#!/usr/bin/python
'''
From gdb 7 onwards, gdb's build can be configured --with-python, allowing gdb
to be extended with Python code e.g. for library-specific data visualizations,
such as for the C++ STL types. Documentation on this API can be seen at:
http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/Python-API.html
This python module deals with the case when the process being debugged (the
"inferior process" in gdb parlance) is itself python, or more specifically,
linked against libpython. In this situation, almost every item of data is a
(PyObject*), and having the debugger merely print their addresses is not very
enlightening.
This module embeds knowledge about the implementation details of libpython so
that we can emit useful visualizations e.g. a string, a list, a dict, a frame
giving file/line information and the state of local variables
In particular, given a gdb.Value corresponding to a PyObject* in the inferior
process, we can generate a "proxy value" within the gdb process. For example,
given a PyObject* in the inferior process that is in fact a PyListObject*
holding three PyObject* that turn out to be PyBytesObject* instances, we can
generate a proxy value within the gdb process that is a list of bytes
instances:
[b"foo", b"bar", b"baz"]
Doing so can be expensive for complicated graphs of objects, and could take
some time, so we also have a "write_repr" method that writes a representation
of the data to a file-like object. This allows us to stop the traversal by
having the file-like object raise an exception if it gets too much data.
With both "proxyval" and "write_repr" we keep track of the set of all addresses
visited so far in the traversal, to avoid infinite recursion due to cycles in
the graph of object references.
We try to defer gdb.lookup_type() invocations for python types until as late as
possible: for a dynamically linked python binary, when the process starts in
the debugger, the libpython.so hasn't been dynamically loaded yet, so none of
the type names are known to the debugger
The module also extends gdb with some python-specific commands.
'''
import gdb
import os
import locale
import sys
# Look up the gdb.Type for some standard types:
# Those need to be refreshed as types (pointer sizes) may change when
# gdb loads different executables
def _type_char_ptr():
return gdb.lookup_type('char').pointer() # char*
def _type_unsigned_char_ptr():
return gdb.lookup_type('unsigned char').pointer() # unsigned char*
def _type_unsigned_short_ptr():
return gdb.lookup_type('unsigned short').pointer()
def _type_unsigned_int_ptr():
return gdb.lookup_type('unsigned int').pointer()
def _sizeof_void_p():
return gdb.lookup_type('void').pointer().sizeof
def _managed_dict_offset():
# See pycore_object.h
pyobj = gdb.lookup_type("PyObject")
if any(field.name == "ob_ref_local" for field in pyobj.fields()):
return -1 * _sizeof_void_p()
else:
return -3 * _sizeof_void_p()
_INTERP_FRAME_HAS_TLBC_INDEX = None
def interp_frame_has_tlbc_index():
global _INTERP_FRAME_HAS_TLBC_INDEX
if _INTERP_FRAME_HAS_TLBC_INDEX is None:
interp_frame = gdb.lookup_type("_PyInterpreterFrame")
_INTERP_FRAME_HAS_TLBC_INDEX = any(field.name == "tlbc_index"
for field in interp_frame.fields())
return _INTERP_FRAME_HAS_TLBC_INDEX
Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES = (1 << 2)
Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT = (1 << 4)
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE = (1 << 9)
Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS = (1 << 24)
Py_TPFLAGS_LIST_SUBCLASS = (1 << 25)
Py_TPFLAGS_TUPLE_SUBCLASS = (1 << 26)
Py_TPFLAGS_BYTES_SUBCLASS = (1 << 27)
Py_TPFLAGS_UNICODE_SUBCLASS = (1 << 28)
Py_TPFLAGS_DICT_SUBCLASS = (1 << 29)
Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS = (1 << 30)
Py_TPFLAGS_TYPE_SUBCLASS = (1 << 31)
#From pycore_frame.h
FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK = 3
MAX_OUTPUT_LEN=1024
hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef"
USED_TAGS = 0b11
ENCODING = locale.getpreferredencoding()
FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT = '(frame information optimized out)'
UNABLE_READ_INFO_PYTHON_FRAME = 'Unable to read information on python frame'
EVALFRAME = '_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault'
class NullPyObjectPtr(RuntimeError):
pass
def safety_limit(val):
# Given an integer value from the process being debugged, limit it to some
# safety threshold so that arbitrary breakage within said process doesn't
# break the gdb process too much (e.g. sizes of iterations, sizes of lists)
return min(val, 1000)
def safe_range(val):
# As per range, but don't trust the value too much: cap it to a safety
# threshold in case the data was corrupted
return range(safety_limit(int(val)))
class StringTruncated(RuntimeError):
pass
class TruncatedStringIO(object):
'''Similar to io.StringIO, but can truncate the output by raising a
StringTruncated exception'''
def __init__(self, maxlen=None):
self._val = ''
self.maxlen = maxlen
def write(self, data):
if self.maxlen:
if len(data) + len(self._val) > self.maxlen:
# Truncation:
self._val += data[0:self.maxlen - len(self._val)]
raise StringTruncated()
self._val += data
def getvalue(self):
return self._val
class PyObjectPtr(object):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's either a (PyObject*) within the
inferior process, or some subclass pointer e.g. (PyBytesObject*)
There will be a subclass for every refined PyObject type that we care
about.
Note that at every stage the underlying pointer could be NULL, point
to corrupt data, etc; this is the debugger, after all.
"""
_typename = 'PyObject'
def __init__(self, gdbval, cast_to=None):
# Clear the tagged pointer
if gdbval.type.name == '_PyStackRef':
if cast_to is None:
cast_to = gdb.lookup_type('PyObject').pointer()
self._gdbval = gdb.Value(int(gdbval['bits']) & ~USED_TAGS).cast(cast_to)
elif cast_to:
self._gdbval = gdbval.cast(cast_to)
else:
self._gdbval = gdbval
def field(self, name):
'''
Get the gdb.Value for the given field within the PyObject.
Various libpython types are defined using the "PyObject_HEAD" and
"PyObject_VAR_HEAD" macros.
In Python, this is defined as an embedded PyVarObject type thus:
PyVarObject ob_base;
so that the "ob_size" field is located insize the "ob_base" field, and
the "ob_type" is most easily accessed by casting back to a (PyObject*).
