import collections
import collections.abc
import gc
import pickle
import random
import string
import sys
import unittest
import weakref
from test import support
from test.support import import_helper, get_c_recursion_limit
class DictTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_invalid_keyword_arguments(self):
class Custom(dict):
pass
for invalid in {1 : 2}, Custom({1 : 2}):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
dict(**invalid)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
{}.update(**invalid)
def test_constructor(self):
# calling built-in types without argument must return empty
self.assertEqual(dict(), {})
self.assertIsNot(dict(), {})
def test_literal_constructor(self):
# check literal constructor for different sized dicts
# (to exercise the BUILD_MAP oparg).
for n in (0, 1, 6, 256, 400):
items = [(''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 8)), i)
for i in range(n)]
random.shuffle(items)
formatted_items = ('{!r}: {:d}'.format(k, v) for k, v in items)
dictliteral = '{' + ', '.join(formatted_items) + '}'
self.assertEqual(eval(dictliteral), dict(items))
def test_merge_operator(self):
a = {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 1}
b = {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}
c = a.copy()
c |= b
self.assertEqual(a | b, {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
self.assertEqual(c, {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
c = b.copy()
c |= a
self.assertEqual(b | a, {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 3, 0: 0})
self.assertEqual(c, {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 3, 0: 0})
c = a.copy()
c |= [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]
self.assertEqual(c, {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
self.assertIs(a.__or__(None), NotImplemented)
self.assertIs(a.__or__(()), NotImplemented)
self.assertIs(a.__or__("BAD"), NotImplemented)
self.assertIs(a.__or__(""), NotImplemented)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, a.__ior__, None)
self.assertEqual(a.__ior__(()), {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 1})
self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.__ior__, "BAD")
self.assertEqual(a.__ior__(""), {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 1})
def test_bool(self):
self.assertIs(not {}, True)
self.assertTrue({1: 2})
self.assertIs(bool({}), False)
self.assertIs(bool({1: 2}), True)
def test_keys(self):
d = {}
self.assertEqual(set(d.keys()), set())
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
k = d.keys()
self.assertEqual(set(k), {'a', 'b'})
self.assertIn('a', k)
self.assertIn('b', k)
self.assertIn('a', d)
self.assertIn('b', d)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.keys, None)
self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).keys()), "dict_keys(['a'])")
def test_values(self):
d = {}
self.assertEqual(set(d.values()), set())
d = {1:2}
self.assertEqual(set(d.values()), {2})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.values, None)
self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).values()), "dict_values([1])")
def test_items(self):
d = {}
self.assertEqual(set(d.items()), set())
d = {1:2}
self.assertEqual(set(d.items()), {(1, 2)})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.items, None)
self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).items()), "dict_items([('a', 1)])")
def test_views_mapping(self):
mappingproxy = type(type.__dict__)
class Dict(dict):
pass
for cls in [dict, Dict]:
d = cls()
m1 = d.keys().mapping
m2 = d.values().mapping
m3 = d.items().mapping
for m in [m1, m2, m3]:
self.assertIsInstance(m, mappingproxy)
self.assertEqual(m, d)
d["foo"] = "bar"
for m in [m1, m2, m3]:
self.assertIsInstance(m, mappingproxy)
self.assertEqual(m, d)
def test_contains(self):
d = {}
self.assertNotIn('a', d)
self.assertFalse('a' in d)
self.assertTrue('a' not in d)
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
self.assertIn('a', d)
self.assertIn('b', d)
self.assertNotIn('c', d)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__contains__)
def test_len(self):
d = {}
self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
def test_getitem(self):
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1)
self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2)
d['c'] = 3
d['a'] = 4
self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3)
self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4)
del d['b']
self.assertEqual(d, {'a': 4, 'c': 3})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__)
class BadEq(object):
def __eq__(self, other):
raise Exc()
def __hash__(self):
return 24
d = {}
d[BadEq()] = 42
self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, 23)
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadHash(object):
fail = False
def __hash__(self):
if self.fail:
raise Exc()
else:
return 42
x = BadHash()
d[x] = 42
x.fail = True
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.__getitem__, x)
def test_clear(self):
d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
d.clear()
self.assertEqual(d, {})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.clear, None)
def test_update(self):
d = {}
d.update({1:100})
d.update({2:20})
d.update({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
d.update()
self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, None)
