
self.assertEqual(d, {})
d = dict({1: 2, 'a': 'b'})
self.assertEqual(d, {1: 2, 'a': 'b'})
self.assertEqual(d, dict(list(d.items())))
self.assertEqual(d, dict(iter(d.items())))
d = dict({'one':1, 'two':2})
self.assertEqual(d, dict(one=1, two=2))
self.assertEqual(d, dict(**d))
self.assertEqual(d, dict({"one": 1}, two=2))
self.assertEqual(d, dict([("two", 2)], one=1))
self.assertEqual(d, dict([("one", 100), ("two", 200)], **d))
self.assertEqual(d, dict(**d))
for badarg in 0, 0, 0j, "0", [0], (0,):
try:
dict(badarg)
except TypeError:
pass
except ValueError:
if badarg == "0":
# It's a sequence, and its elements are also sequences (gotta
# love strings <wink>), but they aren't of length 2, so this
# one seemed better as a ValueError than a TypeError.
pass
else:
self.fail("no TypeError from dict(%r)" % badarg)
else:
self.fail("no TypeError from dict(%r)" % badarg)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
dict({}, {})
class Mapping:
# Lacks a .keys() method; will be added later.
dict = {1:2, 3:4, 'a':1j}
try:
dict(Mapping())
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("no TypeError from dict(incomplete mapping)")
Mapping.keys = lambda self: list(self.dict.keys())
Mapping.__getitem__ = lambda self, i: self.dict[i]
d = dict(Mapping())
self.assertEqual(d, Mapping.dict)
# Init from sequence of iterable objects, each producing a 2-sequence.
class AddressBookEntry:
def __init__(self, first, last):
self.first = first
self.last = last
def __iter__(self):
return iter([self.first, self.last])
d = dict([AddressBookEntry('Tim', 'Warsaw'),
AddressBookEntry('Barry', 'Peters'),
AddressBookEntry('Tim', 'Peters'),
AddressBookEntry('Barry', 'Warsaw')])
self.assertEqual(d, {'Barry': 'Warsaw', 'Tim': 'Peters'})
d = dict(zip(range(4), range(1, 5)))
self.assertEqual(d, dict([(i, i+1) for i in range(4)]))
# Bad sequence lengths.
for bad in [('tooshort',)], [('too', 'long', 'by 1')]:
try:
dict(bad)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
self.fail("no ValueError from dict(%r)" % bad)
def test_dir(self):
# Testing dir() ...
junk = 12
self.assertEqual(dir(), ['junk', 'self'])
del junk
# Just make sure these don't blow up!
for arg in 2, 2, 2j, 2e0, [2], "2", b"2", (2,), {2:2}, type, self.test_dir:
dir(arg)
# Test dir on new-style classes. Since these have object as a
# base class, a lot more gets sucked in.
def interesting(strings):
return [s for s in strings if not s.startswith('_')]
class C(object):
Cdata = 1
def Cmethod(self): pass
cstuff = ['Cdata', 'Cmethod']
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(C)), cstuff)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(c)), cstuff)
## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(C.Cmethod))
c.cdata = 2
c.cmethod = lambda self: 0
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(c)), cstuff + ['cdata', 'cmethod'])
## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(c.Cmethod))
class A(C):
Adata = 1
def Amethod(self): pass
astuff = ['Adata', 'Amethod'] + cstuff
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(A)), astuff)
## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(A.Amethod))
a = A()
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(a)), astuff)
a.adata = 42
a.amethod = lambda self: 3
self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(a)), astuff + ['adata', 'amethod'])
## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(a.Amethod))
# Try a module subclass.
class M(type(sys)):
pass
minstance = M("m")
minstance.b = 2
minstance.a = 1
default_attributes = ['__name__', '__doc__', '__package__',
'__loader__', '__spec__']
names = [x for x in dir(minstance) if x not in default_attributes]
self.assertEqual(names, ['a', 'b'])
class M2(M):
def getdict(self):
return "Not a dict!"
__dict__ = property(getdict)
m2instance = M2("m2")
m2instance.b = 2
m2instance.a = 1
self.assertEqual(m2instance.__dict__, "Not a dict!")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
dir(m2instance)
# Two essentially featureless objects, (Ellipsis just inherits stuff
# from object.
self.assertEqual(dir(object()), dir(Ellipsis))
# Nasty test case for proxied objects
class Wrapper(object):
def __init__(self, obj):
self.__obj = obj
def __repr__(self):
return "Wrapper(%s)" % repr(self.__obj)
def __getitem__(self, key):
return Wrapper(self.__obj[key])
def __len__(self):
return len(self.__obj)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return Wrapper(getattr(self.__obj, name))
class C(object):
def __getclass(self):
return Wrapper(type(self))
__class__ = property(__getclass)
dir(C()) # This used to segfault
def test_supers(self):
# Testing super...
class A(object):
def meth(self, a):
return "A(%r)" % a
self.assertEqual(A().meth(1), "A(1)")
class B(A):
def __init__(self):
self.__super = super(B, self)
def meth(self, a):
return "B(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
self.assertEqual(B().meth(2), "B(2)A(2)")
class C(A):
def meth(self, a):
return "C(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
C._C__super = super(C)
self.assertEqual(C().meth(3), "C(3)A(3)")
class D(C, B):
def meth(self, a):
return "D(%r)" % a + super(D, self).meth(a)
self.assertEqual(D().meth(4), "D(4)C(4)B(4)A(4)")
# Test for subclassing super
class mysuper(super):
def __init__(self, *args):
return super(mysuper, self).__init__(*args)
class E(D):
def meth(self, a):
return "E(%r)" % a + mysuper(E, self).meth(a)
self.assertEqual(E().meth(5), "E(5)D(5)C(5)B(5)A(5)")
class F(E):
def meth(self, a):
s = self.__super # == mysuper(F, self)
return "F(%r)[%s]" % (a, s.__class__.__name__) + s.meth(a)
F._F__super = mysuper(F)
self.assertEqual(F().meth(6), "F(6)[mysuper]E(6)D(6)C(6)B(6)A(6)")
# Make sure certain errors are raised
try:
super(D, 42)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, 42)")
try:
super(D, C())
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, C())")
try:
super(D).__get__(12)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(12)")
try:
super(D).__get__(C())
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(C())")
# Make sure data descriptors can be overridden and accessed via super
# (new feature in Python 2.3)
class DDbase(object):
def getx(self): return 42
x = property(getx)
class DDsub(DDbase):
def getx(self): return "hello"
x = property(getx)
dd = DDsub()
self.assertEqual(dd.x, "hello")
self.assertEqual(super(DDsub, dd).x, 42)
# Ensure that super() lookup of descriptor from classmethod
# works (SF ID# 743627)
class Base(object):
aProp = property(lambda self: "foo")
class Sub(Base):
@classmethod
def test(klass):
return super(Sub,klass).aProp
self.assertEqual(Sub.test(), Base.aProp)
# Verify that super() doesn't allow keyword args
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
super(Base, kw=1)
def test_basic_inheritance(self):
# Testing inheritance from basic types...
class hexint(int):
def __repr__(self):
return hex(self)
def __add__(self, other):
return hexint(int.__add__(self, other))
# (Note that overriding __radd__ doesn't work,
# because the int type gets first dibs.)
self.assertEqual(repr(hexint(7) + 9), "0x10")
self.assertEqual(repr(hexint(1000) + 7), "0x3ef")
a = hexint(12345)
self.assertEqual(a, 12345)
self.assertEqual(int(a), 12345)
self.assertIs(int(a).__class__, int)
self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345))
self.assertIs((+a).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a >> 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a << 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((hexint(0) << 12).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((hexint(0) >> 12).__class__, int)
class octlong(int):
__slots__ = []
def __str__(self):
return oct(self)
def __add__(self, other):
return self.__class__(super(octlong, self).__add__(other))
__radd__ = __add__
self.assertEqual(str(octlong(3) + 5), "0o10")
# (Note that overriding __radd__ here only seems to work
# because the example uses a short int left argument.)
self.assertEqual(str(5 + octlong(3000)), "0o5675")
a = octlong(12345)
self.assertEqual(a, 12345)
self.assertEqual(int(a), 12345)
self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345))
self.assertIs(int(a).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((+a).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((-a).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((-octlong(0)).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a >> 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a << 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a - 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a ** 1).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a // 1).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((1 * a).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a | 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a ^ 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((a & -1).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((octlong(0) << 12).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((octlong(0) >> 12).__class__, int)
self.assertIs(abs(octlong(0)).__class__, int)