'''
if self.is_null():
raise NullPyObjectPtr(self)
if name == 'ob_type':
pyo_ptr = self._gdbval.cast(PyObjectPtr.get_gdb_type())
return pyo_ptr.dereference()[name]
if name == 'ob_size':
pyo_ptr = self._gdbval.cast(PyVarObjectPtr.get_gdb_type())
return pyo_ptr.dereference()[name]
# General case: look it up inside the object:
return self._gdbval.dereference()[name]
def pyop_field(self, name):
'''
Get a PyObjectPtr for the given PyObject* field within this PyObject.
'''
return PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self.field(name))
def write_field_repr(self, name, out, visited):
'''
Extract the PyObject* field named "name", and write its representation
to file-like object "out"
'''
field_obj = self.pyop_field(name)
field_obj.write_repr(out, visited)
def get_truncated_repr(self, maxlen):
'''
Get a repr-like string for the data, but truncate it at "maxlen" bytes
(ending the object graph traversal as soon as you do)
'''
out = TruncatedStringIO(maxlen)
try:
self.write_repr(out, set())
except StringTruncated:
# Truncation occurred:
return out.getvalue() + '...(truncated)'
# No truncation occurred:
return out.getvalue()
def type(self):
return PyTypeObjectPtr(self.field('ob_type'))
def is_null(self):
return 0 == int(self._gdbval)
def is_optimized_out(self):
'''
Is the value of the underlying PyObject* visible to the debugger?
This can vary with the precise version of the compiler used to build
Python, and the precise version of gdb.
See e.g. https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=556975 with
PyEval_EvalFrameEx's "f"
'''
return self._gdbval.is_optimized_out
def safe_tp_name(self):
try:
ob_type = self.type()
tp_name = ob_type.field('tp_name')
return tp_name.string()
# NullPyObjectPtr: NULL tp_name?
# RuntimeError: Can't even read the object at all?
# UnicodeDecodeError: Failed to decode tp_name bytestring
except (NullPyObjectPtr, RuntimeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
return 'unknown'
def proxyval(self, visited):
'''
Scrape a value from the inferior process, and try to represent it
within the gdb process, whilst (hopefully) avoiding crashes when
the remote data is corrupt.
Derived classes will override this.
For example, a PyLongObjectPtr* with long_value 42 in the inferior process
should result in an int(42) in this process.
visited: a set of all gdb.Value pyobject pointers already visited
whilst generating this value (to guard against infinite recursion when
visiting object graphs with loops). Analogous to Py_ReprEnter and
Py_ReprLeave
'''
class FakeRepr(object):
"""
Class representing a non-descript PyObject* value in the inferior
process for when we don't have a custom scraper, intended to have
a sane repr().
"""
def __init__(self, tp_name, address):
self.tp_name = tp_name
self.address = address
def __repr__(self):
# For the NULL pointer, we have no way of knowing a type, so
# special-case it as per
# http://bugs.python.org/issue8032#msg100882
if self.address == 0:
return '0x0'
return '<%s at remote 0x%x>' % (self.tp_name, self.address)
return FakeRepr(self.safe_tp_name(),
int(self._gdbval))
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
'''
Write a string representation of the value scraped from the inferior
process to "out", a file-like object.
'''
# Default implementation: generate a proxy value and write its repr
# However, this could involve a lot of work for complicated objects,
# so for derived classes we specialize this
return out.write(repr(self.proxyval(visited)))
@classmethod
def subclass_from_type(cls, t):
'''
Given a PyTypeObjectPtr instance wrapping a gdb.Value that's a
(PyTypeObject*), determine the corresponding subclass of PyObjectPtr
to use
Ideally, we would look up the symbols for the global types, but that
isn't working yet:
(gdb) python print gdb.lookup_symbol('PyList_Type')[0].value
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NotImplementedError: Symbol type not yet supported in Python scripts.
Error while executing Python code.
For now, we use tp_flags, after doing some string comparisons on the
tp_name for some special-cases that don't seem to be visible through
flags
'''
try:
tp_name = t.field('tp_name').string()
tp_flags = int(t.field('tp_flags'))
# RuntimeError: NULL pointers
# UnicodeDecodeError: string() fails to decode the bytestring
except (RuntimeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
# Handle any kind of error e.g. NULL ptrs by simply using the base
# class
return cls
#print('tp_flags = 0x%08x' % tp_flags)
#print('tp_name = %r' % tp_name)
name_map = {'bool': PyBoolObjectPtr,
'classobj': PyClassObjectPtr,
'NoneType': PyNoneStructPtr,
'frame': PyFrameObjectPtr,
'set' : PySetObjectPtr,
'frozenset' : PySetObjectPtr,
'builtin_function_or_method' : PyCFunctionObjectPtr,
'method-wrapper': wrapperobject,
}
if tp_name in name_map:
return name_map[tp_name]
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE:
return HeapTypeObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS:
return PyLongObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_LIST_SUBCLASS:
return PyListObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_TUPLE_SUBCLASS:
return PyTupleObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_BYTES_SUBCLASS:
return PyBytesObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_UNICODE_SUBCLASS:
return PyUnicodeObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_DICT_SUBCLASS:
return PyDictObjectPtr
if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS:
return PyBaseExceptionObjectPtr
#if tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_TYPE_SUBCLASS:
# return PyTypeObjectPtr
# Use the base class:
return cls
@classmethod
def from_pyobject_ptr(cls, gdbval):
'''
Try to locate the appropriate derived class dynamically, and cast
the pointer accordingly.
'''
try:
p = PyObjectPtr(gdbval)
cls = cls.subclass_from_type(p.type())
return cls(gdbval, cast_to=cls.get_gdb_type())
except RuntimeError:
# Handle any kind of error e.g. NULL ptrs by simply using the base
# class
pass
return cls(gdbval)
@classmethod
def get_gdb_type(cls):
return gdb.lookup_type(cls._typename).pointer()
def as_address(self):
return int(self._gdbval)
class PyVarObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyVarObject'
class ProxyAlreadyVisited(object):
'''
Placeholder proxy to use when protecting against infinite recursion due to
loops in the object graph.