class SimpleUserDict:
def __init__(self):
self.d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
def keys(self):
return self.d.keys()
def __getitem__(self, i):
return self.d[i]
d.clear()
d.update(SimpleUserDict())
self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
class Exc(Exception): pass
d.clear()
class FailingUserDict:
def keys(self):
raise Exc
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
class FailingUserDict:
def keys(self):
class BogonIter:
def __init__(self):
self.i = 1
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.i:
self.i = 0
return 'a'
raise Exc
return BogonIter()
def __getitem__(self, key):
return key
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
class FailingUserDict:
def keys(self):
class BogonIter:
def __init__(self):
self.i = ord('a')
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.i <= ord('z'):
rtn = chr(self.i)
self.i += 1
return rtn
raise StopIteration
return BogonIter()
def __getitem__(self, key):
raise Exc
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
class badseq(object):
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
raise Exc()
self.assertRaises(Exc, {}.update, badseq())
self.assertRaises(ValueError, {}.update, [(1, 2, 3)])
def test_fromkeys(self):
self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
d = {}
self.assertIsNot(d.fromkeys('abc'), d)
self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys((4,5),0), {4:0, 5:0})
self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys([]), {})
def g():
yield 1
self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys(g()), {1:None})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, {}.fromkeys, 3)
class dictlike(dict): pass
self.assertEqual(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
self.assertEqual(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
self.assertIsInstance(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
self.assertIsInstance(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
class mydict(dict):
def __new__(cls):
return collections.UserDict()
ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab')
self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None})
self.assertIsInstance(ud, collections.UserDict)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict.fromkeys)
class Exc(Exception): pass
class baddict1(dict):
def __init__(self):
raise Exc()
self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict1.fromkeys, [1])
class BadSeq(object):
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
raise Exc()
self.assertRaises(Exc, dict.fromkeys, BadSeq())
class baddict2(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
raise Exc()
self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict2.fromkeys, [1])
# test fast path for dictionary inputs
d = dict(zip(range(6), range(6)))
self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(d, 0), dict(zip(range(6), [0]*6)))
class baddict3(dict):
def __new__(cls):
return d
d = {i : i for i in range(10)}
res = d.copy()
res.update(a=None, b=None, c=None)
self.assertEqual(baddict3.fromkeys({"a", "b", "c"}), res)
def test_copy(self):
d = {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}
self.assertIsNot(d.copy(), d)
self.assertEqual(d.copy(), d)
self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
copy = d.copy()
d[4] = 4
self.assertNotEqual(copy, d)
self.assertEqual({}.copy(), {})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None)
def test_copy_fuzz(self):
for dict_size in [10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000]:
dict_size = random.randrange(
dict_size // 2, dict_size + dict_size // 2)
with self.subTest(dict_size=dict_size):
d = {}
for i in range(dict_size):
d[i] = i
d2 = d.copy()
self.assertIsNot(d2, d)
self.assertEqual(d, d2)
d2['key'] = 'value'
self.assertNotEqual(d, d2)
self.assertEqual(len(d2), len(d) + 1)
def test_copy_maintains_tracking(self):
class A:
pass
key = A()
for d in ({}, {'a': 1}, {key: 'val'}):
d2 = d.copy()
self.assertEqual(gc.is_tracked(d), gc.is_tracked(d2))
def test_copy_noncompact(self):
# Dicts don't compact themselves on del/pop operations.
# Copy will use a slow merging strategy that produces
# a compacted copy when roughly 33% of dict is a non-used
# keys-space (to optimize memory footprint).
# In this test we want to hit the slow/compacting
# branch of dict.copy() and make sure it works OK.
d = {k: k for k in range(1000)}
for k in range(950):
del d[k]
d2 = d.copy()
self.assertEqual(d2, d)
def test_get(self):
d = {}
self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
self.assertEqual(d.get('a'), 1)
self.assertEqual(d.get('a', 3), 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get, None, None, None)
def test_setdefault(self):
# dict.setdefault()
d = {}
self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
d.setdefault('key0', [])
self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
d.setdefault('key', []).append(3)
self.assertEqual(d['key'][0], 3)
d.setdefault('key', []).append(4)
self.assertEqual(len(d['key']), 2)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.setdefault)
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadHash(object):
fail = False
def __hash__(self):
if self.fail:
raise Exc()
else:
return 42
x = BadHash()
d[x] = 42
x.fail = True
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.setdefault, x, [])
def test_setdefault_atomic(self):
