from contextlib import contextmanager
import datetime
import faulthandler
import os
import re
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
from test import support
from test.support import os_helper, script_helper, is_android, MS_WINDOWS
import tempfile
import unittest
from textwrap import dedent
try:
import _testcapi
except ImportError:
_testcapi = None
if not support.has_subprocess_support:
raise unittest.SkipTest("test module requires subprocess")
TIMEOUT = 0.5
def expected_traceback(lineno1, lineno2, header, min_count=1):
regex = header
regex += ' File "<string>", line %s in func\n' % lineno1
regex += ' File "<string>", line %s in <module>' % lineno2
if 1 < min_count:
return '^' + (regex + '\n') * (min_count - 1) + regex
else:
return '^' + regex + '$'
def skip_segfault_on_android(test):
# gh-76319: Raising SIGSEGV on Android may not cause a crash.
return unittest.skipIf(is_android,
'raising SIGSEGV on Android is unreliable')(test)
@contextmanager
def temporary_filename():
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
try:
yield filename
finally:
os_helper.unlink(filename)
class FaultHandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
def get_output(self, code, filename=None, fd=None):
"""
Run the specified code in Python (in a new child process) and read the
output from the standard error or from a file (if filename is set).
Return the output lines as a list.
Strip the reference count from the standard error for Python debug
build, and replace "Current thread 0x00007f8d8fbd9700" by "Current
thread XXX".
"""
code = dedent(code).strip()
pass_fds = []
if fd is not None:
pass_fds.append(fd)
env = dict(os.environ)
# Sanitizers must not handle SIGSEGV (ex: for test_enable_fd())
option = 'handle_segv=0'
support.set_sanitizer_env_var(env, option)
with support.SuppressCrashReport():
process = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', code,
pass_fds=pass_fds,
env=env)
with process:
output, stderr = process.communicate()
exitcode = process.wait()
output = output.decode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')
if filename:
self.assertEqual(output, '')
with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
output = fp.read()
output = output.decode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')
elif fd is not None:
self.assertEqual(output, '')
os.lseek(fd, os.SEEK_SET, 0)
with open(fd, "rb", closefd=False) as fp:
output = fp.read()
output = output.decode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')
return output.splitlines(), exitcode
def check_error(self, code, lineno, fatal_error, *,
filename=None, all_threads=True, other_regex=None,
fd=None, know_current_thread=True,
py_fatal_error=False,
garbage_collecting=False,
function='<module>'):
"""
Check that the fault handler for fatal errors is enabled and check the
traceback from the child process output.
Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expected format.
"""
if all_threads:
if know_current_thread:
header = 'Current thread 0x[0-9a-f]+'
else:
header = 'Thread 0x[0-9a-f]+'
else:
header = 'Stack'
regex = [f'^{fatal_error}']
if py_fatal_error:
regex.append("Python runtime state: initialized")
regex.append('')
regex.append(fr'{header} \(most recent call first\):')
if garbage_collecting:
regex.append(' Garbage-collecting')
regex.append(fr' File "<string>", line {lineno} in {function}')
regex = '\n'.join(regex)
if other_regex:
regex = f'(?:{regex}|{other_regex})'
# Enable MULTILINE flag
regex = f'(?m){regex}'
output, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename=filename, fd=fd)
output = '\n'.join(output)
self.assertRegex(output, regex)
self.assertNotEqual(exitcode, 0)
def check_fatal_error(self, code, line_number, name_regex, func=None, **kw):
if func:
name_regex = '%s: %s' % (func, name_regex)
fatal_error = 'Fatal Python error: %s' % name_regex
self.check_error(code, line_number, fatal_error, **kw)
def check_windows_exception(self, code, line_number, name_regex, **kw):
fatal_error = 'Windows fatal exception: %s' % name_regex
self.check_error(code, line_number, fatal_error, **kw)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('aix'),
"the first page of memory is a mapped read-only on AIX")
def test_read_null(self):
if not MS_WINDOWS:
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._read_null()
""",
3,
# Issue #12700: Read NULL raises SIGILL on Mac OS X Lion
'(?:Segmentation fault'
'|Bus error'
'|Illegal instruction)')
else:
self.check_windows_exception("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._read_null()
""",
3,
'access violation')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_sigsegv(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._sigsegv()