Analogous to the values emitted by the users of Py_ReprEnter and Py_ReprLeave
'''
def __init__(self, rep):
self._rep = rep
def __repr__(self):
return self._rep
def _write_instance_repr(out, visited, name, pyop_attrdict, address):
'''Shared code for use by all classes:
write a representation to file-like object "out"'''
out.write('<')
out.write(name)
# Write dictionary of instance attributes:
if isinstance(pyop_attrdict, (PyKeysValuesPair, PyDictObjectPtr)):
out.write('(')
first = True
items = pyop_attrdict.iteritems()
for pyop_arg, pyop_val in items:
if not first:
out.write(', ')
first = False
out.write(pyop_arg.proxyval(visited))
out.write('=')
pyop_val.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write(')')
out.write(' at remote 0x%x>' % address)
class InstanceProxy(object):
def __init__(self, cl_name, attrdict, address):
self.cl_name = cl_name
self.attrdict = attrdict
self.address = address
def __repr__(self):
if isinstance(self.attrdict, dict):
kwargs = ', '.join(["%s=%r" % (arg, val)
for arg, val in self.attrdict.items()])
return '<%s(%s) at remote 0x%x>' % (self.cl_name,
kwargs, self.address)
else:
return '<%s at remote 0x%x>' % (self.cl_name,
self.address)
def _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(typeobj, nitems):
if _PyObject_VAR_SIZE._type_size_t is None:
_PyObject_VAR_SIZE._type_size_t = gdb.lookup_type('size_t')
return ( ( typeobj.field('tp_basicsize') +
nitems * typeobj.field('tp_itemsize') +
(_sizeof_void_p() - 1)
) & ~(_sizeof_void_p() - 1)
).cast(_PyObject_VAR_SIZE._type_size_t)
_PyObject_VAR_SIZE._type_size_t = None
class HeapTypeObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyObject'
def get_attr_dict(self):
'''
Get the PyDictObject ptr representing the attribute dictionary
(or None if there's a problem)
'''
try:
typeobj = self.type()
dictoffset = int_from_int(typeobj.field('tp_dictoffset'))
if dictoffset != 0:
if dictoffset < 0:
if int_from_int(typeobj.field('tp_flags')) & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT:
assert dictoffset == -1
dictoffset = _managed_dict_offset()
else:
type_PyVarObject_ptr = gdb.lookup_type('PyVarObject').pointer()
tsize = int_from_int(self._gdbval.cast(type_PyVarObject_ptr)['ob_size'])
if tsize < 0:
tsize = -tsize
size = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(typeobj, tsize)
dictoffset += size
assert dictoffset % _sizeof_void_p() == 0
dictptr = self._gdbval.cast(_type_char_ptr()) + dictoffset
PyObjectPtrPtr = PyObjectPtr.get_gdb_type().pointer()
dictptr = dictptr.cast(PyObjectPtrPtr)
if int(dictptr.dereference()) & 1:
return None
return PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(dictptr.dereference())
except RuntimeError:
# Corrupt data somewhere; fail safe
pass
# Not found, or some kind of error:
return None
def get_keys_values(self):
typeobj = self.type()
has_values = int_from_int(typeobj.field('tp_flags')) & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT
if not has_values:
return None
obj_ptr = self._gdbval.cast(_type_char_ptr())
dict_ptr_ptr = obj_ptr + _managed_dict_offset()
dict_ptr = dict_ptr_ptr.cast(_type_char_ptr().pointer()).dereference()
if int(dict_ptr):
return None
char_ptr = obj_ptr + typeobj.field('tp_basicsize')
values_ptr = char_ptr.cast(gdb.lookup_type("PyDictValues").pointer())
values = values_ptr['values']
return PyKeysValuesPair(self.get_cached_keys(), values)
def get_cached_keys(self):
typeobj = self.type()
HeapTypePtr = gdb.lookup_type("PyHeapTypeObject").pointer()
return typeobj._gdbval.cast(HeapTypePtr)['ht_cached_keys']
def proxyval(self, visited):
'''
Support for classes.
Currently we just locate the dictionary using a transliteration to
python of _PyObject_GetDictPtr, ignoring descriptors
'''
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('<...>')
visited.add(self.as_address())
keys_values = self.get_keys_values()
if keys_values:
attr_dict = keys_values.proxyval(visited)
else:
pyop_attr_dict = self.get_attr_dict()
if pyop_attr_dict:
attr_dict = pyop_attr_dict.proxyval(visited)
else:
attr_dict = {}
tp_name = self.safe_tp_name()
# Class:
return InstanceProxy(tp_name, attr_dict, int(self._gdbval))
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('<...>')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
pyop_attrs = self.get_keys_values()
if not pyop_attrs:
pyop_attrs = self.get_attr_dict()
_write_instance_repr(out, visited,
self.safe_tp_name(), pyop_attrs, self.as_address())
class ProxyException(Exception):
def __init__(self, tp_name, args):
self.tp_name = tp_name
self.args = args
def __repr__(self):
return '%s%r' % (self.tp_name, self.args)
class PyBaseExceptionObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyBaseExceptionObject* i.e. an exception
within the process being debugged.
"""
_typename = 'PyBaseExceptionObject'
def proxyval(self, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('(...)')
visited.add(self.as_address())
arg_proxy = self.pyop_field('args').proxyval(visited)
return ProxyException(self.safe_tp_name(),
arg_proxy)
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('(...)')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
out.write(self.safe_tp_name())
self.write_field_repr('args', out, visited)
class PyClassObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyClassObject* i.e. a <classobj>
instance within the process being debugged.