# Because octlong overrides __add__, we can't check the absence of +0
# optimizations using octlong.
class longclone(int):
pass
a = longclone(1)
self.assertIs((a + 0).__class__, int)
self.assertIs((0 + a).__class__, int)
# Check that negative clones don't segfault
a = longclone(-1)
self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {})
self.assertEqual(int(a), -1) # self.assertTrue PyNumber_Long() copies the sign bit
class precfloat(float):
__slots__ = ['prec']
def __init__(self, value=0.0, prec=12):
self.prec = int(prec)
def __repr__(self):
return "%.*g" % (self.prec, self)
self.assertEqual(repr(precfloat(1.1)), "1.1")
a = precfloat(12345)
self.assertEqual(a, 12345.0)
self.assertEqual(float(a), 12345.0)
self.assertIs(float(a).__class__, float)
self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345.0))
self.assertIs((+a).__class__, float)
class madcomplex(complex):
def __repr__(self):
return "%.17gj%+.17g" % (self.imag, self.real)
a = madcomplex(-3, 4)
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "4j-3")
base = complex(-3, 4)
self.assertEqual(base.__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(a, base)
self.assertEqual(complex(a), base)
self.assertEqual(complex(a).__class__, complex)
a = madcomplex(a) # just trying another form of the constructor
self.assertEqual(repr(a), "4j-3")
self.assertEqual(a, base)
self.assertEqual(complex(a), base)
self.assertEqual(complex(a).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(base))
self.assertEqual((+a).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual((a + 0).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(a + 0, base)
self.assertEqual((a - 0).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(a - 0, base)
self.assertEqual((a * 1).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(a * 1, base)
self.assertEqual((a / 1).__class__, complex)
self.assertEqual(a / 1, base)
class madtuple(tuple):
_rev = None
def rev(self):
if self._rev is not None:
return self._rev
L = list(self)
L.reverse()
self._rev = self.__class__(L)
return self._rev
a = madtuple((1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0))
self.assertEqual(a, (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0))
self.assertEqual(a.rev(), madtuple((0,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1)))
self.assertEqual(a.rev().rev(), madtuple((1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0)))
for i in range(512):
t = madtuple(range(i))
u = t.rev()
v = u.rev()
self.assertEqual(v, t)
a = madtuple((1,2,3,4,5))
self.assertEqual(tuple(a), (1,2,3,4,5))
self.assertIs(tuple(a).__class__, tuple)
self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash((1,2,3,4,5)))
self.assertIs(a[:].__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a * 0).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a + ()).__class__, tuple)
a = madtuple(())
self.assertEqual(tuple(a), ())
self.assertIs(tuple(a).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a + a).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a * 0).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs((a * 2).__class__, tuple)
self.assertIs(a[:].__class__, tuple)
class madstring(str):
_rev = None
def rev(self):
if self._rev is not None:
return self._rev
L = list(self)
L.reverse()
self._rev = self.__class__("".join(L))
return self._rev
s = madstring("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
self.assertEqual(s, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
self.assertEqual(s.rev(), madstring("zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"))
self.assertEqual(s.rev().rev(), madstring("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"))
for i in range(256):
s = madstring("".join(map(chr, range(i))))
t = s.rev()
u = t.rev()
self.assertEqual(u, s)
s = madstring("12345")
self.assertEqual(str(s), "12345")
self.assertIs(str(s).__class__, str)
base = "\x00" * 5
s = madstring(base)
self.assertEqual(s, base)
self.assertEqual(str(s), base)
self.assertIs(str(s).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(hash(s), hash(base))
self.assertEqual({s: 1}[base], 1)
self.assertEqual({base: 1}[s], 1)
self.assertIs((s + "").__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s + "", base)
self.assertIs(("" + s).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual("" + s, base)
self.assertIs((s * 0).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s * 0, "")
self.assertIs((s * 1).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s * 1, base)
self.assertIs((s * 2).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s * 2, base + base)
self.assertIs(s[:].__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s[:], base)
self.assertIs(s[0:0].__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s[0:0], "")
self.assertIs(s.strip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.strip(), base)
self.assertIs(s.lstrip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.lstrip(), base)
self.assertIs(s.rstrip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.rstrip(), base)
identitytab = {}
self.assertIs(s.translate(identitytab).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.translate(identitytab), base)
self.assertIs(s.replace("x", "x").__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.replace("x", "x"), base)
self.assertIs(s.ljust(len(s)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.ljust(len(s)), base)
self.assertIs(s.rjust(len(s)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.rjust(len(s)), base)
self.assertIs(s.center(len(s)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.center(len(s)), base)
self.assertIs(s.lower().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(s.lower(), base)
class madunicode(str):
_rev = None
def rev(self):
if self._rev is not None:
return self._rev
L = list(self)
L.reverse()
self._rev = self.__class__("".join(L))
return self._rev
u = madunicode("ABCDEF")
self.assertEqual(u, "ABCDEF")
self.assertEqual(u.rev(), madunicode("FEDCBA"))
self.assertEqual(u.rev().rev(), madunicode("ABCDEF"))
base = "12345"
u = madunicode(base)
self.assertEqual(str(u), base)
self.assertIs(str(u).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(hash(u), hash(base))
self.assertEqual({u: 1}[base], 1)
self.assertEqual({base: 1}[u], 1)
self.assertIs(u.strip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.strip(), base)
self.assertIs(u.lstrip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.lstrip(), base)
self.assertIs(u.rstrip().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.rstrip(), base)
self.assertIs(u.replace("x", "x").__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.replace("x", "x"), base)
self.assertIs(u.replace("xy", "xy").__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.replace("xy", "xy"), base)
self.assertIs(u.center(len(u)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.center(len(u)), base)
self.assertIs(u.ljust(len(u)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.ljust(len(u)), base)
self.assertIs(u.rjust(len(u)).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.rjust(len(u)), base)
self.assertIs(u.lower().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.lower(), base)
self.assertIs(u.upper().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.upper(), base)
self.assertIs(u.capitalize().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.capitalize(), base)
self.assertIs(u.title().__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u.title(), base)
self.assertIs((u + "").__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u + "", base)
self.assertIs(("" + u).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual("" + u, base)
self.assertIs((u * 0).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u * 0, "")
self.assertIs((u * 1).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u * 1, base)
self.assertIs((u * 2).__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u * 2, base + base)
self.assertIs(u[:].__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u[:], base)
self.assertIs(u[0:0].__class__, str)
self.assertEqual(u[0:0], "")
class sublist(list):
pass
a = sublist(range(5))
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(5)))
a.append("hello")
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(5)) + ["hello"])
a[5] = 5
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(6)))
a.extend(range(6, 20))
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(20)))
a[-5:] = []
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(15)))
del a[10:15]
self.assertEqual(len(a), 10)
self.assertEqual(a, list(range(10)))
self.assertEqual(list(a), list(range(10)))
self.assertEqual(a[0], 0)
self.assertEqual(a[9], 9)
self.assertEqual(a[-10], 0)
self.assertEqual(a[-1], 9)
self.assertEqual(a[:5], list(range(5)))
## class CountedInput(file):
## """Counts lines read by self.readline().
##
## self.lineno is the 0-based ordinal of the last line read, up to
## a maximum of one greater than the number of lines in the file.
##
## self.ateof is true if and only if the final "" line has been read,
## at which point self.lineno stops incrementing, and further calls
## to readline() continue to return "".
## """
##
## lineno = 0
## ateof = 0
## def readline(self):
## if self.ateof:
## return ""
## s = file.readline(self)
## # Next line works too.
## # s = super(CountedInput, self).readline()
## self.lineno += 1
## if s == "":
## self.ateof = 1
## return s
##
## f = file(name=os_helper.TESTFN, mode='w')
## lines = ['a\n', 'b\n', 'c\n']
## try:
## f.writelines(lines)
## f.close()
## f = CountedInput(os_helper.TESTFN)
## for (i, expected) in zip(range(1, 5) + [4], lines + 2 * [""]):
## got = f.readline()
## self.assertEqual(expected, got)
## self.assertEqual(f.lineno, i)
## self.assertEqual(f.ateof, (i > len(lines)))
## f.close()
## finally:
## try:
## f.close()
## except:
## pass
## os_helper.unlink(os_helper.TESTFN)
def test_keywords(self):
# Testing keyword args to basic type constructors ...
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
int(x=1)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
float(x=2)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
bool(x=2)
self.assertEqual(complex(imag=42, real=666), complex(666, 42))
self.assertEqual(str(object=500), '500')
self.assertEqual(str(object=b'abc', errors='strict'), 'abc')
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
tuple(sequence=range(3))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
list(sequence=(0, 1, 2))
# note: as of Python 2.3, dict() no longer has an "items" keyword arg
for constructor in (int, float, int, complex, str, str,
tuple, list):
try:
constructor(bogus_keyword_arg=1)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("expected TypeError from bogus keyword argument to %r"
% constructor)
def test_str_subclass_as_dict_key(self):
# Testing a str subclass used as dict key ..
class cistr(str):
"""Subclass of str that computes __eq__ case-insensitively.
Also computes a hash code of the string in canonical form.
"""
def __init__(self, value):
self.canonical = value.lower()
self.hashcode = hash(self.canonical)
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, cistr):
other = cistr(other)
return self.canonical == other.canonical
def __hash__(self):
return self.hashcode
self.assertEqual(cistr('ABC'), 'abc')
self.assertEqual('aBc', cistr('ABC'))
self.assertEqual(str(cistr('ABC')), 'ABC')
d = {cistr('one'): 1, cistr('two'): 2, cistr('tHree'): 3}
self.assertEqual(d[cistr('one')], 1)
self.assertEqual(d[cistr('tWo')], 2)
self.assertEqual(d[cistr('THrEE')], 3)
self.assertIn(cistr('ONe'), d)
self.assertEqual(d.get(cistr('thrEE')), 3)
def test_classic_comparisons(self):
# Testing classic comparisons...
class classic:
pass
for base in (classic, int, object):
class C(base):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = int(value)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value == other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value == other
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value != other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value != other
return NotImplemented
def __lt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value < other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value < other
return NotImplemented
def __le__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value <= other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value <= other
return NotImplemented
def __gt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value > other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value > other
return NotImplemented
def __ge__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value >= other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value >= other
return NotImplemented
c1 = C(1)
c2 = C(2)
c3 = C(3)
self.assertEqual(c1, 1)
c = {1: c1, 2: c2, 3: c3}
for x in 1, 2, 3:
for y in 1, 2, 3:
for op in "<", "<=", "==", "!=", ">", ">=":
self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s c[y]" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s y" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
self.assertEqual(eval("x %s c[y]" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
def test_rich_comparisons(self):
# Testing rich comparisons...
class Z(complex):
pass
z = Z(1)
self.assertEqual(z, 1+0j)
self.assertEqual(1+0j, z)
class ZZ(complex):
def __eq__(self, other):
try:
return abs(self - other) <= 1e-6
except:
return NotImplemented
zz = ZZ(1.0000003)
self.assertEqual(zz, 1+0j)
self.assertEqual(1+0j, zz)
class classic:
pass
for base in (classic, int, object, list):
class C(base):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = int(value)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value == other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value == other
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value != other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value != other
return NotImplemented
def __lt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value < other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value < other
return NotImplemented
def __le__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value <= other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value <= other
return NotImplemented
def __gt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value > other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value > other
return NotImplemented
def __ge__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, C):
return self.value >= other.value
if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
return self.value >= other
return NotImplemented
c1 = C(1)
c2 = C(2)
c3 = C(3)
self.assertEqual(c1, 1)
c = {1: c1, 2: c2, 3: c3}
for x in 1, 2, 3:
for y in 1, 2, 3:
for op in "<", "<=", "==", "!=", ">", ">=":
self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s c[y]" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s y" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
self.assertEqual(eval("x %s c[y]" % op),
eval("x %s y" % op),
"x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
def test_descrdoc(self):
# Testing descriptor doc strings...
from _io import FileIO
def check(descr, what):
self.assertEqual(descr.__doc__, what)
check(FileIO.closed, "True if the file is closed") # getset descriptor
check(complex.real, "the real part of a complex number") # member descriptor
def test_doc_descriptor(self):