# Issue #13521: setdefault() calls __hash__ and __eq__ only once.
class Hashed(object):
def __init__(self):
self.hash_count = 0
self.eq_count = 0
def __hash__(self):
self.hash_count += 1
return 42
def __eq__(self, other):
self.eq_count += 1
return id(self) == id(other)
hashed1 = Hashed()
y = {hashed1: 5}
hashed2 = Hashed()
y.setdefault(hashed2, [])
self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1)
self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1)
self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1)
def test_setitem_atomic_at_resize(self):
class Hashed(object):
def __init__(self):
self.hash_count = 0
self.eq_count = 0
def __hash__(self):
self.hash_count += 1
return 42
def __eq__(self, other):
self.eq_count += 1
return id(self) == id(other)
hashed1 = Hashed()
# 5 items
y = {hashed1: 5, 0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}
hashed2 = Hashed()
# 6th item forces a resize
y[hashed2] = []
self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1)
self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1)
self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1)
def test_popitem(self):
# dict.popitem()
for copymode in -1, +1:
# -1: b has same structure as a
# +1: b is a.copy()
for log2size in range(12):
size = 2**log2size
a = {}
b = {}
for i in range(size):
a[repr(i)] = i
if copymode < 0:
b[repr(i)] = i
if copymode > 0:
b = a.copy()
for i in range(size):
ka, va = ta = a.popitem()
self.assertEqual(va, int(ka))
kb, vb = tb = b.popitem()
self.assertEqual(vb, int(kb))
self.assertFalse(copymode < 0 and ta != tb)
self.assertFalse(a)
self.assertFalse(b)
d = {}
self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.popitem)
def test_pop(self):
# Tests for pop with specified key
d = {}
k, v = 'abc', 'def'
d[k] = v
self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, 'ghi')
self.assertEqual(d.pop(k), v)
self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, k)
self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, v), v)
d[k] = v
self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, 1), v)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.pop)
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadHash(object):
fail = False
def __hash__(self):
if self.fail:
raise Exc()
else:
return 42
x = BadHash()
d[x] = 42
x.fail = True
self.assertRaises(Exc, d.pop, x)
def test_mutating_iteration(self):
# changing dict size during iteration
d = {}
d[1] = 1
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
for i in d:
d[i+1] = 1
def test_mutating_iteration_delete(self):
# change dict content during iteration
d = {}
d[0] = 0
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
for i in d:
del d[0]
d[0] = 0
def test_mutating_iteration_delete_over_values(self):
# change dict content during iteration
d = {}
d[0] = 0
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
for i in d.values():
del d[0]
d[0] = 0
def test_mutating_iteration_delete_over_items(self):
# change dict content during iteration
d = {}
d[0] = 0
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
for i in d.items():
del d[0]
d[0] = 0
def test_mutating_lookup(self):
# changing dict during a lookup (issue #14417)
class NastyKey:
mutate_dict = None
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __hash__(self):
# hash collision!
return 1
def __eq__(self, other):
if NastyKey.mutate_dict:
mydict, key = NastyKey.mutate_dict
NastyKey.mutate_dict = None
del mydict[key]
return self.value == other.value
key1 = NastyKey(1)
key2 = NastyKey(2)
d = {key1: 1}
NastyKey.mutate_dict = (d, key1)
d[key2] = 2
self.assertEqual(d, {key2: 2})
def test_repr(self):
d = {}
self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{}')
d[1] = 2
self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: 2}')
d = {}
d[1] = d
self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: {...}}')
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadRepr(object):
def __repr__(self):
raise Exc()
d = {1: BadRepr()}
self.assertRaises(Exc, repr, d)
def test_repr_deep(self):
d = {}
for i in range(get_c_recursion_limit() + 1):
d = {1: d}
self.assertRaises(RecursionError, repr, d)
def test_eq(self):
self.assertEqual({}, {})
self.assertEqual({1: 2}, {1: 2})
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadCmp(object):
def __eq__(self, other):
raise Exc()
def __hash__(self):
return 1
d1 = {BadCmp(): 1}
d2 = {1: 1}
with self.assertRaises(Exc):
d1 == d2
def test_keys_contained(self):
self.helper_keys_contained(lambda x: x.keys())
self.helper_keys_contained(lambda x: x.items())
def helper_keys_contained(self, fn):