"""
_typename = 'PyClassObject'
class BuiltInFunctionProxy(object):
def __init__(self, ml_name):
self.ml_name = ml_name
def __repr__(self):
return "<built-in function %s>" % self.ml_name
class BuiltInMethodProxy(object):
def __init__(self, ml_name, pyop_m_self):
self.ml_name = ml_name
self.pyop_m_self = pyop_m_self
def __repr__(self):
return ('<built-in method %s of %s object at remote 0x%x>'
% (self.ml_name,
self.pyop_m_self.safe_tp_name(),
self.pyop_m_self.as_address())
)
class PyCFunctionObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyCFunctionObject*
(see Include/methodobject.h and Objects/methodobject.c)
"""
_typename = 'PyCFunctionObject'
def proxyval(self, visited):
m_ml = self.field('m_ml') # m_ml is a (PyMethodDef*)
try:
ml_name = m_ml['ml_name'].string()
except UnicodeDecodeError:
ml_name = '<ml_name:UnicodeDecodeError>'
pyop_m_self = self.pyop_field('m_self')
if pyop_m_self.is_null():
return BuiltInFunctionProxy(ml_name)
else:
return BuiltInMethodProxy(ml_name, pyop_m_self)
# Python implementation of location table parsing algorithm
def read(it):
return ord(next(it))
def read_varint(it):
b = read(it)
val = b & 63;
shift = 0;
while b & 64:
b = read(it)
shift += 6
val |= (b&63) << shift
return val
def read_signed_varint(it):
uval = read_varint(it)
if uval & 1:
return -(uval >> 1)
else:
return uval >> 1
def parse_location_table(firstlineno, linetable):
line = firstlineno
addr = 0
it = iter(linetable)
while True:
try:
first_byte = read(it)
except StopIteration:
return
code = (first_byte >> 3) & 15
length = (first_byte & 7) + 1
end_addr = addr + length
if code == 15:
yield addr, end_addr, None
addr = end_addr
continue
elif code == 14: # Long form
line_delta = read_signed_varint(it)
line += line_delta
end_line = line + read_varint(it)
col = read_varint(it)
end_col = read_varint(it)
elif code == 13: # No column
line_delta = read_signed_varint(it)
line += line_delta
elif code in (10, 11, 12): # new line
line_delta = code - 10
line += line_delta
column = read(it)
end_column = read(it)
else:
assert (0 <= code < 10)
second_byte = read(it)
column = code << 3 | (second_byte >> 4)
yield addr, end_addr, line
addr = end_addr
class PyCodeArrayPtr:
def __init__(self, gdbval):
self._gdbval = gdbval
def get_entry(self, index):
assert (index >= 0) and (index < self._gdbval["size"])
return self._gdbval["entries"][index]
class PyCodeObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyCodeObject* i.e. a <code> instance
within the process being debugged.
"""
_typename = 'PyCodeObject'
def addr2line(self, addrq):
'''
Get the line number for a given bytecode offset
Analogous to PyCode_Addr2Line; translated from pseudocode in
Objects/lnotab_notes.txt
'''
co_linetable = self.pyop_field('co_linetable').proxyval(set())
# Initialize lineno to co_firstlineno as per PyCode_Addr2Line
# not 0, as lnotab_notes.txt has it:
lineno = int_from_int(self.field('co_firstlineno'))
if addrq < 0:
return lineno
addr = 0
for addr, end_addr, line in parse_location_table(lineno, co_linetable):
if addr <= addrq and end_addr > addrq:
return line
assert False, "Unreachable"
def items_from_keys_and_values(keys, values):
entries, nentries = PyDictObjectPtr._get_entries(keys)
for i in safe_range(nentries):
ep = entries[i]
pyop_value = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(values[i])
if not pyop_value.is_null():
pyop_key = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(ep['me_key'])
yield (pyop_key, pyop_value)
class PyKeysValuesPair:
def __init__(self, keys, values):
self.keys = keys
self.values = values
def iteritems(self):
return items_from_keys_and_values(self.keys, self.values)
def proxyval(self, visited):
result = {}
for pyop_key, pyop_value in self.iteritems():
proxy_key = pyop_key.proxyval(visited)
proxy_value = pyop_value.proxyval(visited)
result[proxy_key] = proxy_value
return result
class PyDictObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyDictObject* i.e. a dict instance
within the process being debugged.
"""
_typename = 'PyDictObject'
def iteritems(self):
'''
Yields a sequence of (PyObjectPtr key, PyObjectPtr value) pairs,
analogous to dict.iteritems()
'''
keys = self.field('ma_keys')
values = self.field('ma_values')
has_values = int(values)
if has_values:
values = values['values']
if has_values:
for item in items_from_keys_and_values(keys, values):
yield item
return
entries, nentries = self._get_entries(keys)
for i in safe_range(nentries):
ep = entries[i]
pyop_value = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(ep['me_value'])
if not pyop_value.is_null():
pyop_key = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(ep['me_key'])
yield (pyop_key, pyop_value)
def proxyval(self, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('{...}')
visited.add(self.as_address())
result = {}
for pyop_key, pyop_value in self.iteritems():
proxy_key = pyop_key.proxyval(visited)
proxy_value = pyop_value.proxyval(visited)
result[proxy_key] = proxy_value
return result
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('{...}')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
out.write('{')
first = True
for pyop_key, pyop_value in self.iteritems():
if not first:
out.write(', ')
first = False
pyop_key.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write(': ')
pyop_value.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write('}')
@staticmethod
def _get_entries(keys):
dk_nentries = int(keys['dk_nentries'])
dk_size = 1<<int(keys['dk_log2_size'])
if dk_size <= 0xFF:
offset = dk_size
elif dk_size <= 0xFFFF:
offset = 2 * dk_size
elif dk_size <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
offset = 4 * dk_size
else:
offset = 8 * dk_size
ent_addr = keys['dk_indices'].address
ent_addr = ent_addr.cast(_type_unsigned_char_ptr()) + offset
if int(keys['dk_kind']) == 0: # DICT_KEYS_GENERAL
ent_ptr_t = gdb.lookup_type('PyDictKeyEntry').pointer()
else:
ent_ptr_t = gdb.lookup_type('PyDictUnicodeEntry').pointer()
ent_addr = ent_addr.cast(ent_ptr_t)
return ent_addr, dk_nentries
class PyListObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyListObject'
def __getitem__(self, i):
# Get the gdb.Value for the (PyObject*) with the given index:
field_ob_item = self.field('ob_item')
return field_ob_item[i]
def proxyval(self, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('[...]')
visited.add(self.as_address())
result = [PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self[i]).proxyval(visited)
for i in safe_range(int_from_int(self.field('ob_size')))]
return result
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('[...]')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
out.write('[')
for i in safe_range(int_from_int(self.field('ob_size'))):
if i > 0:
out.write(', ')
element = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self[i])
element.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write(']')
class PyLongObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyLongObject'
def proxyval(self, visited):
'''
Python's Include/longinterpr.h has this declaration:
typedef struct _PyLongValue {
uintptr_t lv_tag; /* Number of digits, sign and flags */
digit ob_digit[1];
} _PyLongValue;
struct _longobject {
PyObject_HEAD
_PyLongValue long_value;
};
with this description:
The absolute value of a number is equal to
SUM(for i=0 through ndigits-1) ob_digit[i] * 2**(PyLong_SHIFT*i)
The sign of the value is stored in the lower 2 bits of lv_tag.