# Testing __doc__ descriptor...
# SF bug 542984
class DocDescr(object):
def __get__(self, object, otype):
if object:
object = object.__class__.__name__ + ' instance'
if otype:
otype = otype.__name__
return 'object=%s; type=%s' % (object, otype)
class NewClass:
__doc__ = DocDescr()
self.assertEqual(NewClass.__doc__, 'object=None; type=NewClass')
self.assertEqual(NewClass().__doc__, 'object=NewClass instance; type=NewClass')
def test_set_class(self):
# Testing __class__ assignment...
class C(object): pass
class D(object): pass
class E(object): pass
class F(D, E): pass
for cls in C, D, E, F:
for cls2 in C, D, E, F:
x = cls()
x.__class__ = cls2
self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls2)
x.__class__ = cls
self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls)
def cant(x, C):
try:
x.__class__ = C
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow %r.__class__ = %r" % (x, C))
try:
delattr(x, "__class__")
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow del %r.__class__" % x)
cant(C(), list)
cant(list(), C)
cant(C(), 1)
cant(C(), object)
cant(object(), list)
cant(list(), object)
class Int(int): __slots__ = []
cant(True, int)
cant(2, bool)
o = object()
cant(o, int)
cant(o, type(None))
del o
class G(object):
__slots__ = ["a", "b"]
class H(object):
__slots__ = ["b", "a"]
class I(object):
__slots__ = ["a", "b"]
class J(object):
__slots__ = ["c", "b"]
class K(object):
__slots__ = ["a", "b", "d"]
class L(H):
__slots__ = ["e"]
class M(I):
__slots__ = ["e"]
class N(J):
__slots__ = ["__weakref__"]
class P(J):
__slots__ = ["__dict__"]
class Q(J):
pass
class R(J):
__slots__ = ["__dict__", "__weakref__"]
for cls, cls2 in ((G, H), (G, I), (I, H), (Q, R), (R, Q)):
x = cls()
x.a = 1
x.__class__ = cls2
self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls2,
"assigning %r as __class__ for %r silently failed" % (cls2, x))
self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
x.__class__ = cls
self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls,
"assigning %r as __class__ for %r silently failed" % (cls, x))
self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
for cls in G, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, list, Int:
for cls2 in G, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, list, Int:
if cls is cls2:
continue
cant(cls(), cls2)
# Issue5283: when __class__ changes in __del__, the wrong
# type gets DECREF'd.
class O(object):
pass
class A(object):
def __del__(self):
self.__class__ = O
l = [A() for x in range(100)]
del l
def test_set_dict(self):
# Testing __dict__ assignment...
class C(object): pass
a = C()
a.__dict__ = {'b': 1}
self.assertEqual(a.b, 1)
def cant(x, dict):
try:
x.__dict__ = dict
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow %r.__dict__ = %r" % (x, dict))
cant(a, None)
cant(a, [])
cant(a, 1)
del a.__dict__ # Deleting __dict__ is allowed
class Base(object):
pass
def verify_dict_readonly(x):
"""
x has to be an instance of a class inheriting from Base.
"""
cant(x, {})
try:
del x.__dict__
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't allow del %r.__dict__" % x)
dict_descr = Base.__dict__["__dict__"]
try:
dict_descr.__set__(x, {})
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("dict_descr allowed access to %r's dict" % x)
# Classes don't allow __dict__ assignment and have readonly dicts
class Meta1(type, Base):
pass
class Meta2(Base, type):
pass
class D(object, metaclass=Meta1):
pass
class E(object, metaclass=Meta2):
pass
for cls in C, D, E:
verify_dict_readonly(cls)
class_dict = cls.__dict__
try:
class_dict["spam"] = "eggs"
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("%r's __dict__ can be modified" % cls)
# Modules also disallow __dict__ assignment
class Module1(types.ModuleType, Base):
pass
class Module2(Base, types.ModuleType):
pass
for ModuleType in Module1, Module2:
mod = ModuleType("spam")
verify_dict_readonly(mod)
mod.__dict__["spam"] = "eggs"
# Exception's __dict__ can be replaced, but not deleted
# (at least not any more than regular exception's __dict__ can
# be deleted; on CPython it is not the case, whereas on PyPy they
# can, just like any other new-style instance's __dict__.)
def can_delete_dict(e):
try:
del e.__dict__
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
return False
else:
return True
class Exception1(Exception, Base):
pass
class Exception2(Base, Exception):
pass
for ExceptionType in Exception, Exception1, Exception2:
e = ExceptionType()
e.__dict__ = {"a": 1}
self.assertEqual(e.a, 1)
self.assertEqual(can_delete_dict(e), can_delete_dict(ValueError()))
def test_binary_operator_override(self):
# Testing overrides of binary operations...
class I(int):
def __repr__(self):
return "I(%r)" % int(self)
def __add__(self, other):
return I(int(self) + int(other))
__radd__ = __add__
def __pow__(self, other, mod=None):
if mod is None:
return I(pow(int(self), int(other)))
else:
return I(pow(int(self), int(other), int(mod)))
def __rpow__(self, other, mod=None):
if mod is None:
return I(pow(int(other), int(self), mod))
else:
return I(pow(int(other), int(self), int(mod)))
self.assertEqual(repr(I(1) + I(2)), "I(3)")
self.assertEqual(repr(I(1) + 2), "I(3)")
self.assertEqual(repr(1 + I(2)), "I(3)")
self.assertEqual(repr(I(2) ** I(3)), "I(8)")
self.assertEqual(repr(2 ** I(3)), "I(8)")
self.assertEqual(repr(I(2) ** 3), "I(8)")
self.assertEqual(repr(pow(I(2), I(3), I(5))), "I(3)")
class S(str):
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.lower() == other.lower()
def test_subclass_propagation(self):
# Testing propagation of slot functions to subclasses...
class A(object):
pass
class B(A):
pass
class C(A):
pass
class D(B, C):
pass
d = D()
orig_hash = hash(d) # related to id(d) in platform-dependent ways
A.__hash__ = lambda self: 42
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 42)
C.__hash__ = lambda self: 314
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 314)
B.__hash__ = lambda self: 144
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 144)
D.__hash__ = lambda self: 100
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 100)
D.__hash__ = None
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
del D.__hash__
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 144)
B.__hash__ = None
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
del B.__hash__
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 314)
C.__hash__ = None
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
del C.__hash__
self.assertEqual(hash(d), 42)
A.__hash__ = None
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
del A.__hash__
self.assertEqual(hash(d), orig_hash)
d.foo = 42
d.bar = 42
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
def __getattribute__(self, name):
if name == "foo":
return 24
return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
A.__getattribute__ = __getattribute__
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
def __getattr__(self, name):
if name in ("spam", "foo", "bar"):
return "hello"
raise AttributeError(name)
B.__getattr__ = __getattr__
self.assertEqual(d.spam, "hello")
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
del A.__getattribute__
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 42)
del d.foo
self.assertEqual(d.foo, "hello")
self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
del B.__getattr__
try:
d.foo
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("d.foo should be undefined now")
# Test a nasty bug in recurse_down_subclasses()
class A(object):
pass
class B(A):
pass
del B
support.gc_collect()
A.__setitem__ = lambda *a: None # crash
def test_buffer_inheritance(self):
# Testing that buffer interface is inherited ...
import binascii
# SF bug [#470040] ParseTuple t# vs subclasses.
class MyBytes(bytes):
pass
base = b'abc'
m = MyBytes(base)
# b2a_hex uses the buffer interface to get its argument's value, via
# PyArg_ParseTuple 't#' code.
self.assertEqual(binascii.b2a_hex(m), binascii.b2a_hex(base))
class MyInt(int):
pass
m = MyInt(42)
try:
binascii.b2a_hex(m)
self.fail('subclass of int should not have a buffer interface')
except TypeError:
pass
def test_str_of_str_subclass(self):
# Testing __str__ defined in subclass of str ...
import binascii
class octetstring(str):
def __str__(self):
return binascii.b2a_hex(self.encode('ascii')).decode("ascii")
def __repr__(self):
return self + " repr"
o = octetstring('A')
self.assertEqual(type(o), octetstring)
self.assertEqual(type(str(o)), str)
self.assertEqual(type(repr(o)), str)
self.assertEqual(ord(o), 0x41)
self.assertEqual(str(o), '41')
self.assertEqual(repr(o), 'A repr')
self.assertEqual(o.__str__(), '41')
self.assertEqual(o.__repr__(), 'A repr')
def test_repr_with_module_str_subclass(self):
# gh-98783
class StrSub(str):
pass
class Some:
pass
Some.__module__ = StrSub('example')
self.assertIsInstance(repr(Some), str) # should not crash
self.assertIsInstance(repr(Some()), str) # should not crash
def test_keyword_arguments(self):
# Testing keyword arguments to __init__, __call__...
def f(a): return a
self.assertEqual(f.__call__(a=42), 42)
ba = bytearray()
bytearray.__init__(ba, 'abc\xbd\u20ac',
encoding='latin1', errors='replace')
self.assertEqual(ba, b'abc\xbd?')