# Test rich comparisons against dict key views, which should behave the
# same as sets.
empty = fn(dict())
empty2 = fn(dict())
smaller = fn({1:1, 2:2})
larger = fn({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
larger2 = fn({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
larger3 = fn({4:1, 2:2, 3:3})
self.assertTrue(smaller < larger)
self.assertTrue(smaller <= larger)
self.assertTrue(larger > smaller)
self.assertTrue(larger >= smaller)
self.assertFalse(smaller >= larger)
self.assertFalse(smaller > larger)
self.assertFalse(larger <= smaller)
self.assertFalse(larger < smaller)
self.assertFalse(smaller < larger3)
self.assertFalse(smaller <= larger3)
self.assertFalse(larger3 > smaller)
self.assertFalse(larger3 >= smaller)
# Inequality strictness
self.assertTrue(larger2 >= larger)
self.assertTrue(larger2 <= larger)
self.assertFalse(larger2 > larger)
self.assertFalse(larger2 < larger)
self.assertTrue(larger == larger2)
self.assertTrue(smaller != larger)
# There is an optimization on the zero-element case.
self.assertTrue(empty == empty2)
self.assertFalse(empty != empty2)
self.assertFalse(empty == smaller)
self.assertTrue(empty != smaller)
# With the same size, an elementwise compare happens
self.assertTrue(larger != larger3)
self.assertFalse(larger == larger3)
def test_errors_in_view_containment_check(self):
class C:
def __eq__(self, other):
raise RuntimeError
d1 = {1: C()}
d2 = {1: C()}
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d1.items() == d2.items()
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d1.items() != d2.items()
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d1.items() <= d2.items()
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d1.items() >= d2.items()
d3 = {1: C(), 2: C()}
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d2.items() < d3.items()
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
d3.items() > d2.items()
def test_dictview_set_operations_on_keys(self):
k1 = {1:1, 2:2}.keys()
k2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}.keys()
k3 = {4:4}.keys()
self.assertEqual(k1 - k2, set())
self.assertEqual(k1 - k3, {1,2})
self.assertEqual(k2 - k1, {3})
self.assertEqual(k3 - k1, {4})
self.assertEqual(k1 & k2, {1,2})
self.assertEqual(k1 & k3, set())
self.assertEqual(k1 | k2, {1,2,3})
self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k2, {3})
self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k3, {1,2,4})
def test_dictview_set_operations_on_items(self):
k1 = {1:1, 2:2}.items()
k2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}.items()
k3 = {4:4}.items()
self.assertEqual(k1 - k2, set())
self.assertEqual(k1 - k3, {(1,1), (2,2)})
self.assertEqual(k2 - k1, {(3,3)})
self.assertEqual(k3 - k1, {(4,4)})
self.assertEqual(k1 & k2, {(1,1), (2,2)})
self.assertEqual(k1 & k3, set())
self.assertEqual(k1 | k2, {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)})
self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k2, {(3,3)})
self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k3, {(1,1), (2,2), (4,4)})
def test_items_symmetric_difference(self):
rr = random.randrange
for _ in range(100):
left = {x:rr(3) for x in range(20) if rr(2)}
right = {x:rr(3) for x in range(20) if rr(2)}
with self.subTest(left=left, right=right):
expected = set(left.items()) ^ set(right.items())
actual = left.items() ^ right.items()
self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
def test_dictview_mixed_set_operations(self):
# Just a few for .keys()
self.assertTrue({1:1}.keys() == {1})
self.assertTrue({1} == {1:1}.keys())
self.assertEqual({1:1}.keys() | {2}, {1, 2})
self.assertEqual({2} | {1:1}.keys(), {1, 2})
# And a few for .items()
self.assertTrue({1:1}.items() == {(1,1)})
self.assertTrue({(1,1)} == {1:1}.items())
self.assertEqual({1:1}.items() | {2}, {(1,1), 2})
self.assertEqual({2} | {1:1}.items(), {(1,1), 2})
def test_missing(self):
# Make sure dict doesn't have a __missing__ method
self.assertFalse(hasattr(dict, "__missing__"))
self.assertFalse(hasattr({}, "__missing__"))
# Test several cases:
# (D) subclass defines __missing__ method returning a value
# (E) subclass defines __missing__ method raising RuntimeError
# (F) subclass sets __missing__ instance variable (no effect)
# (G) subclass doesn't define __missing__ at all
class D(dict):
def __missing__(self, key):
return 42
d = D({1: 2, 3: 4})
self.assertEqual(d[1], 2)
self.assertEqual(d[3], 4)
self.assertNotIn(2, d)
self.assertNotIn(2, d.keys())
self.assertEqual(d[2], 42)
class E(dict):
def __missing__(self, key):
raise RuntimeError(key)
e = E()
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as c:
e[42]
self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
class F(dict):
def __init__(self):
# An instance variable __missing__ should have no effect
self.__missing__ = lambda key: None
f = F()
with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
f[42]
self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
class G(dict):
pass
g = G()
with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
g[42]
self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
def test_tuple_keyerror(self):
# SF #1576657
d = {}
with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
d[(1,)]
self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, ((1,),))
def test_bad_key(self):