""",
3,
'Segmentation fault')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_gc(self):
# bpo-44466: Detect if the GC is running
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
import gc
import sys
faulthandler.enable()
class RefCycle:
def __del__(self):
faulthandler._sigsegv()
# create a reference cycle which triggers a fatal
# error in a destructor
a = RefCycle()
b = RefCycle()
a.b = b
b.a = a
# Delete the objects, not the cycle
a = None
b = None
# Break the reference cycle: call __del__()
gc.collect()
# Should not reach this line
print("exit", file=sys.stderr)
""",
9,
'Segmentation fault',
function='__del__',
garbage_collecting=True)
def test_fatal_error_c_thread(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._fatal_error_c_thread()
""",
3,
'in new thread',
know_current_thread=False,
func='faulthandler_fatal_error_thread',
py_fatal_error=True)
def test_sigabrt(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._sigabrt()
""",
3,
'Aborted')
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32',
"SIGFPE cannot be caught on Windows")
def test_sigfpe(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._sigfpe()
""",
3,
'Floating-point exception')
@unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi')
@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGBUS'), 'need signal.SIGBUS')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_sigbus(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
import signal
faulthandler.enable()
signal.raise_signal(signal.SIGBUS)
""",
5,
'Bus error')
@unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi')
@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGILL'), 'need signal.SIGILL')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_sigill(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
import signal
faulthandler.enable()
signal.raise_signal(signal.SIGILL)
""",
5,
'Illegal instruction')
@unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi')
def check_fatal_error_func(self, release_gil):
# Test that Py_FatalError() dumps a traceback
with support.SuppressCrashReport():
self.check_fatal_error(f"""
import _testcapi
_testcapi.fatal_error(b'xyz', {release_gil})
""",
2,
'xyz',
func='_testcapi_fatal_error_impl',
py_fatal_error=True)
def test_fatal_error(self):
self.check_fatal_error_func(False)
def test_fatal_error_without_gil(self):
self.check_fatal_error_func(True)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('openbsd'),
"Issue #12868: sigaltstack() doesn't work on "
"OpenBSD if Python is compiled with pthread")
@unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(faulthandler, '_stack_overflow'),
'need faulthandler._stack_overflow()')
def test_stack_overflow(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._stack_overflow()
""",
3,
'(?:Segmentation fault|Bus error)',
other_regex='unable to raise a stack overflow')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_gil_released(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._sigsegv(True)
""",
3,
'Segmentation fault')
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_enable_file(self):
with temporary_filename() as filename:
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
output = open({filename}, 'wb')
faulthandler.enable(output)
faulthandler._sigsegv()
""".format(filename=repr(filename)),
4,
'Segmentation fault',
filename=filename)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32",
"subprocess doesn't support pass_fds on Windows")
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_enable_fd(self):
with tempfile.TemporaryFile('wb+') as fp:
fd = fp.fileno()
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
import sys
faulthandler.enable(%s)
faulthandler._sigsegv()
""" % fd,
4,
'Segmentation fault',
fd=fd)
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_enable_single_thread(self):
self.check_fatal_error("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable(all_threads=False)
faulthandler._sigsegv()
""",
3,
'Segmentation fault',
all_threads=False)
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_disable(self):
code = """
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler.disable()
faulthandler._sigsegv()
"""
not_expected = 'Fatal Python error'
stderr, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
stderr = '\n'.join(stderr)
self.assertTrue(not_expected not in stderr,
"%r is present in %r" % (not_expected, stderr))
self.assertNotEqual(exitcode, 0)
@skip_segfault_on_android
def test_dump_ext_modules(self):
code = """
import faulthandler
import sys
# Don't filter stdlib module names
sys.stdlib_module_names = frozenset()