def test_recursive_call(self):
# Testing recursive __call__() by setting to instance of class...
class A(object):
pass
A.__call__ = A()
with self.assertRaises(RecursionError):
A()()
def test_delete_hook(self):
# Testing __del__ hook...
log = []
class C(object):
def __del__(self):
log.append(1)
c = C()
self.assertEqual(log, [])
del c
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(log, [1])
class D(object): pass
d = D()
try: del d[0]
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("invalid del() didn't raise TypeError")
def test_hash_inheritance(self):
# Testing hash of mutable subclasses...
class mydict(dict):
pass
d = mydict()
try:
hash(d)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("hash() of dict subclass should fail")
class mylist(list):
pass
d = mylist()
try:
hash(d)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("hash() of list subclass should fail")
def test_str_operations(self):
try: 'a' + 5
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("'' + 5 doesn't raise TypeError")
try: ''.split('')
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail("''.split('') doesn't raise ValueError")
try: ''.join([0])
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("''.join([0]) doesn't raise TypeError")
try: ''.rindex('5')
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail("''.rindex('5') doesn't raise ValueError")
try: '%(n)s' % None
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("'%(n)s' % None doesn't raise TypeError")
try: '%(n' % {}
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail("'%(n' % {} '' doesn't raise ValueError")
try: '%*s' % ('abc')
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("'%*s' % ('abc') doesn't raise TypeError")
try: '%*.*s' % ('abc', 5)
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("'%*.*s' % ('abc', 5) doesn't raise TypeError")
try: '%s' % (1, 2)
except TypeError: pass
else: self.fail("'%s' % (1, 2) doesn't raise TypeError")
try: '%' % None
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail("'%' % None doesn't raise ValueError")
self.assertEqual('534253'.isdigit(), 1)
self.assertEqual('534253x'.isdigit(), 0)
self.assertEqual('%c' % 5, '\x05')
self.assertEqual('%c' % '5', '5')
def test_deepcopy_recursive(self):
# Testing deepcopy of recursive objects...
class Node:
pass
a = Node()
b = Node()
a.b = b
b.a = a
z = deepcopy(a) # This blew up before
def test_uninitialized_modules(self):
# Testing uninitialized module objects...
from types import ModuleType as M
m = M.__new__(M)
str(m)
self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "__name__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "__file__")
self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "foo")
self.assertFalse(m.__dict__) # None or {} are both reasonable answers
m.foo = 1
self.assertEqual(m.__dict__, {"foo": 1})
def test_funny_new(self):
# Testing __new__ returning something unexpected...
class C(object):
def __new__(cls, arg):
if isinstance(arg, str): return [1, 2, 3]
elif isinstance(arg, int): return object.__new__(D)
else: return object.__new__(cls)
class D(C):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.foo = arg
self.assertEqual(C("1"), [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(D("1"), [1, 2, 3])
d = D(None)
self.assertEqual(d.foo, None)
d = C(1)
self.assertIsInstance(d, D)
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
d = D(1)
self.assertIsInstance(d, D)
self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
class C(object):
@staticmethod
def __new__(*args):
return args
self.assertEqual(C(1, 2), (C, 1, 2))
class D(C):
pass
self.assertEqual(D(1, 2), (D, 1, 2))
class C(object):
@classmethod
def __new__(*args):
return args
self.assertEqual(C(1, 2), (C, C, 1, 2))
class D(C):
pass
self.assertEqual(D(1, 2), (D, D, 1, 2))
def test_imul_bug(self):
# Testing for __imul__ problems...
# SF bug 544647
class C(object):
def __imul__(self, other):
return (self, other)
x = C()
y = x
y *= 1.0
self.assertEqual(y, (x, 1.0))
y = x
y *= 2
self.assertEqual(y, (x, 2))
y = x
y *= 3
self.assertEqual(y, (x, 3))
y = x
y *= 1<<100
self.assertEqual(y, (x, 1<<100))
y = x
y *= None
self.assertEqual(y, (x, None))
y = x
y *= "foo"
self.assertEqual(y, (x, "foo"))
def test_copy_setstate(self):
# Testing that copy.*copy() correctly uses __setstate__...
import copy
class C(object):
def __init__(self, foo=None):
self.foo = foo
self.__foo = foo
def setfoo(self, foo=None):
self.foo = foo
def getfoo(self):
return self.__foo
def __getstate__(self):
return [self.foo]
def __setstate__(self_, lst):
self.assertEqual(len(lst), 1)
self_.__foo = self_.foo = lst[0]
a = C(42)
a.setfoo(24)
self.assertEqual(a.foo, 24)
self.assertEqual(a.getfoo(), 42)
b = copy.copy(a)
self.assertEqual(b.foo, 24)
self.assertEqual(b.getfoo(), 24)
b = copy.deepcopy(a)
self.assertEqual(b.foo, 24)
self.assertEqual(b.getfoo(), 24)
def test_slices(self):
# Testing cases with slices and overridden __getitem__ ...
# Strings
self.assertEqual("hello"[:4], "hell")
self.assertEqual("hello"[slice(4)], "hell")
self.assertEqual(str.__getitem__("hello", slice(4)), "hell")
class S(str):
def __getitem__(self, x):
return str.__getitem__(self, x)
self.assertEqual(S("hello")[:4], "hell")
self.assertEqual(S("hello")[slice(4)], "hell")
self.assertEqual(S("hello").__getitem__(slice(4)), "hell")
# Tuples
self.assertEqual((1,2,3)[:2], (1,2))
self.assertEqual((1,2,3)[slice(2)], (1,2))
self.assertEqual(tuple.__getitem__((1,2,3), slice(2)), (1,2))
class T(tuple):
def __getitem__(self, x):
return tuple.__getitem__(self, x)
self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3))[:2], (1,2))
self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3))[slice(2)], (1,2))
self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3)).__getitem__(slice(2)), (1,2))
# Lists
self.assertEqual([1,2,3][:2], [1,2])
self.assertEqual([1,2,3][slice(2)], [1,2])
self.assertEqual(list.__getitem__([1,2,3], slice(2)), [1,2])
class L(list):
def __getitem__(self, x):
return list.__getitem__(self, x)
self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3])[:2], [1,2])
self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3])[slice(2)], [1,2])
self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3]).__getitem__(slice(2)), [1,2])
# Now do lists and __setitem__
a = L([1,2,3])
a[slice(1, 3)] = [3,2]
self.assertEqual(a, [1,3,2])
a[slice(0, 2, 1)] = [3,1]
self.assertEqual(a, [3,1,2])
a.__setitem__(slice(1, 3), [2,1])
self.assertEqual(a, [3,2,1])
a.__setitem__(slice(0, 2, 1), [2,3])
self.assertEqual(a, [2,3,1])
def test_subtype_resurrection(self):
# Testing resurrection of new-style instance...
class C(object):
container = []
def __del__(self):
# resurrect the instance
C.container.append(self)
c = C()
c.attr = 42
# The most interesting thing here is whether this blows up, due to
# flawed GC tracking logic in typeobject.c's call_finalizer() (a 2.2.1
# bug).
del c
support.gc_collect()
self.assertEqual(len(C.container), 1)
# Make c mortal again, so that the test framework with -l doesn't report
# it as a leak.
del C.__del__
def test_slots_trash(self):
# Testing slot trash...
# Deallocating deeply nested slotted trash caused stack overflows
class trash(object):
__slots__ = ['x']
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
o = None
for i in range(50000):
o = trash(o)
del o
def test_slots_multiple_inheritance(self):
# SF bug 575229, multiple inheritance w/ slots dumps core
class A(object):
__slots__=()
class B(object):
pass
class C(A,B) :
__slots__=()
if support.check_impl_detail():
self.assertEqual(C.__basicsize__, B.__basicsize__)
self.assertHasAttr(C, '__dict__')
self.assertHasAttr(C, '__weakref__')
C().x = 2
def test_rmul(self):
# Testing correct invocation of __rmul__...
# SF patch 592646
class C(object):
def __mul__(self, other):
return "mul"
def __rmul__(self, other):
return "rmul"
a = C()
self.assertEqual(a*2, "mul")
self.assertEqual(a*2.2, "mul")
self.assertEqual(2*a, "rmul")
self.assertEqual(2.2*a, "rmul")
def test_ipow(self):
# Testing correct invocation of __ipow__...
# [SF bug 620179]
class C(object):
def __ipow__(self, other):
pass
a = C()
a **= 2
def test_ipow_returns_not_implemented(self):
class A:
def __ipow__(self, other):
return NotImplemented
class B(A):
def __rpow__(self, other):
return 1
class C(A):
def __pow__(self, other):
return 2
a = A()
b = B()
c = C()
a **= b
self.assertEqual(a, 1)
c **= b
self.assertEqual(c, 2)
def test_no_ipow(self):
class B:
def __rpow__(self, other):
return 1
a = object()
b = B()
a **= b
self.assertEqual(a, 1)
def test_ipow_exception_text(self):
x = None
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
x **= 2
self.assertIn('unsupported operand type(s) for **=', str(cm.exception))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
y = x ** 2
self.assertIn('unsupported operand type(s) for **', str(cm.exception))
def test_pow_wrapper_error_messages(self):
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 0',
int().__pow__)
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 3',
int().__pow__, 1, 2, 3)
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 0',
int().__rpow__)
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 3',
int().__rpow__, 1, 2, 3)
def test_mutable_bases(self):
# Testing mutable bases...
# stuff that should work:
class C(object):
pass
class C2(object):
def __getattribute__(self, attr):
if attr == 'a':
return 2
else:
return super(C2, self).__getattribute__(attr)
def meth(self):
return 1
class D(C):
pass
class E(D):
pass
d = D()
e = E()
D.__bases__ = (C,)
D.__bases__ = (C2,)
self.assertEqual(d.meth(), 1)
self.assertEqual(e.meth(), 1)
self.assertEqual(d.a, 2)
self.assertEqual(e.a, 2)
self.assertEqual(C2.__subclasses__(), [D])
try:
del D.__bases__
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't be able to delete .__bases__")
try:
D.__bases__ = ()
except TypeError as msg:
if str(msg) == "a new-style class can't have only classic bases":
self.fail("wrong error message for .__bases__ = ()")
else:
self.fail("shouldn't be able to set .__bases__ to ()")
try:
D.__bases__ = (D,)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
# actually, we'll have crashed by here...
self.fail("shouldn't be able to create inheritance cycles")
try:
D.__bases__ = (C, C)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("didn't detect repeated base classes")
try:
D.__bases__ = (E,)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't be able to create inheritance cycles")
def test_builtin_bases(self):
# Make sure all the builtin types can have their base queried without
# segfaulting. See issue #5787.
builtin_types = [tp for tp in builtins.__dict__.values()
if isinstance(tp, type)]
for tp in builtin_types:
object.__getattribute__(tp, "__bases__")
if tp is not object:
if tp is ExceptionGroup:
num_bases = 2
else:
num_bases = 1
self.assertEqual(len(tp.__bases__), num_bases, tp)
class L(list):
pass
class C(object):
pass
class D(C):
pass
try:
L.__bases__ = (dict,)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't turn list subclass into dict subclass")
try:
list.__bases__ = (dict,)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't be able to assign to list.__bases__")
try:
D.__bases__ = (C, list)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("best_base calculation found wanting")
def test_unsubclassable_types(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(type(None)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(object, type(None)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(type(None), object):
pass
class O(object):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(O, type(None)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(type(None), O):
pass
class X(object):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X.__bases__ = type(None),
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X.__bases__ = object, type(None)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X.__bases__ = type(None), object
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X.__bases__ = O, type(None)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X.__bases__ = type(None), O
def test_mutable_bases_with_failing_mro(self):
# Testing mutable bases with failing mro...
class WorkOnce(type):
def __new__(self, name, bases, ns):
self.flag = 0
return super(WorkOnce, self).__new__(WorkOnce, name, bases, ns)
def mro(self):
if self.flag > 0:
raise RuntimeError("bozo")
else:
self.flag += 1
return type.mro(self)
class WorkAlways(type):
def mro(self):