- 0: Positive
- 1: Zero
- 2: Negative
The third lowest bit of lv_tag is reserved for an immortality flag, but is
not currently used.
where SHIFT can be either:
#define PyLong_SHIFT 30
#define PyLong_SHIFT 15
'''
long_value = self.field('long_value')
lv_tag = int(long_value['lv_tag'])
size = lv_tag >> 3
if size == 0:
return 0
ob_digit = long_value['ob_digit']
if gdb.lookup_type('digit').sizeof == 2:
SHIFT = 15
else:
SHIFT = 30
digits = [int(ob_digit[i]) * 2**(SHIFT*i)
for i in safe_range(size)]
result = sum(digits)
if (lv_tag & 3) == 2:
result = -result
return result
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Write this out as a Python int literal
proxy = self.proxyval(visited)
out.write("%s" % proxy)
class PyBoolObjectPtr(PyLongObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyBoolObject* i.e. one of the two
<bool> instances (Py_True/Py_False) within the process being debugged.
"""
def proxyval(self, visited):
if PyLongObjectPtr.proxyval(self, visited):
return True
else:
return False
class PyNoneStructPtr(PyObjectPtr):
"""
Class wrapping a gdb.Value that's a PyObject* pointing to the
singleton (we hope) _Py_NoneStruct with ob_type PyNone_Type
"""
_typename = 'PyObject'
def proxyval(self, visited):
return None
class PyFrameObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyFrameObject'
def __init__(self, gdbval, cast_to=None):
PyObjectPtr.__init__(self, gdbval, cast_to)
if not self.is_optimized_out():
self._frame = PyFramePtr(self.field('f_frame'))
def iter_locals(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the local variables of this frame
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return
return self._frame.iter_locals()
def iter_globals(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the global variables of this frame
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return ()
return self._frame.iter_globals()
def iter_builtins(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the builtin variables
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return ()
return self._frame.iter_builtins()
def get_var_by_name(self, name):
if self.is_optimized_out():
return None, None
return self._frame.get_var_by_name(name)
def filename(self):
'''Get the path of the current Python source file, as a string'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT
return self._frame.filename()
def current_line_num(self):
'''Get current line number as an integer (1-based)
Translated from PyFrame_GetLineNumber and PyCode_Addr2Line
See Objects/lnotab_notes.txt
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return None
return self._frame.current_line_num()
def current_line(self):
'''Get the text of the current source line as a string, with a trailing
newline character'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT
return self._frame.current_line()
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
if self.is_optimized_out():
out.write(FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT)
return
return self._frame.write_repr(out, visited)
def print_traceback(self):
if self.is_optimized_out():
sys.stdout.write(' %s\n' % FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT)
return
return self._frame.print_traceback()
class PyFramePtr:
def __init__(self, gdbval):
self._gdbval = gdbval
if not self.is_optimized_out():
try:
self.co = self._f_code()
self.co_name = self.co.pyop_field('co_name')
self.co_filename = self.co.pyop_field('co_filename')
self.f_lasti = self._f_lasti()
self.co_nlocals = int_from_int(self.co.field('co_nlocals'))
pnames = self.co.field('co_localsplusnames')
self.co_localsplusnames = PyTupleObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(pnames)
self._is_code = True
except:
self._is_code = False
def is_optimized_out(self):
return self._gdbval.is_optimized_out
def iter_locals(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the local variables of this frame
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return
obj_ptr_ptr = gdb.lookup_type("PyObject").pointer().pointer()
localsplus = self._gdbval["localsplus"]
for i in safe_range(self.co_nlocals):
pyop_value = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(localsplus[i])
if pyop_value.is_null():
continue
pyop_name = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self.co_localsplusnames[i])
yield (pyop_name, pyop_value)
def _f_special(self, name, convert=PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr):
return convert(self._gdbval[name])
def _f_globals(self):
return self._f_special("f_globals")
def _f_builtins(self):
return self._f_special("f_builtins")
def _f_code(self):
return self._f_special("f_executable", PyCodeObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr)
def _f_executable(self):
return self._f_special("f_executable")
def _f_nlocalsplus(self):
return self._f_special("nlocalsplus", int_from_int)
def _f_lasti(self):
codeunit_p = gdb.lookup_type("_Py_CODEUNIT").pointer()
instr_ptr = self._gdbval["instr_ptr"]
if interp_frame_has_tlbc_index():
tlbc_index = self._gdbval["tlbc_index"]
code_arr = PyCodeArrayPtr(self._f_code().field("co_tlbc"))
first_instr = code_arr.get_entry(tlbc_index).cast(codeunit_p)
else:
first_instr = self._f_code().field("co_code_adaptive").cast(codeunit_p)
return int(instr_ptr - first_instr)
def is_shim(self):
return self._f_special("owner", int) == FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK
def previous(self):
return self._f_special("previous", PyFramePtr)
def iter_globals(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the global variables of this frame
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return ()
pyop_globals = self._f_globals()
return pyop_globals.iteritems()
def iter_builtins(self):
'''
Yield a sequence of (name,value) pairs of PyObjectPtr instances, for
the builtin variables
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return ()
pyop_builtins = self._f_builtins()
return pyop_builtins.iteritems()
def get_var_by_name(self, name):
'''
Look for the named local variable, returning a (PyObjectPtr, scope) pair
where scope is a string 'local', 'global', 'builtin'
If not found, return (None, None)
'''
for pyop_name, pyop_value in self.iter_locals():
if name == pyop_name.proxyval(set()):
return pyop_value, 'local'
for pyop_name, pyop_value in self.iter_globals():
if name == pyop_name.proxyval(set()):
return pyop_value, 'global'
for pyop_name, pyop_value in self.iter_builtins():
if name == pyop_name.proxyval(set()):
return pyop_value, 'builtin'
return None, None
def filename(self):
'''Get the path of the current Python source file, as a string'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT
return self.co_filename.proxyval(set())
def current_line_num(self):
'''Get current line number as an integer (1-based)
Translated from PyFrame_GetLineNumber and PyCode_Addr2Line
See Objects/lnotab_notes.txt
'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return None
try:
return self.co.addr2line(self.f_lasti)
except Exception as ex:
# bpo-34989: addr2line() is a complex function, it can fail in many
# ways. For example, it fails with a TypeError on "FakeRepr" if
# gdb fails to load debug symbols. Use a catch-all "except
# Exception" to make the whole function safe. The caller has to
# handle None anyway for optimized Python.
return None
def current_line(self):
'''Get the text of the current source line as a string, with a trailing
newline character'''
if self.is_optimized_out():
return FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT
lineno = self.current_line_num()
if lineno is None:
return '(failed to get frame line number)'
filename = self.filename()
try:
with open(os.fsencode(filename), 'r', encoding="utf-8") as fp:
lines = fp.readlines()
except IOError:
return None
try:
# Convert from 1-based current_line_num to 0-based list offset
return lines[lineno - 1]
except IndexError:
return None
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
if self.is_optimized_out():
out.write(FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT)
return
lineno = self.current_line_num()
lineno = str(lineno) if lineno is not None else "?"