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._sigsegv()
"""
stderr, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
stderr = '\n'.join(stderr)
match = re.search(r'^Extension modules:(.*) \(total: [0-9]+\)$',
stderr, re.MULTILINE)
if not match:
self.fail(f"Cannot find 'Extension modules:' in {stderr!r}")
modules = set(match.group(1).strip().split(', '))
for name in ('sys', 'faulthandler'):
self.assertIn(name, modules)
def test_is_enabled(self):
orig_stderr = sys.stderr
try:
# regrtest may replace sys.stderr by io.StringIO object, but
# faulthandler.enable() requires that sys.stderr has a fileno()
# method
sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
was_enabled = faulthandler.is_enabled()
try:
faulthandler.enable()
self.assertTrue(faulthandler.is_enabled())
faulthandler.disable()
self.assertFalse(faulthandler.is_enabled())
finally:
if was_enabled:
faulthandler.enable()
else:
faulthandler.disable()
finally:
sys.stderr = orig_stderr
@support.requires_subprocess()
def test_disabled_by_default(self):
# By default, the module should be disabled
code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
args = (sys.executable, "-E", "-c", code)
# don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enables faulthandler
output = subprocess.check_output(args)
self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"False")
@support.requires_subprocess()
def test_sys_xoptions(self):
# Test python -X faulthandler
code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
args = filter(None, (sys.executable,
"-E" if sys.flags.ignore_environment else "",
"-X", "faulthandler", "-c", code))
env = os.environ.copy()
env.pop("PYTHONFAULTHANDLER", None)
# don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enables faulthandler
output = subprocess.check_output(args, env=env)
self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"True")
@support.requires_subprocess()
def test_env_var(self):
# empty env var
code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
args = (sys.executable, "-c", code)
env = dict(os.environ)
env['PYTHONFAULTHANDLER'] = ''
env['PYTHONDEVMODE'] = ''
# don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enables faulthandler
output = subprocess.check_output(args, env=env)
self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"False")
# non-empty env var
env = dict(os.environ)
env['PYTHONFAULTHANDLER'] = '1'
env['PYTHONDEVMODE'] = ''
output = subprocess.check_output(args, env=env)
self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"True")
def check_dump_traceback(self, *, filename=None, fd=None):
"""
Explicitly call dump_traceback() function and check its output.
Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expected format.
"""
code = """
import faulthandler
filename = {filename!r}
fd = {fd}
def funcB():
if filename:
with open(filename, "wb") as fp:
faulthandler.dump_traceback(fp, all_threads=False)
elif fd is not None:
faulthandler.dump_traceback(fd,
all_threads=False)
else:
faulthandler.dump_traceback(all_threads=False)
def funcA():
funcB()
funcA()
"""
code = code.format(
filename=filename,
fd=fd,
)
if filename:
lineno = 9
elif fd is not None:
lineno = 11
else:
lineno = 14
expected = [
'Stack (most recent call first):',
' File "<string>", line %s in funcB' % lineno,
' File "<string>", line 17 in funcA',
' File "<string>", line 19 in <module>'
]
trace, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename, fd)
self.assertEqual(trace, expected)
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
def test_dump_traceback(self):
self.check_dump_traceback()
def test_dump_traceback_file(self):
with temporary_filename() as filename:
self.check_dump_traceback(filename=filename)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32",
"subprocess doesn't support pass_fds on Windows")
def test_dump_traceback_fd(self):
with tempfile.TemporaryFile('wb+') as fp:
self.check_dump_traceback(fd=fp.fileno())
def test_truncate(self):
maxlen = 500
func_name = 'x' * (maxlen + 50)
truncated = 'x' * maxlen + '...'
code = """
import faulthandler
def {func_name}():
faulthandler.dump_traceback(all_threads=False)
{func_name}()
"""
code = code.format(
func_name=func_name,
)
expected = [
'Stack (most recent call first):',
' File "<string>", line 4 in %s' % truncated,
' File "<string>", line 6 in <module>'
]
trace, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
self.assertEqual(trace, expected)
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
def check_dump_traceback_threads(self, filename):
"""
Call explicitly dump_traceback(all_threads=True) and check the output.
Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expected format.