# this is here to make sure that .mro()s aren't called
# with an exception set (which was possible at one point).
# An error message will be printed in a debug build.
# What's a good way to test for this?
return type.mro(self)
class C(object):
pass
class C2(object):
pass
class D(C):
pass
class E(D):
pass
class F(D, metaclass=WorkOnce):
pass
class G(D, metaclass=WorkAlways):
pass
# Immediate subclasses have their mro's adjusted in alphabetical
# order, so E's will get adjusted before adjusting F's fails. We
# check here that E's gets restored.
E_mro_before = E.__mro__
D_mro_before = D.__mro__
try:
D.__bases__ = (C2,)
except RuntimeError:
self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, E_mro_before)
self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, D_mro_before)
else:
self.fail("exception not propagated")
def test_mutable_bases_catch_mro_conflict(self):
# Testing mutable bases catch mro conflict...
class A(object):
pass
class B(object):
pass
class C(A, B):
pass
class D(A, B):
pass
class E(C, D):
pass
try:
C.__bases__ = (B, A)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("didn't catch MRO conflict")
def test_mutable_names(self):
# Testing mutable names...
class C(object):
pass
# C.__module__ could be 'test_descr' or '__main__'
mod = C.__module__
C.__name__ = 'D'
self.assertEqual((C.__module__, C.__name__), (mod, 'D'))
C.__name__ = 'D.E'
self.assertEqual((C.__module__, C.__name__), (mod, 'D.E'))
def test_evil_type_name(self):
# A badly placed Py_DECREF in type_set_name led to arbitrary code
# execution while the type structure was not in a sane state, and a
# possible segmentation fault as a result. See bug #16447.
class Nasty(str):
def __del__(self):
C.__name__ = "other"
class C:
pass
C.__name__ = Nasty("abc")
C.__name__ = "normal"
def test_subclass_right_op(self):
# Testing correct dispatch of subclass overloading __r<op>__...
# This code tests various cases where right-dispatch of a subclass
# should be preferred over left-dispatch of a base class.
# Case 1: subclass of int; this tests code in abstract.c::binary_op1()
class B(int):
def __floordiv__(self, other):
return "B.__floordiv__"
def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
return "B.__rfloordiv__"
self.assertEqual(B(1) // 1, "B.__floordiv__")
self.assertEqual(1 // B(1), "B.__rfloordiv__")
# Case 2: subclass of object; this is just the baseline for case 3
class C(object):
def __floordiv__(self, other):
return "C.__floordiv__"
def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
return "C.__rfloordiv__"
self.assertEqual(C() // 1, "C.__floordiv__")
self.assertEqual(1 // C(), "C.__rfloordiv__")
# Case 3: subclass of new-style class; here it gets interesting
class D(C):
def __floordiv__(self, other):
return "D.__floordiv__"
def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
return "D.__rfloordiv__"
self.assertEqual(D() // C(), "D.__floordiv__")
self.assertEqual(C() // D(), "D.__rfloordiv__")
# Case 4: this didn't work right in 2.2.2 and 2.3a1
class E(C):
pass
self.assertEqual(E.__rfloordiv__, C.__rfloordiv__)
self.assertEqual(E() // 1, "C.__floordiv__")
self.assertEqual(1 // E(), "C.__rfloordiv__")
self.assertEqual(E() // C(), "C.__floordiv__")
self.assertEqual(C() // E(), "C.__floordiv__") # This one would fail
@support.impl_detail("testing an internal kind of method object")
def test_meth_class_get(self):
# Testing __get__ method of METH_CLASS C methods...
# Full coverage of descrobject.c::classmethod_get()
# Baseline
arg = [1, 2, 3]
res = {1: None, 2: None, 3: None}
self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(arg), res)
self.assertEqual({}.fromkeys(arg), res)
# Now get the descriptor
descr = dict.__dict__["fromkeys"]
# More baseline using the descriptor directly
self.assertEqual(descr.__get__(None, dict)(arg), res)
self.assertEqual(descr.__get__({})(arg), res)
# Now check various error cases
try:
descr.__get__(None, None)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, None)")
try:
descr.__get__(42)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(42)")
try:
descr.__get__(None, 42)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, 42)")
try:
descr.__get__(None, int)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, int)")
def test_isinst_isclass(self):
# Testing proxy isinstance() and isclass()...
class Proxy(object):
def __init__(self, obj):
self.__obj = obj
def __getattribute__(self, name):
if name.startswith("_Proxy__"):
return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
else:
return getattr(self.__obj, name)
# Test with a classic class
class C:
pass
a = C()
pa = Proxy(a)
self.assertIsInstance(a, C) # Baseline
self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
# Test with a classic subclass
class D(C):
pass
a = D()
pa = Proxy(a)
self.assertIsInstance(a, C) # Baseline
self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
# Test with a new-style class
class C(object):
pass
a = C()
pa = Proxy(a)
self.assertIsInstance(a, C) # Baseline
self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
# Test with a new-style subclass
class D(C):
pass
a = D()
pa = Proxy(a)
self.assertIsInstance(a, C) # Baseline
self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
def test_proxy_super(self):
# Testing super() for a proxy object...
class Proxy(object):
def __init__(self, obj):
self.__obj = obj
def __getattribute__(self, name):
if name.startswith("_Proxy__"):
return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
else:
return getattr(self.__obj, name)
class B(object):
def f(self):
return "B.f"
class C(B):
def f(self):
return super(C, self).f() + "->C.f"
obj = C()
p = Proxy(obj)
self.assertEqual(C.__dict__["f"](p), "B.f->C.f")
def test_carloverre(self):
# Testing prohibition of Carlo Verre's hack...
try:
object.__setattr__(str, "foo", 42)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("Carlo Verre __setattr__ succeeded!")
try:
object.__delattr__(str, "lower")
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("Carlo Verre __delattr__ succeeded!")
def test_carloverre_multi_inherit_valid(self):
class A(type):
def __setattr__(cls, key, value):
type.__setattr__(cls, key, value)
class B:
pass
class C(B, A):
pass
obj = C('D', (object,), {})
try:
obj.test = True
except TypeError:
self.fail("setattr through direct base types should be legal")
def test_carloverre_multi_inherit_invalid(self):
class A(type):
def __setattr__(cls, key, value):
object.__setattr__(cls, key, value) # this should fail!
class B:
pass
class C(B, A):
pass
obj = C('D', (object,), {})
try:
obj.test = True
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("setattr through indirect base types should be rejected")
def test_weakref_segfault(self):
# Testing weakref segfault...
# SF 742911
import weakref
class Provoker:
def __init__(self, referrent):
self.ref = weakref.ref(referrent)
def __del__(self):
x = self.ref()
class Oops(object):
pass
o = Oops()
o.whatever = Provoker(o)
del o
@support.requires_resource('cpu')
def test_wrapper_segfault(self):
# SF 927248: deeply nested wrappers could cause stack overflow
f = lambda:None
for i in range(1000000):
f = f.__call__
f = None
def test_file_fault(self):
# Testing sys.stdout is changed in getattr...
class StdoutGuard:
def __getattr__(self, attr):
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
raise RuntimeError(f"Premature access to sys.stdout.{attr}")
with redirect_stdout(StdoutGuard()):
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
print("Oops!")
def test_vicious_descriptor_nonsense(self):
# Testing vicious_descriptor_nonsense...
# A potential segfault spotted by Thomas Wouters in mail to
# python-dev 2003-04-17, turned into an example & fixed by Michael
# Hudson just less than four months later...
class Evil(object):
def __hash__(self):
return hash('attr')
def __eq__(self, other):
try:
del C.attr
except AttributeError:
# possible race condition
pass
return 0
class Descr(object):
def __get__(self, ob, type=None):
return 1
class C(object):
attr = Descr()
c = C()
c.__dict__[Evil()] = 0
self.assertEqual(c.attr, 1)
# this makes a crash more likely:
support.gc_collect()
self.assertNotHasAttr(c, 'attr')
def test_init(self):
# SF 1155938
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self):
return 10
try:
Foo()
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail("did not test __init__() for None return")
def assertNotOrderable(self, a, b):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a < b
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a > b
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a <= b
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a >= b
def test_method_wrapper(self):
# Testing method-wrapper objects...
# <type 'method-wrapper'> did not support any reflection before 2.5
l = []
self.assertTrue(l.__add__ == l.__add__)
self.assertFalse(l.__add__ != l.__add__)
self.assertFalse(l.__add__ == [].__add__)
self.assertTrue(l.__add__ != [].__add__)
self.assertFalse(l.__add__ == l.__mul__)
self.assertTrue(l.__add__ != l.__mul__)
self.assertNotOrderable(l.__add__, l.__add__)
self.assertEqual(l.__add__.__name__, '__add__')
self.assertIs(l.__add__.__self__, l)
self.assertIs(l.__add__.__objclass__, list)
self.assertEqual(l.__add__.__doc__, list.__add__.__doc__)
# hash([].__add__) should not be based on hash([])
hash(l.__add__)
def test_builtin_function_or_method(self):
# Not really belonging to test_descr, but introspection and
# comparison on <type 'builtin_function_or_method'> seems not
# to be tested elsewhere
l = []
self.assertTrue(l.append == l.append)
self.assertFalse(l.append != l.append)
self.assertFalse(l.append == [].append)
self.assertTrue(l.append != [].append)
self.assertFalse(l.append == l.pop)
self.assertTrue(l.append != l.pop)
self.assertNotOrderable(l.append, l.append)
self.assertEqual(l.append.__name__, 'append')
self.assertIs(l.append.__self__, l)
# self.assertIs(l.append.__objclass__, list) --- could be added?
self.assertEqual(l.append.__doc__, list.append.__doc__)
# hash([].append) should not be based on hash([])
hash(l.append)
def test_special_unbound_method_types(self):
# Testing objects of <type 'wrapper_descriptor'>...
self.assertTrue(list.__add__ == list.__add__)
self.assertFalse(list.__add__ != list.__add__)
self.assertFalse(list.__add__ == list.__mul__)
self.assertTrue(list.__add__ != list.__mul__)
self.assertNotOrderable(list.__add__, list.__add__)
self.assertEqual(list.__add__.__name__, '__add__')
self.assertIs(list.__add__.__objclass__, list)
# Testing objects of <type 'method_descriptor'>...
self.assertTrue(list.append == list.append)
self.assertFalse(list.append != list.append)
self.assertFalse(list.append == list.pop)
self.assertTrue(list.append != list.pop)
self.assertNotOrderable(list.append, list.append)
self.assertEqual(list.append.__name__, 'append')
self.assertIs(list.append.__objclass__, list)
def test_not_implemented(self):