# Dictionary lookups should fail if __eq__() raises an exception.
class CustomException(Exception):
pass
class BadDictKey:
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.__class__)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
raise CustomException
return other
d = {}
x1 = BadDictKey()
x2 = BadDictKey()
d[x1] = 1
for stmt in ['d[x2] = 2',
'z = d[x2]',
'x2 in d',
'd.get(x2)',
'd.setdefault(x2, 42)',
'd.pop(x2)',
'd.update({x2: 2})']:
with self.assertRaises(CustomException):
exec(stmt, locals())
def test_resize1(self):
# Dict resizing bug, found by Jack Jansen in 2.2 CVS development.
# This version got an assert failure in debug build, infinite loop in
# release build. Unfortunately, provoking this kind of stuff requires
# a mix of inserts and deletes hitting exactly the right hash codes in
# exactly the right order, and I can't think of a randomized approach
# that would be *likely* to hit a failing case in reasonable time.
d = {}
for i in range(5):
d[i] = i
for i in range(5):
del d[i]
for i in range(5, 9): # i==8 was the problem
d[i] = i
def test_resize2(self):
# Another dict resizing bug (SF bug #1456209).
# This caused Segmentation faults or Illegal instructions.
class X(object):
def __hash__(self):
return 5
def __eq__(self, other):
if resizing:
d.clear()
return False
d = {}
resizing = False
d[X()] = 1
d[X()] = 2
d[X()] = 3
d[X()] = 4
d[X()] = 5
# now trigger a resize
resizing = True
d[9] = 6
def test_empty_presized_dict_in_freelist(self):
# Bug #3537: if an empty but presized dict with a size larger
# than 7 was in the freelist, it triggered an assertion failure
with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
d = {'a': 1 // 0, 'b': None, 'c': None, 'd': None, 'e': None,
'f': None, 'g': None, 'h': None}
d = {}
def test_container_iterator(self):
# Bug #3680: tp_traverse was not implemented for dictiter and
# dictview objects.
class C(object):
pass
views = (dict.items, dict.values, dict.keys)
for v in views:
obj = C()
ref = weakref.ref(obj)
container = {obj: 1}
obj.v = v(container)
obj.x = iter(obj.v)
del obj, container
gc.collect()
self.assertIs(ref(), None, "Cycle was not collected")
def make_shared_key_dict(self, n):
class C:
pass
dicts = []
for i in range(n):
a = C()
a.x, a.y, a.z = 1, 2, 3
dicts.append(a.__dict__)
return dicts
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_setdefault(self):
"""split table must keep correct insertion
order when attributes are adding using setdefault()"""
a, b = self.make_shared_key_dict(2)
a['a'] = 1
size_a = sys.getsizeof(a)
a['b'] = 2
b.setdefault('b', 2)
size_b = sys.getsizeof(b)
b['a'] = 1
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'y', 'z', 'a', 'b'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z', 'b', 'a'])
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_del(self):
"""split table must be combined when del d[k]"""
a, b = self.make_shared_key_dict(2)
orig_size = sys.getsizeof(a)
del a['y'] # split table is combined
with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
del a['y']
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'z'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z'])
# Two dicts have different insertion order.
a['y'] = 42
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'z', 'y'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z'])
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_pop(self):
a, b = self.make_shared_key_dict(2)
a.pop('y')
with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
a.pop('y')
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'z'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z'])
# Two dicts have different insertion order.
a['y'] = 42
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'z', 'y'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z'])
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_pop_pending(self):
"""pop a pending key in a split table should not crash"""
a, b = self.make_shared_key_dict(2)
a['a'] = 4
with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
b.pop('a')
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_popitem(self):
"""split table must be combined when d.popitem()"""
a, b = self.make_shared_key_dict(2)
orig_size = sys.getsizeof(a)
item = a.popitem() # split table is combined
self.assertEqual(item, ('z', 3))
with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
del a['z']
self.assertGreater(sys.getsizeof(a), orig_size)
self.assertEqual(list(a), ['x', 'y'])
self.assertEqual(list(b), ['x', 'y', 'z'])
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_update(self):
"""dict.update(other) must preserve order in other."""