out.write('Frame 0x%x, for file %s, line %s, in %s ('
% (self.as_address(),
self.co_filename.proxyval(visited),
lineno,
self.co_name.proxyval(visited)))
first = True
for pyop_name, pyop_value in self.iter_locals():
if not first:
out.write(', ')
first = False
out.write(pyop_name.proxyval(visited))
out.write('=')
pyop_value.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write(')')
def as_address(self):
return int(self._gdbval)
def print_traceback(self):
if self.is_optimized_out():
sys.stdout.write(' %s\n' % FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT)
return
visited = set()
lineno = self.current_line_num()
lineno = str(lineno) if lineno is not None else "?"
sys.stdout.write(' File "%s", line %s, in %s\n'
% (self.co_filename.proxyval(visited),
lineno,
self.co_name.proxyval(visited)))
def get_truncated_repr(self, maxlen):
'''
Get a repr-like string for the data, but truncate it at "maxlen" bytes
(ending the object graph traversal as soon as you do)
'''
out = TruncatedStringIO(maxlen)
try:
self.write_repr(out, set())
except StringTruncated:
# Truncation occurred:
return out.getvalue() + '...(truncated)'
# No truncation occurred:
return out.getvalue()
class PySetObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PySetObject'
@classmethod
def _dummy_key(self):
return gdb.lookup_global_symbol('_PySet_Dummy').value()
def __iter__(self):
dummy_ptr = self._dummy_key()
table = self.field('table')
for i in safe_range(self.field('mask') + 1):
setentry = table[i]
key = setentry['key']
if key != 0 and key != dummy_ptr:
yield PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(key)
def proxyval(self, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('%s(...)' % self.safe_tp_name())
visited.add(self.as_address())
members = (key.proxyval(visited) for key in self)
if self.safe_tp_name() == 'frozenset':
return frozenset(members)
else:
return set(members)
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Emulate Python's set_repr
tp_name = self.safe_tp_name()
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('(...)')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
# Python's set_repr special-cases the empty set:
if not self.field('used'):
out.write(tp_name)
out.write('()')
return
# Python uses {} for set literals:
if tp_name != 'set':
out.write(tp_name)
out.write('(')
out.write('{')
first = True
for key in self:
if not first:
out.write(', ')
first = False
key.write_repr(out, visited)
out.write('}')
if tp_name != 'set':
out.write(')')
class PyBytesObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyBytesObject'
def __str__(self):
field_ob_size = self.field('ob_size')
field_ob_sval = self.field('ob_sval')
char_ptr = field_ob_sval.address.cast(_type_unsigned_char_ptr())
return ''.join([chr(char_ptr[i]) for i in safe_range(field_ob_size)])
def proxyval(self, visited):
return str(self)
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Write this out as a Python bytes literal, i.e. with a "b" prefix
# Get a PyStringObject* within the Python gdb process:
proxy = self.proxyval(visited)
# Transliteration of Python's Objects/bytesobject.c:PyBytes_Repr
# to Python code:
quote = "'"
if "'" in proxy and not '"' in proxy:
quote = '"'
out.write('b')
out.write(quote)
for byte in proxy:
if byte == quote or byte == '\\':
out.write('\\')
out.write(byte)
elif byte == '\t':
out.write('\\t')
elif byte == '\n':
out.write('\\n')
elif byte == '\r':
out.write('\\r')
elif byte < ' ' or ord(byte) >= 0x7f:
out.write('\\x')
out.write(hexdigits[(ord(byte) & 0xf0) >> 4])
out.write(hexdigits[ord(byte) & 0xf])
else:
out.write(byte)
out.write(quote)
class PyTupleObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyTupleObject'
def __getitem__(self, i):
# Get the gdb.Value for the (PyObject*) with the given index:
field_ob_item = self.field('ob_item')
return field_ob_item[i]
def proxyval(self, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
return ProxyAlreadyVisited('(...)')
visited.add(self.as_address())
result = tuple(PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self[i]).proxyval(visited)
for i in safe_range(int_from_int(self.field('ob_size'))))
return result
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Guard against infinite loops:
if self.as_address() in visited:
out.write('(...)')
return
visited.add(self.as_address())
out.write('(')
for i in safe_range(int_from_int(self.field('ob_size'))):
if i > 0:
out.write(', ')
element = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self[i])
element.write_repr(out, visited)
if self.field('ob_size') == 1:
out.write(',)')
else:
out.write(')')
class PyTypeObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyTypeObject'
def _unichr_is_printable(char):
# Logic adapted from Python's Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py
if char == u" ":
return True
import unicodedata
return unicodedata.category(char) not in ("C", "Z")
class PyUnicodeObjectPtr(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'PyUnicodeObject'
def proxyval(self, visited):
compact = self.field('_base')
ascii = compact['_base']
state = ascii['state']
is_compact_ascii = (int(state['ascii']) and int(state['compact']))
field_length = int(ascii['length'])
if is_compact_ascii:
field_str = ascii.address + 1
elif int(state['compact']):
field_str = compact.address + 1
else:
field_str = self.field('data')['any']
repr_kind = int(state['kind'])
if repr_kind == 1:
field_str = field_str.cast(_type_unsigned_char_ptr())
elif repr_kind == 2:
field_str = field_str.cast(_type_unsigned_short_ptr())
elif repr_kind == 4:
field_str = field_str.cast(_type_unsigned_int_ptr())
# Gather a list of ints from the code point array; these are either
# UCS-1, UCS-2 or UCS-4 code points:
code_points = [int(field_str[i]) for i in safe_range(field_length)]