# Testing NotImplemented...
# all binary methods should be able to return a NotImplemented
def specialmethod(self, other):
return NotImplemented
def check(expr, x, y):
with (
self.subTest(expr=expr, x=x, y=y),
self.assertRaises(TypeError),
):
exec(expr, {'x': x, 'y': y})
N1 = sys.maxsize + 1 # might trigger OverflowErrors instead of
# TypeErrors
N2 = sys.maxsize # if sizeof(int) < sizeof(long), might trigger
# ValueErrors instead of TypeErrors
for name, expr, iexpr in [
('__add__', 'x + y', 'x += y'),
('__sub__', 'x - y', 'x -= y'),
('__mul__', 'x * y', 'x *= y'),
('__matmul__', 'x @ y', 'x @= y'),
('__truediv__', 'x / y', 'x /= y'),
('__floordiv__', 'x // y', 'x //= y'),
('__mod__', 'x % y', 'x %= y'),
('__divmod__', 'divmod(x, y)', None),
('__pow__', 'x ** y', 'x **= y'),
('__lshift__', 'x << y', 'x <<= y'),
('__rshift__', 'x >> y', 'x >>= y'),
('__and__', 'x & y', 'x &= y'),
('__or__', 'x | y', 'x |= y'),
('__xor__', 'x ^ y', 'x ^= y')]:
# Defines 'left' magic method:
A = type('A', (), {name: specialmethod})
a = A()
check(expr, a, a)
check(expr, a, N1)
check(expr, a, N2)
# Defines 'right' magic method:
rname = '__r' + name[2:]
B = type('B', (), {rname: specialmethod})
b = B()
check(expr, b, b)
check(expr, a, b)
check(expr, b, a)
check(expr, b, N1)
check(expr, b, N2)
check(expr, N1, b)
check(expr, N2, b)
if iexpr:
check(iexpr, a, a)
check(iexpr, a, N1)
check(iexpr, a, N2)
iname = '__i' + name[2:]
C = type('C', (), {iname: specialmethod})
c = C()
check(iexpr, c, a)
check(iexpr, c, N1)
check(iexpr, c, N2)
def test_assign_slice(self):
# ceval.c's assign_slice used to check for
# tp->tp_as_sequence->sq_slice instead of
# tp->tp_as_sequence->sq_ass_slice
class C(object):
def __setitem__(self, idx, value):
self.value = value
c = C()
c[1:2] = 3
self.assertEqual(c.value, 3)
def test_set_and_no_get(self):
# See
# http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2010-January/095637.html
class Descr(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __set__(self, obj, value):
obj.__dict__[self.name] = value
descr = Descr("a")
class X(object):
a = descr
x = X()
self.assertIs(x.a, descr)
x.a = 42
self.assertEqual(x.a, 42)
# Also check type_getattro for correctness.
class Meta(type):
pass
class X(metaclass=Meta):
pass
X.a = 42
Meta.a = Descr("a")
self.assertEqual(X.a, 42)
def test_getattr_hooks(self):
# issue 4230
class Descriptor(object):
counter = 0
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
def getter(name):
self.counter += 1
raise AttributeError(name)
return getter
descr = Descriptor()
class A(object):
__getattribute__ = descr
class B(object):
__getattr__ = descr
class C(object):
__getattribute__ = descr
__getattr__ = descr
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, A(), "attr")
self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 1)
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, B(), "attr")
self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 2)
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, C(), "attr")
self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 4)
class EvilGetattribute(object):
# This used to segfault
def __getattr__(self, name):
raise AttributeError(name)
def __getattribute__(self, name):
del EvilGetattribute.__getattr__
for i in range(5):
gc.collect()
raise AttributeError(name)
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, EvilGetattribute(), "attr")
def test_type___getattribute__(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, type.__getattribute__, list, type)
def test_abstractmethods(self):
# type pretends not to have __abstractmethods__.
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, type, "__abstractmethods__")
class meta(type):
pass
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, meta, "__abstractmethods__")
class X(object):
pass
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
del X.__abstractmethods__
def test_gh55664(self):
# gh-55664: issue a warning when the
# __dict__ of a class contains non-string keys
with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'MyClass'):
MyClass = type('MyClass', (), {1: 2})
class meta(type):
def __new__(mcls, name, bases, ns):
ns[1] = 2
return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, ns)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'MyClass'):
MyClass = meta('MyClass', (), {})
def test_proxy_call(self):
class FakeStr:
__class__ = str
fake_str = FakeStr()
# isinstance() reads __class__
self.assertIsInstance(fake_str, str)
# call a method descriptor
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
str.split(fake_str)
# call a slot wrapper descriptor
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
str.__add__(fake_str, "abc")
def test_specialized_method_calls_check_types(self):
# https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92063
class Thing:
pass
thing = Thing()
for i in range(20):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
list.sort(thing)
for i in range(20):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
str.split(thing)
for i in range(20):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS
str.upper(thing)
for i in range(20):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST
str.strip(thing)
from collections import deque
for i in range(20):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O
deque.append(thing, thing)
def test_repr_as_str(self):
# Issue #11603: crash or infinite loop when rebinding __str__ as
# __repr__.
class Foo:
pass
Foo.__repr__ = Foo.__str__
foo = Foo()
self.assertRaises(RecursionError, str, foo)
self.assertRaises(RecursionError, repr, foo)
def test_mixing_slot_wrappers(self):
class X(dict):
__setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
__neg__ = dict.copy
x = X()
x.y = 42
self.assertEqual(x["y"], 42)
self.assertEqual(x, -x)
def test_wrong_class_slot_wrapper(self):
# Check bpo-37619: a wrapper descriptor taken from the wrong class
# should raise an exception instead of silently being ignored
class A(int):
__eq__ = str.__eq__
__add__ = str.__add__
a = A()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a == a
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a + a
def test_slot_shadows_class_variable(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
class X:
__slots__ = ["foo"]
foo = None
m = str(cm.exception)
self.assertEqual("'foo' in __slots__ conflicts with class variable", m)
def test_set_doc(self):
class X:
"elephant"
X.__doc__ = "banana"
self.assertEqual(X.__doc__, "banana")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
type(list).__dict__["__doc__"].__set__(list, "blah")
self.assertIn("cannot set '__doc__' attribute of immutable type 'list'", str(cm.exception))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
type(X).__dict__["__doc__"].__delete__(X)
self.assertIn("cannot delete '__doc__' attribute of immutable type 'X'", str(cm.exception))
self.assertEqual(X.__doc__, "banana")
def test_qualname(self):
descriptors = [str.lower, complex.real, float.real, int.__add__]
types = ['method', 'member', 'getset', 'wrapper']
# make sure we have an example of each type of descriptor
for d, n in zip(descriptors, types):
self.assertEqual(type(d).__name__, n + '_descriptor')
for d in descriptors:
qualname = d.__objclass__.__qualname__ + '.' + d.__name__
self.assertEqual(d.__qualname__, qualname)
self.assertEqual(str.lower.__qualname__, 'str.lower')
self.assertEqual(complex.real.__qualname__, 'complex.real')
self.assertEqual(float.real.__qualname__, 'float.real')
self.assertEqual(int.__add__.__qualname__, 'int.__add__')
class X:
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
del X.__qualname__
self.assertRaises(TypeError, type.__dict__['__qualname__'].__set__,
str, 'Oink')
global Y
class Y:
class Inside:
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.__qualname__, 'Y')
self.assertEqual(Y.Inside.__qualname__, 'Y.Inside')
def test_qualname_dict(self):
ns = {'__qualname__': 'some.name'}
tp = type('Foo', (), ns)
self.assertEqual(tp.__qualname__, 'some.name')
self.assertNotIn('__qualname__', tp.__dict__)
self.assertEqual(ns, {'__qualname__': 'some.name'})
ns = {'__qualname__': 1}
self.assertRaises(TypeError, type, 'Foo', (), ns)
def test_cycle_through_dict(self):
# See bug #1469629
class X(dict):
def __init__(self):
dict.__init__(self)
self.__dict__ = self
x = X()
x.attr = 42
wr = weakref.ref(x)
del x
support.gc_collect()
self.assertIsNone(wr())
for o in gc.get_objects():
self.assertIsNot(type(o), X)
def test_object_new_and_init_with_parameters(self):
# See issue #1683368
class OverrideNeither:
pass
self.assertRaises(TypeError, OverrideNeither, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, OverrideNeither, kw=1)
class OverrideNew:
def __new__(cls, foo, kw=0, *args, **kwds):
return object.__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
class OverrideInit:
def __init__(self, foo, kw=0, *args, **kwargs):
return object.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
class OverrideBoth(OverrideNew, OverrideInit):
pass
for case in OverrideNew, OverrideInit, OverrideBoth:
case(1)
case(1, kw=2)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, case, 1, 2, 3)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, case, 1, 2, foo=3)
def test_subclassing_does_not_duplicate_dict_descriptors(self):
class Base:
pass
class Sub(Base):
pass
self.assertIn("__dict__", Base.__dict__)
self.assertNotIn("__dict__", Sub.__dict__)
def test_bound_method_repr(self):
class Foo:
def method(self):
pass
self.assertRegex(repr(Foo().method),
r"<bound method .*Foo\.method of <.*Foo object at .*>>")
class Base:
def method(self):
pass
class Derived1(Base):
pass
class Derived2(Base):
def method(self):
pass
base = Base()
derived1 = Derived1()
derived2 = Derived2()
super_d2 = super(Derived2, derived2)
self.assertRegex(repr(base.method),
r"<bound method .*Base\.method of <.*Base object at .*>>")
self.assertRegex(repr(derived1.method),
r"<bound method .*Base\.method of <.*Derived1 object at .*>>")
self.assertRegex(repr(derived2.method),
r"<bound method .*Derived2\.method of <.*Derived2 object at .*>>")
self.assertRegex(repr(super_d2.method),
r"<bound method .*Base\.method of <.*Derived2 object at .*>>")
class Foo:
@classmethod
def method(cls):
pass
foo = Foo()
self.assertRegex(repr(foo.method), # access via instance
r"<bound method .*Foo\.method of <class '.*Foo'>>")
self.assertRegex(repr(Foo.method), # access via the class
r"<bound method .*Foo\.method of <class '.*Foo'>>")
class MyCallable:
def __call__(self, arg):
pass
func = MyCallable() # func has no __name__ or __qualname__ attributes
instance = object()
method = types.MethodType(func, instance)
self.assertRegex(repr(method),
r"<bound method \? of <object object at .*>>")
func.__name__ = "name"
self.assertRegex(repr(method),
r"<bound method name of <object object at .*>>")
func.__qualname__ = "qualname"
self.assertRegex(repr(method),
r"<bound method qualname of <object object at .*>>")
@unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need the _testcapi module')
def test_bpo25750(self):