class C:
def __init__(self, order):
if order:
self.a, self.b, self.c = 1, 2, 3
else:
self.c, self.b, self.a = 1, 2, 3
o = C(True)
o = C(False) # o.__dict__ has reversed order.
self.assertEqual(list(o.__dict__), ["c", "b", "a"])
d = {}
d.update(o.__dict__)
self.assertEqual(list(d), ["c", "b", "a"])
@support.cpython_only
def test_splittable_to_generic_combinedtable(self):
"""split table must be correctly resized and converted to generic combined table"""
class C:
pass
a = C()
a.x = 1
d = a.__dict__
before_resize = sys.getsizeof(d)
d[2] = 2 # split table is resized to a generic combined table
self.assertGreater(sys.getsizeof(d), before_resize)
self.assertEqual(list(d), ['x', 2])
def test_iterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
it = iter(data)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(data))
it = pickle.loads(d)
try:
drop = next(it)
except StopIteration:
continue
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
del data[drop]
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(data))
def test_itemiterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
# dictviews aren't picklable, only their iterators
itorg = iter(data.items())
d = pickle.dumps(itorg, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
# note that the type of the unpickled iterator
# is not necessarily the same as the original. It is
# merely an object supporting the iterator protocol, yielding
# the same objects as the original one.
# self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it))
self.assertIsInstance(it, collections.abc.Iterator)
self.assertEqual(dict(it), data)
it = pickle.loads(d)
drop = next(it)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
del data[drop[0]]
self.assertEqual(dict(it), data)
def test_valuesiterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
# data.values() isn't picklable, only its iterator
it = iter(data.values())
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(data.values()))
it = pickle.loads(d)
drop = next(it)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
values = list(it) + [drop]
self.assertEqual(sorted(values), sorted(list(data.values())))
def test_reverseiterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
it = reversed(data)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(reversed(data)))
it = pickle.loads(d)
try:
drop = next(it)
except StopIteration:
continue
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
del data[drop]
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(reversed(data)))
def test_reverseitemiterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
# dictviews aren't picklable, only their iterators
itorg = reversed(data.items())
d = pickle.dumps(itorg, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
# note that the type of the unpickled iterator
# is not necessarily the same as the original. It is
# merely an object supporting the iterator protocol, yielding
# the same objects as the original one.
# self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it))
self.assertIsInstance(it, collections.abc.Iterator)
self.assertEqual(dict(it), data)
it = pickle.loads(d)
drop = next(it)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
del data[drop[0]]
self.assertEqual(dict(it), data)
def test_reversevaluesiterator_pickling(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"}
# data.values() isn't picklable, only its iterator
it = reversed(data.values())
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(list(it), list(reversed(data.values())))
it = pickle.loads(d)
drop = next(it)
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
values = list(it) + [drop]
self.assertEqual(sorted(values), sorted(data.values()))
def test_instance_dict_getattr_str_subclass(self):
class Foo:
def __init__(self, msg):
self.msg = msg
f = Foo('123')
class _str(str):
pass
self.assertEqual(f.msg, getattr(f, _str('msg')))
self.assertEqual(f.msg, f.__dict__[_str('msg')])
def test_object_set_item_single_instance_non_str_key(self):
class Foo: pass
f = Foo()
f.__dict__[1] = 1
f.a = 'a'
self.assertEqual(f.__dict__, {1:1, 'a':'a'})
def check_reentrant_insertion(self, mutate):
# This object will trigger mutation of the dict when replaced
# by another value. Note this relies on refcounting: the test
# won't achieve its purpose on fully-GCed Python implementations.
class Mutating:
def __del__(self):
mutate(d)
d = {k: Mutating() for k in 'abcdefghijklmnopqr'}
for k in list(d):
d[k] = k
def test_reentrant_insertion(self):
# Reentrant insertion shouldn't crash (see issue #22653)
def mutate(d):
d['b'] = 5
self.check_reentrant_insertion(mutate)
def mutate(d):
d.update(self.__dict__)
d.clear()
self.check_reentrant_insertion(mutate)
def mutate(d):
while d:
d.popitem()
self.check_reentrant_insertion(mutate)
def test_merge_and_mutate(self):
class X:
def __hash__(self):
return 0
def __eq__(self, o):
other.clear()
return False
l = [(i,0) for i in range(1, 1337)]
other = dict(l)
other[X()] = 0
d = {X(): 0, 1: 1}
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, d.update, other)
def test_free_after_iterating(self):
support.check_free_after_iterating(self, iter, dict)
support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.keys()), dict)
support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.values()), dict)
support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.items()), dict)
def test_equal_operator_modifying_operand(self):