# Convert the int code points to unicode characters, and generate a
# local unicode instance.
result = ''.join(map(chr, code_points))
return result
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
# Write this out as a Python str literal
# Get a PyUnicodeObject* within the Python gdb process:
proxy = self.proxyval(visited)
# Transliteration of Python's Object/unicodeobject.c:unicode_repr
# to Python:
if "'" in proxy and '"' not in proxy:
quote = '"'
else:
quote = "'"
out.write(quote)
i = 0
while i < len(proxy):
ch = proxy[i]
i += 1
# Escape quotes and backslashes
if ch == quote or ch == '\\':
out.write('\\')
out.write(ch)
# Map special whitespace to '\t', \n', '\r'
elif ch == '\t':
out.write('\\t')
elif ch == '\n':
out.write('\\n')
elif ch == '\r':
out.write('\\r')
# Map non-printable US ASCII to '\xhh' */
elif ch < ' ' or ord(ch) == 0x7F:
out.write('\\x')
out.write(hexdigits[(ord(ch) >> 4) & 0x000F])
out.write(hexdigits[ord(ch) & 0x000F])
# Copy ASCII characters as-is
elif ord(ch) < 0x7F:
out.write(ch)
# Non-ASCII characters
else:
ucs = ch
ch2 = None
printable = ucs.isprintable()
if printable:
try:
ucs.encode(ENCODING)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
printable = False
# Map Unicode whitespace and control characters
# (categories Z* and C* except ASCII space)
if not printable:
if ch2 is not None:
# Match Python's representation of non-printable
# wide characters.
code = (ord(ch) & 0x03FF) << 10
code |= ord(ch2) & 0x03FF
code += 0x00010000
else:
code = ord(ucs)
# Map 8-bit characters to '\\xhh'
if code <= 0xff:
out.write('\\x')
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 4) & 0x000F])
out.write(hexdigits[code & 0x000F])
# Map 21-bit characters to '\U00xxxxxx'
elif code >= 0x10000:
out.write('\\U')
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 28) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 24) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 20) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 16) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 12) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 8) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 4) & 0x0000000F])
out.write(hexdigits[code & 0x0000000F])
# Map 16-bit characters to '\uxxxx'
else:
out.write('\\u')
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 12) & 0x000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 8) & 0x000F])
out.write(hexdigits[(code >> 4) & 0x000F])
out.write(hexdigits[code & 0x000F])
else:
# Copy characters as-is
out.write(ch)
if ch2 is not None:
out.write(ch2)
out.write(quote)
class wrapperobject(PyObjectPtr):
_typename = 'wrapperobject'
def safe_name(self):
try:
name = self.field('descr')['d_base']['name'].string()
return repr(name)
except (NullPyObjectPtr, RuntimeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
return '<unknown name>'
def safe_tp_name(self):
try:
return self.field('self')['ob_type']['tp_name'].string()
except (NullPyObjectPtr, RuntimeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
return '<unknown tp_name>'
def safe_self_addresss(self):
try:
address = int(self.field('self'))
return '%#x' % address
except (NullPyObjectPtr, RuntimeError):
return '<failed to get self address>'
def proxyval(self, visited):
name = self.safe_name()
tp_name = self.safe_tp_name()
self_address = self.safe_self_addresss()
return ("<method-wrapper %s of %s object at %s>"
% (name, tp_name, self_address))
def write_repr(self, out, visited):
proxy = self.proxyval(visited)
out.write(proxy)
def int_from_int(gdbval):
return int(gdbval)
def stringify(val):
# TODO: repr() puts everything on one line; pformat can be nicer, but
# can lead to v.long results; this function isolates the choice
if True:
return repr(val)
else:
from pprint import pformat
return pformat(val)
class PyObjectPtrPrinter:
"Prints a (PyObject*)"
def __init__ (self, gdbval):
self.gdbval = gdbval
def to_string (self):
pyop = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(self.gdbval)
if True:
return pyop.get_truncated_repr(MAX_OUTPUT_LEN)
else:
# Generate full proxy value then stringify it.
# Doing so could be expensive
proxyval = pyop.proxyval(set())
return stringify(proxyval)
def pretty_printer_lookup(gdbval):
type = gdbval.type.strip_typedefs().unqualified()
if type.code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_UNION and type.tag == '_PyStackRef':
return PyObjectPtrPrinter(gdbval)
if type.code != gdb.TYPE_CODE_PTR:
return None
type = type.target().unqualified()
t = str(type)
if t in ("PyObject", "PyFrameObject", "PyUnicodeObject", "wrapperobject"):
return PyObjectPtrPrinter(gdbval)
"""
During development, I've been manually invoking the code in this way:
(gdb) python
import sys
sys.path.append('/home/david/coding/python-gdb')
import libpython
end
then reloading it after each edit like this:
(gdb) python reload(libpython)
The following code should ensure that the prettyprinter is registered
if the code is autoloaded by gdb when visiting libpython.so, provided
that this python file is installed to the same path as the library (or its
.debug file) plus a "-gdb.py" suffix, e.g:
/usr/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0-gdb.py
/usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0.debug-gdb.py
"""
def register (obj):
if obj is None:
obj = gdb
# Wire up the pretty-printer
obj.pretty_printers.append(pretty_printer_lookup)
register (gdb.current_objfile ())
# Unfortunately, the exact API exposed by the gdb module varies somewhat
# from build to build
# See http://bugs.python.org/issue8279?#msg102276
class Frame(object):
'''
Wrapper for gdb.Frame, adding various methods
'''
def __init__(self, gdbframe):
self._gdbframe = gdbframe
def older(self):
older = self._gdbframe.older()
if older:
return Frame(older)
else:
return None
def newer(self):
newer = self._gdbframe.newer()
if newer:
return Frame(newer)
else:
return None
def select(self):
'''If supported, select this frame and return True; return False if unsupported
Not all builds have a gdb.Frame.select method; seems to be present on Fedora 12
onwards, but absent on Ubuntu buildbot'''
if not hasattr(self._gdbframe, 'select'):
print ('Unable to select frame: '
'this build of gdb does not expose a gdb.Frame.select method')
return False
self._gdbframe.select()
return True
def get_index(self):
'''Calculate index of frame, starting at 0 for the newest frame within
this thread'''
index = 0
# Go down until you reach the newest frame:
iter_frame = self
while iter_frame.newer():
index += 1
iter_frame = iter_frame.newer()
return index
# We divide frames into:
# - "python frames":
# - "bytecode frames" i.e. PyEval_EvalFrameEx
# - "other python frames": things that are of interest from a python
# POV, but aren't bytecode (e.g. GC, GIL)
# - everything else
def is_python_frame(self):
'''Is this a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault frame, or some other important
frame? (see is_other_python_frame for what "important" means in this
context)'''
if self.is_evalframe():
return True
if self.is_other_python_frame():
return True
return False
def is_evalframe(self):
'''Is this a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault frame?'''
if self._gdbframe.name() == EVALFRAME:
'''
I believe we also need to filter on the inline
struct frame_id.inline_depth, only regarding frames with
an inline depth of 0 as actually being this function
So we reject those with type gdb.INLINE_FRAME
'''
if self._gdbframe.type() == gdb.NORMAL_FRAME:
# We have a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault frame:
return True
return False
def is_other_python_frame(self):
'''Is this frame worth displaying in python backtraces?