# bpo-25750: calling a descriptor (implemented as built-in
# function with METH_FASTCALL) should not crash CPython if the
# descriptor deletes itself from the class.
class Descr:
__get__ = _testcapi.bad_get
class X:
descr = Descr()
def __new__(cls):
cls.descr = None
# Create this large list to corrupt some unused memory
cls.lst = [2**i for i in range(10000)]
X.descr
def test_remove_subclass(self):
# bpo-46417: when the last subclass of a type is deleted,
# remove_subclass() clears the internal dictionary of subclasses:
# set PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses to NULL. remove_subclass() is called
# when a type is deallocated.
class Parent:
pass
self.assertEqual(Parent.__subclasses__(), [])
class Child(Parent):
pass
self.assertEqual(Parent.__subclasses__(), [Child])
del Child
gc.collect()
self.assertEqual(Parent.__subclasses__(), [])
def test_instance_method_get_behavior(self):
# test case for gh-113157
class A:
def meth(self):
return self
class B:
pass
a = A()
b = B()
b.meth = a.meth.__get__(b, B)
self.assertEqual(b.meth(), a)
def test_attr_raise_through_property(self):
# test case for gh-103272
class A:
def __getattr__(self, name):
raise ValueError("FOO")
@property
def foo(self):
return self.__getattr__("asdf")
with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "FOO"):
A().foo
# test case for gh-103551
class B:
@property
def __getattr__(self, name):
raise ValueError("FOO")
@property
def foo(self):
raise NotImplementedError("BAR")
with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotImplementedError, "BAR"):
B().foo
class DictProxyTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
class C(object):
def meth(self):
pass
self.C = C
@unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
'trace function introduces __local__')
def test_iter_keys(self):
# Testing dict-proxy keys...
it = self.C.__dict__.keys()
self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
keys = list(it)
keys.sort()
self.assertEqual(keys, ['__dict__', '__doc__', '__firstlineno__',
'__module__',
'__static_attributes__', '__weakref__',
'meth'])
@unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
'trace function introduces __local__')
def test_iter_values(self):
# Testing dict-proxy values...
it = self.C.__dict__.values()
self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
values = list(it)
self.assertEqual(len(values), 7)
@unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
'trace function introduces __local__')
def test_iter_items(self):
# Testing dict-proxy iteritems...
it = self.C.__dict__.items()
self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
keys = [item[0] for item in it]
keys.sort()
self.assertEqual(keys, ['__dict__', '__doc__', '__firstlineno__',
'__module__',
'__static_attributes__', '__weakref__',
'meth'])
def test_dict_type_with_metaclass(self):
# Testing type of __dict__ when metaclass set...
class B(object):
pass
class M(type):
pass
class C(metaclass=M):
# In 2.3a1, C.__dict__ was a real dict rather than a dict proxy
pass
self.assertEqual(type(C.__dict__), type(B.__dict__))
def test_repr(self):
# Testing mappingproxy.__repr__.
# We can't blindly compare with the repr of another dict as ordering
# of keys and values is arbitrary and may differ.
r = repr(self.C.__dict__)
self.assertTrue(r.startswith('mappingproxy('), r)
self.assertTrue(r.endswith(')'), r)
for k, v in self.C.__dict__.items():
self.assertIn('{!r}: {!r}'.format(k, v), r)
class AAAPTypesLongInitTest(unittest.TestCase):
# This is in its own TestCase so that it can be run before any other tests.
# (Hence the 'AAA' in the test class name: to make it the first
# item in a list sorted by name, like
# unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames() does.)
def test_pytype_long_ready(self):
# Testing SF bug 551412 ...
# This dumps core when SF bug 551412 isn't fixed --
# but only when test_descr.py is run separately.
# (That can't be helped -- as soon as PyType_Ready()
# is called for PyLong_Type, the bug is gone.)
class UserLong(object):
def __pow__(self, *args):
pass
try:
pow(0, UserLong(), 0)
except:
pass
# Another segfault only when run early
# (before PyType_Ready(tuple) is called)
type.mro(tuple)
class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_type_lookup_mro_reference(self):
# Issue #14199: _PyType_Lookup() has to keep a strong reference to
# the type MRO because it may be modified during the lookup, if
# __bases__ is set during the lookup for example.
class MyKey(object):
def __hash__(self):
return hash('mykey')
def __eq__(self, other):
X.__bases__ = (Base2,)
class Base(object):
mykey = 'from Base'
mykey2 = 'from Base'
class Base2(object):
mykey = 'from Base2'
mykey2 = 'from Base2'
with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'X'):
X = type('X', (Base,), {MyKey(): 5})
# mykey is read from Base
self.assertEqual(X.mykey, 'from Base')
# mykey2 is read from Base2 because MyKey.__eq__ has set __bases__
self.assertEqual(X.mykey2, 'from Base2')
class PicklingTests(unittest.TestCase):
def _check_reduce(self, proto, obj, args=(), kwargs={}, state=None,
listitems=None, dictitems=None):
if proto >= 2:
reduce_value = obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
if kwargs:
self.assertEqual(reduce_value[0], copyreg.__newobj_ex__)
self.assertEqual(reduce_value[1], (type(obj), args, kwargs))
else:
self.assertEqual(reduce_value[0], copyreg.__newobj__)
self.assertEqual(reduce_value[1], (type(obj),) + args)
self.assertEqual(reduce_value[2], state)
if listitems is not None:
self.assertListEqual(list(reduce_value[3]), listitems)
else:
self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[3])
if dictitems is not None:
self.assertDictEqual(dict(reduce_value[4]), dictitems)
else:
self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[4])
else:
base_type = type(obj).__base__
reduce_value = (copyreg._reconstructor,
(type(obj),
base_type,
None if base_type is object else base_type(obj)))
if state is not None:
reduce_value += (state,)
self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce_ex__(proto), reduce_value)
self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce__(), reduce_value)
def test_reduce(self):
protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
args = (-101, "spam")
kwargs = {'bacon': -201, 'fish': -301}
state = {'cheese': -401}
class C1:
def __getnewargs__(self):
return args
obj = C1()
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
for name, value in state.items():
setattr(obj, name, value)
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, state=state)
class C2:
def __getnewargs__(self):
return "bad args"
obj = C2()
for proto in protocols:
if proto >= 2:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
class C3:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return (args, kwargs)
obj = C3()
for proto in protocols:
if proto >= 2:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, kwargs)
class C4:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return (args, "bad dict")
class C5:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return ("bad tuple", kwargs)
class C6:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return ()
class C7:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return "bad args"
for proto in protocols:
for cls in C4, C5, C6, C7:
obj = cls()
if proto >= 2:
with self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError)):
obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
class C9:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
return (args, {})
obj = C9()
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
class C10:
def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
raise IndexError
obj = C10()
for proto in protocols:
if proto >= 2:
with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
class C11:
def __getstate__(self):
return state
obj = C11()
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=state)
class C12:
def __getstate__(self):
return "not dict"
obj = C12()
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state="not dict")
class C13:
def __getstate__(self):
raise IndexError
obj = C13()
for proto in protocols:
with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
if proto < 2:
with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
obj.__reduce__()
class C14:
__slots__ = tuple(state)
def __init__(self):
for name, value in state.items():
setattr(self, name, value)
obj = C14()
for proto in protocols:
if proto >= 2:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=(None, state))
else:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
obj.__reduce__()
class C15(dict):
pass
obj = C15({"quebec": -601})
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, dictitems=dict(obj))
class C16(list):
pass
obj = C16(["yukon"])
for proto in protocols:
self._check_reduce(proto, obj, listitems=list(obj))
def test_special_method_lookup(self):
protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
class Picky:
def __getstate__(self):
return {}
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr in ("__getnewargs__", "__getnewargs_ex__"):
raise AssertionError(attr)
return None
for protocol in protocols:
state = {} if protocol >= 2 else None
self._check_reduce(protocol, Picky(), state=state)
def _assert_is_copy(self, obj, objcopy, msg=None):
"""Utility method to verify if two objects are copies of each others.
"""
if msg is None:
msg = "{!r} is not a copy of {!r}".format(obj, objcopy)
if type(obj).__repr__ is object.__repr__:
# We have this limitation for now because we use the object's repr
# to help us verify that the two objects are copies. This allows
# us to delegate the non-generic verification logic to the objects
# themselves.
raise ValueError("object passed to _assert_is_copy must " +
"override the __repr__ method.")
self.assertIsNot(obj, objcopy, msg=msg)
self.assertIs(type(obj), type(objcopy), msg=msg)
if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
self.assertDictEqual(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
self.assertIsNot(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
self.assertListEqual(obj.__slots__, objcopy.__slots__, msg=msg)
for slot in obj.__slots__:
self.assertEqual(
hasattr(obj, slot), hasattr(objcopy, slot), msg=msg)
self.assertEqual(getattr(obj, slot, None),
getattr(objcopy, slot, None), msg=msg)
self.assertEqual(repr(obj), repr(objcopy), msg=msg)
@staticmethod
def _generate_pickle_copiers():
"""Utility method to generate the many possible pickle configurations.