"""
code = """
import faulthandler
from threading import Thread, Event
import time
def dump():
if {filename}:
with open({filename}, "wb") as fp:
faulthandler.dump_traceback(fp, all_threads=True)
else:
faulthandler.dump_traceback(all_threads=True)
class Waiter(Thread):
# avoid blocking if the main thread raises an exception.
daemon = True
def __init__(self):
Thread.__init__(self)
self.running = Event()
self.stop = Event()
def run(self):
self.running.set()
self.stop.wait()
waiter = Waiter()
waiter.start()
waiter.running.wait()
dump()
waiter.stop.set()
waiter.join()
"""
code = code.format(filename=repr(filename))
output, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename)
output = '\n'.join(output)
if filename:
lineno = 8
else:
lineno = 10
# When the traceback is dumped, the waiter thread may be in the
# `self.running.set()` call or in `self.stop.wait()`.
regex = r"""
^Thread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):
(?: File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in [_a-z]+
){{1,3}} File "<string>", line (?:22|23) in run
File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in _bootstrap_inner
File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in _bootstrap
Current thread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):
File "<string>", line {lineno} in dump
File "<string>", line 28 in <module>$
"""
regex = dedent(regex.format(lineno=lineno)).strip()
self.assertRegex(output, regex)
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
def test_dump_traceback_threads(self):
self.check_dump_traceback_threads(None)
def test_dump_traceback_threads_file(self):
with temporary_filename() as filename:
self.check_dump_traceback_threads(filename)
def check_dump_traceback_later(self, repeat=False, cancel=False, loops=1,
*, filename=None, fd=None):
"""
Check how many times the traceback is written in timeout x 2.5 seconds,
or timeout x 3.5 seconds if cancel is True: 1, 2 or 3 times depending
on repeat and cancel options.
Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expect format.
"""
timeout_str = str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=TIMEOUT))
code = """
import faulthandler
import time
import sys
timeout = {timeout}
repeat = {repeat}
cancel = {cancel}
loops = {loops}
filename = {filename!r}
fd = {fd}
def func(timeout, repeat, cancel, file, loops):
for loop in range(loops):
faulthandler.dump_traceback_later(timeout, repeat=repeat, file=file)
if cancel:
faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later()
time.sleep(timeout * 5)
faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later()
if filename:
file = open(filename, "wb")
elif fd is not None:
file = sys.stderr.fileno()
else:
file = None
func(timeout, repeat, cancel, file, loops)
if filename:
file.close()
"""
code = code.format(
timeout=TIMEOUT,
repeat=repeat,
cancel=cancel,
loops=loops,
filename=filename,
fd=fd,
)
trace, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename)
trace = '\n'.join(trace)
if not cancel:
count = loops
if repeat:
count *= 2
header = r'Timeout \(%s\)!\nThread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):\n' % timeout_str
regex = expected_traceback(17, 26, header, min_count=count)
self.assertRegex(trace, regex)
else:
self.assertEqual(trace, '')
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
def test_dump_traceback_later(self):
self.check_dump_traceback_later()
def test_dump_traceback_later_repeat(self):
self.check_dump_traceback_later(repeat=True)
def test_dump_traceback_later_cancel(self):
self.check_dump_traceback_later(cancel=True)
def test_dump_traceback_later_file(self):
with temporary_filename() as filename:
self.check_dump_traceback_later(filename=filename)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32",
"subprocess doesn't support pass_fds on Windows")
def test_dump_traceback_later_fd(self):
with tempfile.TemporaryFile('wb+') as fp:
self.check_dump_traceback_later(fd=fp.fileno())
@support.requires_resource('walltime')
def test_dump_traceback_later_twice(self):
self.check_dump_traceback_later(loops=2)
@unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(faulthandler, "register"),
"need faulthandler.register")
def check_register(self, filename=False, all_threads=False,
unregister=False, chain=False, fd=None):
"""
Register a handler displaying the traceback on a user signal. Raise the
signal and check the written traceback.
If chain is True, check that the previous signal handler is called.
Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expected format.