# test fix for seg fault reported in bpo-27945 part 3.
class X():
def __del__(self):
dict_b.clear()
def __eq__(self, other):
dict_a.clear()
return True
def __hash__(self):
return 13
dict_a = {X(): 0}
dict_b = {X(): X()}
self.assertTrue(dict_a == dict_b)
# test fix for seg fault reported in bpo-38588 part 1.
class Y:
def __eq__(self, other):
dict_d.clear()
return True
dict_c = {0: Y()}
dict_d = {0: set()}
self.assertTrue(dict_c == dict_d)
def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_dict_operand(self):
# test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4a.
class X(int):
def __hash__(self):
return 13
def __eq__(self, other):
if len(d) > 1:
d.clear()
return False
d = {} # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed!
d = {X(1): 1, X(2): 2}
try:
dict.fromkeys(d) # shouldn't crash
except RuntimeError: # implementation defined
pass
def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_set_operand(self):
# test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4b.
class X(int):
def __hash__(self):
return 13
def __eq__(self, other):
if len(d) > 1:
d.clear()
return False
d = {} # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed!
d = {X(1), X(2)}
try:
dict.fromkeys(d) # shouldn't crash
except RuntimeError: # implementation defined
pass
def test_dictitems_contains_use_after_free(self):
class X:
def __eq__(self, other):
d.clear()
return NotImplemented
d = {0: set()}
(0, X()) in d.items()
def test_dict_contain_use_after_free(self):
# bpo-40489
class S(str):
def __eq__(self, other):
d.clear()
return NotImplemented
def __hash__(self):
return hash('test')
d = {S(): 'value'}
self.assertFalse('test' in d)
def test_init_use_after_free(self):
class X:
def __hash__(self):
pair[:] = []
return 13
pair = [X(), 123]
dict([pair])
def test_oob_indexing_dictiter_iternextitem(self):
class X(int):
def __del__(self):
d.clear()
d = {i: X(i) for i in range(8)}
def iter_and_mutate():
for result in d.items():
if result[0] == 2:
d[2] = None # free d[2] --> X(2).__del__ was called
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, iter_and_mutate)
def test_reversed(self):
d = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "foo": 0, "c": 3, "d": 4}
del d["foo"]
r = reversed(d)
self.assertEqual(list(r), list('dcba'))
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, r)
def test_reverse_iterator_for_empty_dict(self):
# bpo-38525: reversed iterator should work properly
# empty dict is directly used for reference count test
self.assertEqual(list(reversed({})), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed({}.items())), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed({}.values())), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed({}.keys())), [])
# dict() and {} don't trigger the same code path
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(dict())), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(dict().items())), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(dict().values())), [])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(dict().keys())), [])
def test_reverse_iterator_for_shared_shared_dicts(self):
class A:
def __init__(self, x, y):
if x: self.x = x
if y: self.y = y
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(A(1, 2).__dict__)), ['y', 'x'])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(A(1, 0).__dict__)), ['x'])
self.assertEqual(list(reversed(A(0, 1).__dict__)), ['y'])
def test_dict_copy_order(self):
# bpo-34320
od = collections.OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
od.move_to_end('a')
expected = list(od.items())
copy = dict(od)
self.assertEqual(list(copy.items()), expected)
# dict subclass doesn't override __iter__
class CustomDict(dict):
pass
pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
d = CustomDict(pairs)
self.assertEqual(pairs, list(dict(d).items()))
class CustomReversedDict(dict):
def keys(self):
return reversed(list(dict.keys(self)))
__iter__ = keys
def items(self):
return reversed(dict.items(self))
d = CustomReversedDict(pairs)
self.assertEqual(pairs[::-1], list(dict(d).items()))
@support.cpython_only
def test_dict_items_result_gc(self):
# bpo-42536: dict.items's tuple-reuse speed trick breaks the GC's
# assumptions about what can be untracked. Make sure we re-track result
# tuples whenever we reuse them.
it = iter({None: []}.items())
gc.collect()
# That GC collection probably untracked the recycled internal result
# tuple, which is initialized to (None, None). Make sure it's re-tracked
# when it's mutated and returned from __next__:
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(next(it)))
@support.cpython_only
def test_dict_items_result_gc_reversed(self):