"""
class PickleCopier:
"This class copies object using pickle."
def __init__(self, proto, dumps, loads):
self.proto = proto
self.dumps = dumps
self.loads = loads
def copy(self, obj):
return self.loads(self.dumps(obj, self.proto))
def __repr__(self):
# We try to be as descriptive as possible here since this is
# the string which we will allow us to tell the pickle
# configuration we are using during debugging.
return ("PickleCopier(proto={}, dumps={}.{}, loads={}.{})"
.format(self.proto,
self.dumps.__module__, self.dumps.__qualname__,
self.loads.__module__, self.loads.__qualname__))
return (PickleCopier(*args) for args in
itertools.product(range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1),
{pickle.dumps, pickle._dumps},
{pickle.loads, pickle._loads}))
def test_pickle_slots(self):
# Tests pickling of classes with __slots__.
# Pickling of classes with __slots__ but without __getstate__ should
# fail (if using protocol 0 or 1)
global C
class C:
__slots__ = ['a']
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pickle.dumps(C(), 0)
global D
class D(C):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pickle.dumps(D(), 0)
class C:
"A class with __getstate__ and __setstate__ implemented."
__slots__ = ['a']
def __getstate__(self):
state = getattr(self, '__dict__', {}).copy()
for cls in type(self).__mro__:
for slot in cls.__dict__.get('__slots__', ()):
try:
state[slot] = getattr(self, slot)
except AttributeError:
pass
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
for k, v in state.items():
setattr(self, k, v)
def __repr__(self):
return "%s()<%r>" % (type(self).__name__, self.__getstate__())
class D(C):
"A subclass of a class with slots."
pass
global E
class E(C):
"A subclass with an extra slot."
__slots__ = ['b']
# Now it should work
for pickle_copier in self._generate_pickle_copiers():
with self.subTest(pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
x = C()
y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
x.a = 42
y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
x = D()
x.a = 42
x.b = 100
y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
x = E()
x.a = 42
x.b = "foo"
y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
def test_reduce_copying(self):
# Tests pickling and copying new-style classes and objects.
global C1
class C1:
"The state of this class is copyable via its instance dict."
ARGS = (1, 2)
NEED_DICT_COPYING = True
def __init__(self, a, b):
super().__init__()
self.a = a
self.b = b
def __repr__(self):
return "C1(%r, %r)" % (self.a, self.b)
global C2
class C2(list):
"A list subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
ARGS = (1, 2)
NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
def __new__(cls, a, b):
self = super().__new__(cls)
self.a = a
self.b = b
return self
def __init__(self, *args):
super().__init__()
# This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
# unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
self.append("cheese")
@classmethod
def __getnewargs__(cls):
return cls.ARGS
def __repr__(self):
return "C2(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
global C3
class C3(list):
"A list subclass copyable via __getstate__."
ARGS = (1, 2)
NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
def __init__(self, a, b):
self.a = a
self.b = b
# This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
# unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
self.append("cheese")
@classmethod
def __getstate__(cls):
return cls.ARGS
def __setstate__(self, state):
a, b = state
self.a = a
self.b = b
def __repr__(self):
return "C3(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
global C4
class C4(int):
"An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
ARGS = ("hello", "world", 1)
NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
def __new__(cls, a, b, value):
self = super().__new__(cls, value)
self.a = a
self.b = b
return self
@classmethod
def __getnewargs__(cls):
return cls.ARGS
def __repr__(self):
return "C4(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
global C5
class C5(int):
"An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs_ex__."
ARGS = (1, 2)
KWARGS = {'value': 3}
NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
def __new__(cls, a, b, *, value=0):
self = super().__new__(cls, value)
self.a = a
self.b = b
return self
@classmethod
def __getnewargs_ex__(cls):
return (cls.ARGS, cls.KWARGS)
def __repr__(self):
return "C5(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
test_classes = (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5)
# Testing copying through pickle
pickle_copiers = self._generate_pickle_copiers()
for cls, pickle_copier in itertools.product(test_classes, pickle_copiers):
with self.subTest(cls=cls, pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
proto = pickle_copier.proto
objcopy = pickle_copier.copy(obj)
self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
# For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
# around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
# dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
# not mutate the original argument.
if proto >= 2 and not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
objcopy.__dict__.clear()
objcopy2 = pickle_copier.copy(objcopy)
self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
# Testing copying through copy.deepcopy()
for cls in test_classes:
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
objcopy = deepcopy(obj)
self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
# For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
# around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
# dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
# not mutate the original argument.
if not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
objcopy.__dict__.clear()
objcopy2 = deepcopy(objcopy)
self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
def test_issue24097(self):
# Slot name is freed inside __getattr__ and is later used.
class S(str): # Not interned
pass
class A:
__slotnames__ = [S('spam')]
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == 'spam':
A.__slotnames__[:] = [S('spam')]
return 42
else:
raise AttributeError
import copyreg
expected = (copyreg.__newobj__, (A,), (None, {'spam': 42}), None, None)
self.assertEqual(A().__reduce_ex__(2), expected) # Shouldn't crash
def test_object_reduce(self):
# Issue #29914
# __reduce__() takes no arguments
object().__reduce__()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
object().__reduce__(0)
# __reduce_ex__() takes one integer argument
object().__reduce_ex__(0)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
object().__reduce_ex__()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
object().__reduce_ex__(None)
class SharedKeyTests(unittest.TestCase):
@support.cpython_only
def test_subclasses(self):
# Verify that subclasses can share keys (per PEP 412)
class A:
pass
class B(A):
pass
#Shrink keys by repeatedly creating instances
[(A(), B()) for _ in range(30)]
a, b = A(), B()
self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof({"a":1}))
# Initial hash table can contain only one or two elements.
# Set 6 attributes to cause internal resizing.
a.x, a.y, a.z, a.w, a.v, a.u = range(6)
self.assertNotEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
a2 = A()
self.assertGreater(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(a2)))
self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a2)), sys.getsizeof({"a":1}))
self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(b)), sys.getsizeof({"a":1}))
class DebugHelperMeta(type):
"""
Sets default __doc__ and simplifies repr() output.
"""
def __new__(mcls, name, bases, attrs):
if attrs.get('__doc__') is None:
attrs['__doc__'] = name # helps when debugging with gdb
return type.__new__(mcls, name, bases, attrs)
def __repr__(cls):
return repr(cls.__name__)
class MroTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Regressions for some bugs revealed through
mcsl.mro() customization (typeobject.c: mro_internal()) and
cls.__bases__ assignment (typeobject.c: type_set_bases()).
"""
def setUp(self):
self.step = 0
self.ready = False
def step_until(self, limit):
ret = (self.step < limit)
if ret:
self.step += 1
return ret
def test_incomplete_set_bases_on_self(self):
"""
type_set_bases must be aware that type->tp_mro can be NULL.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if self.step_until(1):
assert cls.__mro__ is None
cls.__bases__ += ()
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
def test_reent_set_bases_on_base(self):
"""
Deep reentrancy must not over-decref old_mro.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if cls.__mro__ is not None and cls.__name__ == 'B':
# 4-5 steps are usually enough to make it crash somewhere
if self.step_until(10):
A.__bases__ += ()
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
class B(A):
pass
B.__bases__ += ()
def test_reent_set_bases_on_direct_base(self):
"""
Similar to test_reent_set_bases_on_base, but may crash differently.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
base = cls.__bases__[0]
if base is not object:
if self.step_until(5):
base.__bases__ += ()
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
class B(A):
pass
class C(B):
pass
def test_reent_set_bases_tp_base_cycle(self):
"""
type_set_bases must check for an inheritance cycle not only through
MRO of the type, which may be not yet updated in case of reentrance,
but also through tp_base chain, which is assigned before diving into
inner calls to mro().
Otherwise, the following snippet can loop forever:
do {
// ...
type = type->tp_base;
} while (type != NULL);
Functions that rely on tp_base (like solid_base and PyType_IsSubtype)
would not be happy in that case, causing a stack overflow.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if self.ready:
if cls.__name__ == 'B1':
B2.__bases__ = (B1,)
if cls.__name__ == 'B2':
B1.__bases__ = (B2,)
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
class B1(A):
pass
class B2(A):
pass
self.ready = True
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B1.__bases__ += ()
def test_tp_subclasses_cycle_in_update_slots(self):
"""
type_set_bases must check for reentrancy upon finishing its job
by updating tp_subclasses of old/new bases of the type.
Otherwise, an implicit inheritance cycle through tp_subclasses
can break functions that recurse on elements of that field
(like recurse_down_subclasses and mro_hierarchy) eventually
leading to a stack overflow.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if self.ready and cls.__name__ == 'C':
self.ready = False
C.__bases__ = (B2,)
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
class B1(A):
pass
class B2(A):
pass
class C(A):
pass
self.ready = True
C.__bases__ = (B1,)
B1.__bases__ = (C,)
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (B2,))
self.assertEqual(B2.__subclasses__(), [C])
self.assertEqual(B1.__subclasses__(), [])
self.assertEqual(B1.__bases__, (C,))
self.assertEqual(C.__subclasses__(), [B1])
def test_tp_subclasses_cycle_error_return_path(self):
"""
The same as test_tp_subclasses_cycle_in_update_slots, but tests
a code path executed on error (goto bail).
"""
class E(Exception):
pass
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if self.ready and cls.__name__ == 'C':
if C.__bases__ == (B2,):
self.ready = False
else:
C.__bases__ = (B2,)
raise E
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
class B1(A):
pass
class B2(A):
pass
class C(A):
pass
self.ready = True
with self.assertRaises(E):
C.__bases__ = (B1,)
B1.__bases__ = (C,)
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (B2,))
self.assertEqual(C.__mro__, tuple(type.mro(C)))
def test_incomplete_extend(self):
"""
Extending an uninitialized type with type->tp_mro == NULL must
throw a reasonable TypeError exception, instead of failing
with PyErr_BadInternalCall.
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if cls.__mro__ is None and cls.__name__ != 'X':
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(cls):
pass
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
def test_incomplete_super(self):
"""
Attribute lookup on a super object must be aware that
its target type can be uninitialized (type->tp_mro == NULL).
"""
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
if cls.__mro__ is None:
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
super(cls, cls).xxx
return type.mro(cls)
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
def test_disappearing_custom_mro(self):
"""
gh-92112: A custom mro() returning a result conflicting with
__bases__ and deleting itself caused a double free.
"""
class B:
pass
class M(DebugHelperMeta):
def mro(cls):
del M.mro
return (B,)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class A(metaclass=M):
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
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