"""
signum = signal.SIGUSR1
code = """
import faulthandler
import os
import signal
import sys
all_threads = {all_threads}
signum = {signum:d}
unregister = {unregister}
chain = {chain}
filename = {filename!r}
fd = {fd}
def func(signum):
os.kill(os.getpid(), signum)
def handler(signum, frame):
handler.called = True
handler.called = False
if filename:
file = open(filename, "wb")
elif fd is not None:
file = sys.stderr.fileno()
else:
file = None
if chain:
signal.signal(signum, handler)
faulthandler.register(signum, file=file,
all_threads=all_threads, chain={chain})
if unregister:
faulthandler.unregister(signum)
func(signum)
if chain and not handler.called:
if file is not None:
output = file
else:
output = sys.stderr
print("Error: signal handler not called!", file=output)
exitcode = 1
else:
exitcode = 0
if filename:
file.close()
sys.exit(exitcode)
"""
code = code.format(
all_threads=all_threads,
signum=signum,
unregister=unregister,
chain=chain,
filename=filename,
fd=fd,
)
trace, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename)
trace = '\n'.join(trace)
if not unregister:
if all_threads:
regex = r'Current thread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):\n'
else:
regex = r'Stack \(most recent call first\):\n'
regex = expected_traceback(14, 32, regex)
self.assertRegex(trace, regex)
else:
self.assertEqual(trace, '')
if unregister:
self.assertNotEqual(exitcode, 0)
else:
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
def test_register(self):
self.check_register()
def test_unregister(self):
self.check_register(unregister=True)
def test_register_file(self):
with temporary_filename() as filename:
self.check_register(filename=filename)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32",
"subprocess doesn't support pass_fds on Windows")
def test_register_fd(self):
with tempfile.TemporaryFile('wb+') as fp:
self.check_register(fd=fp.fileno())
def test_register_threads(self):
self.check_register(all_threads=True)
def test_register_chain(self):
self.check_register(chain=True)
@contextmanager
def check_stderr_none(self):
stderr = sys.stderr
try:
sys.stderr = None
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as cm:
yield
self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "sys.stderr is None")
finally:
sys.stderr = stderr
def test_stderr_None(self):
# Issue #21497: provide a helpful error if sys.stderr is None,
# instead of just an attribute error: "None has no attribute fileno".
with self.check_stderr_none():
faulthandler.enable()
with self.check_stderr_none():
faulthandler.dump_traceback()
with self.check_stderr_none():
faulthandler.dump_traceback_later(1e-3)
if hasattr(faulthandler, "register"):
with self.check_stderr_none():
faulthandler.register(signal.SIGUSR1)
@unittest.skipUnless(MS_WINDOWS, 'specific to Windows')
def test_raise_exception(self):
for exc, name in (
('EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION', 'access violation'),
('EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO', 'int divide by zero'),
('EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW', 'stack overflow'),
):
self.check_windows_exception(f"""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._raise_exception(faulthandler._{exc})
""",
3,
name)
@unittest.skipUnless(MS_WINDOWS, 'specific to Windows')
def test_ignore_exception(self):
for exc_code in (
0xE06D7363, # MSC exception ("Emsc")
0xE0434352, # COM Callable Runtime exception ("ECCR")
):
code = f"""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._raise_exception({exc_code})
"""
code = dedent(code)
output, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
self.assertEqual(output, [])
self.assertEqual(exitcode, exc_code)
@unittest.skipUnless(MS_WINDOWS, 'specific to Windows')
def test_raise_nonfatal_exception(self):
# These exceptions are not strictly errors. Letting
# faulthandler display the traceback when they are
# raised is likely to result in noise. However, they
# may still terminate the process if there is no
# handler installed for them (which there typically
# is, e.g. for debug messages).
for exc in (
0x00000000,
0x34567890,
0x40000000,
0x40001000,
0x70000000,
0x7FFFFFFF,
):
output, exitcode = self.get_output(f"""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler._raise_exception(0x{exc:x})
"""
)
self.assertEqual(output, [])
# On Windows older than 7 SP1, the actual exception code has
# bit 29 cleared.
self.assertIn(exitcode,
(exc, exc & ~0x10000000))
@unittest.skipUnless(MS_WINDOWS, 'specific to Windows')
def test_disable_windows_exc_handler(self):
code = dedent("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()
faulthandler.disable()
code = faulthandler._EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION
faulthandler._raise_exception(code)
""")
output, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
self.assertEqual(output, [])
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0xC0000005)
def test_cancel_later_without_dump_traceback_later(self):
# bpo-37933: Calling cancel_dump_traceback_later()
# without dump_traceback_later() must not segfault.
code = dedent("""
import faulthandler
faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later()
""")
output, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
self.assertEqual(output, [])
self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
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