# Same as test_dict_items_result_gc above, but reversed.
it = reversed({None: []}.items())
gc.collect()
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(next(it)))
def test_store_evilattr(self):
class EvilAttr:
def __init__(self, d):
self.d = d
def __del__(self):
if 'attr' in self.d:
del self.d['attr']
gc.collect()
class Obj:
pass
obj = Obj()
obj.__dict__ = {}
for _ in range(10):
obj.attr = EvilAttr(obj.__dict__)
def test_str_nonstr(self):
# cpython uses a different lookup function if the dict only contains
# `str` keys. Make sure the unoptimized path is used when a non-`str`
# key appears.
class StrSub(str):
pass
eq_count = 0
# This class compares equal to the string 'key3'
class Key3:
def __hash__(self):
return hash('key3')
def __eq__(self, other):
nonlocal eq_count
if isinstance(other, Key3) or isinstance(other, str) and other == 'key3':
eq_count += 1
return True
return False
key3_1 = StrSub('key3')
key3_2 = Key3()
key3_3 = Key3()
dicts = []
# Create dicts of the form `{'key1': 42, 'key2': 43, key3: 44}` in a
# bunch of different ways. In all cases, `key3` is not of type `str`.
# `key3_1` is a `str` subclass and `key3_2` is a completely unrelated
# type.
for key3 in (key3_1, key3_2):
# A literal
dicts.append({'key1': 42, 'key2': 43, key3: 44})
# key3 inserted via `dict.__setitem__`
d = {'key1': 42, 'key2': 43}
d[key3] = 44
dicts.append(d)
# key3 inserted via `dict.setdefault`
d = {'key1': 42, 'key2': 43}
self.assertEqual(d.setdefault(key3, 44), 44)
dicts.append(d)
# key3 inserted via `dict.update`
d = {'key1': 42, 'key2': 43}
d.update({key3: 44})
dicts.append(d)
# key3 inserted via `dict.__ior__`
d = {'key1': 42, 'key2': 43}
d |= {key3: 44}
dicts.append(d)
# `dict(iterable)`
def make_pairs():
yield ('key1', 42)
yield ('key2', 43)
yield (key3, 44)
d = dict(make_pairs())
dicts.append(d)
# `dict.copy`
d = d.copy()
dicts.append(d)
# dict comprehension
d = {key: 42 + i for i,key in enumerate(['key1', 'key2', key3])}
dicts.append(d)
for d in dicts:
with self.subTest(d=d):
self.assertEqual(d.get('key1'), 42)
# Try to make an object that is of type `str` and is equal to
# `'key1'`, but (at least on cpython) is a different object.
noninterned_key1 = 'ke'
noninterned_key1 += 'y1'
if support.check_impl_detail(cpython=True):
# suppress a SyntaxWarning
interned_key1 = 'key1'
self.assertFalse(noninterned_key1 is interned_key1)
self.assertEqual(d.get(noninterned_key1), 42)
self.assertEqual(d.get('key3'), 44)
self.assertEqual(d.get(key3_1), 44)
self.assertEqual(d.get(key3_2), 44)
# `key3_3` itself is definitely not a dict key, so make sure
# that `__eq__` gets called.
#
# Note that this might not hold for `key3_1` and `key3_2`
# because they might be the same object as one of the dict keys,
# in which case implementations are allowed to skip the call to
# `__eq__`.
eq_count = 0
self.assertEqual(d.get(key3_3), 44)
self.assertGreaterEqual(eq_count, 1)
class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
# Test _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash()
@support.cpython_only
def test_getitem_knownhash(self):
_testinternalcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testinternalcapi')
dict_getitem_knownhash = _testinternalcapi.dict_getitem_knownhash
d = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}
self.assertEqual(dict_getitem_knownhash(d, 'x', hash('x')), 1)
self.assertEqual(dict_getitem_knownhash(d, 'y', hash('y')), 2)
self.assertEqual(dict_getitem_knownhash(d, 'z', hash('z')), 3)
# not a dict
self.assertRaises(SystemError, dict_getitem_knownhash, [], 1, hash(1))
# key does not exist
self.assertRaises(KeyError, dict_getitem_knownhash, {}, 1, hash(1))
class Exc(Exception): pass
class BadEq:
def __eq__(self, other):
raise Exc
def __hash__(self):
return 7
k1, k2 = BadEq(), BadEq()
d = {k1: 1}
self.assertEqual(dict_getitem_knownhash(d, k1, hash(k1)), 1)
self.assertRaises(Exc, dict_getitem_knownhash, d, k2, hash(k2))
from test import mapping_tests
class GeneralMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol):
type2test = dict
class Dict(dict):
pass
class SubclassMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol):
type2test = Dict
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
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