Examples:
- waiting on the GIL
- garbage-collecting
- within a CFunction
If it is, return a descriptive string
For other frames, return False
'''
if self.is_waiting_for_gil():
return 'Waiting for the GIL'
if self.is_gc_collect():
return 'Garbage-collecting'
# Detect invocations of PyCFunction instances:
frame = self._gdbframe
caller = frame.name()
if not caller:
return False
if (caller.startswith('cfunction_vectorcall_') or
caller == 'cfunction_call'):
arg_name = 'func'
# Within that frame:
# "func" is the local containing the PyObject* of the
# PyCFunctionObject instance
# "f" is the same value, but cast to (PyCFunctionObject*)
# "self" is the (PyObject*) of the 'self'
try:
# Use the prettyprinter for the func:
func = frame.read_var(arg_name)
return str(func)
except ValueError:
return ('PyCFunction invocation (unable to read %s: '
'missing debuginfos?)' % arg_name)
except RuntimeError:
return 'PyCFunction invocation (unable to read %s)' % arg_name
if caller == 'wrapper_call':
arg_name = 'wp'
try:
func = frame.read_var(arg_name)
return str(func)
except ValueError:
return ('<wrapper_call invocation (unable to read %s: '
'missing debuginfos?)>' % arg_name)
except RuntimeError:
return '<wrapper_call invocation (unable to read %s)>' % arg_name
# This frame isn't worth reporting:
return False
def is_waiting_for_gil(self):
'''Is this frame waiting on the GIL?'''
# This assumes the _POSIX_THREADS version of Python/ceval_gil.c:
name = self._gdbframe.name()
if name:
return (name == 'take_gil')
def is_gc_collect(self):
'''Is this frame a collector within the garbage-collector?'''
return self._gdbframe.name() in (
'collect', 'gc_collect_full', 'gc_collect_main',
'gc_collect_young', 'gc_collect_increment',
)
def get_pyop(self):
try:
frame = self._gdbframe.read_var('frame')
frame = PyFramePtr(frame)
if not frame.is_optimized_out():
return frame
cframe = self._gdbframe.read_var('cframe')
if cframe is None:
return None
frame = PyFramePtr(cframe["current_frame"])
if frame and not frame.is_optimized_out():
return frame
return None
except ValueError:
return None
@classmethod
def get_selected_frame(cls):
_gdbframe = gdb.selected_frame()
if _gdbframe:
return Frame(_gdbframe)
return None
@classmethod
def get_selected_python_frame(cls):
'''Try to obtain the Frame for the python-related code in the selected
frame, or None'''
try:
frame = cls.get_selected_frame()
except gdb.error:
# No frame: Python didn't start yet
return None
while frame:
if frame.is_python_frame():
return frame
frame = frame.older()
# Not found:
return None
@classmethod
def get_selected_bytecode_frame(cls):
'''Try to obtain the Frame for the python bytecode interpreter in the
selected GDB frame, or None'''
frame = cls.get_selected_frame()
while frame:
if frame.is_evalframe():
return frame
frame = frame.older()
# Not found:
return None
def print_summary(self):
if self.is_evalframe():
interp_frame = self.get_pyop()
while True:
if interp_frame:
if interp_frame.is_shim():
break
line = interp_frame.get_truncated_repr(MAX_OUTPUT_LEN)
sys.stdout.write('#%i %s\n' % (self.get_index(), line))
if not interp_frame.is_optimized_out():
line = interp_frame.current_line()
if line is not None:
sys.stdout.write(' %s\n' % line.strip())
else:
sys.stdout.write('#%i (unable to read python frame information)\n' % self.get_index())
break
interp_frame = interp_frame.previous()
else:
info = self.is_other_python_frame()
if info:
sys.stdout.write('#%i %s\n' % (self.get_index(), info))
else:
sys.stdout.write('#%i\n' % self.get_index())
def print_traceback(self):
if self.is_evalframe():
interp_frame = self.get_pyop()
while True:
if interp_frame:
if interp_frame.is_shim():
break
interp_frame.print_traceback()
if not interp_frame.is_optimized_out():
line = interp_frame.current_line()
if line is not None:
sys.stdout.write(' %s\n' % line.strip())
else:
sys.stdout.write(' (unable to read python frame information)\n')
break
interp_frame = interp_frame.previous()
else:
info = self.is_other_python_frame()
if info:
sys.stdout.write(' %s\n' % info)
else:
sys.stdout.write(' (not a python frame)\n')
class PyList(gdb.Command):
'''List the current Python source code, if any
Use
py-list START
to list at a different line number within the python source.
Use
py-list START, END
to list a specific range of lines within the python source.
'''
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-list",
gdb.COMMAND_FILES,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
import re
start = None
end = None
m = re.match(r'\s*(\d+)\s*', args)
if m:
start = int(m.group(0))
end = start + 10
m = re.match(r'\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*', args)
if m:
start, end = map(int, m.groups())
# py-list requires an actual PyEval_EvalFrameEx frame:
frame = Frame.get_selected_bytecode_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate gdb frame for python bytecode interpreter')
return
pyop = frame.get_pyop()
if not pyop or pyop.is_optimized_out():
print(UNABLE_READ_INFO_PYTHON_FRAME)
return
filename = pyop.filename()
lineno = pyop.current_line_num()
if lineno is None:
print('Unable to read python frame line number')
return
if start is None:
start = lineno - 5
end = lineno + 5
if start<1:
start = 1
try:
f = open(os.fsencode(filename), 'r', encoding="utf-8")
except IOError as err:
sys.stdout.write('Unable to open %s: %s\n'
% (filename, err))
return
with f:
all_lines = f.readlines()
# start and end are 1-based, all_lines is 0-based;
# so [start-1:end] as a python slice gives us [start, end] as a
# closed interval
for i, line in enumerate(all_lines[start-1:end]):
linestr = str(i+start)
# Highlight current line:
if i + start == lineno:
linestr = '>' + linestr
sys.stdout.write('%4s %s' % (linestr, line))
# ...and register the command:
PyList()
def move_in_stack(move_up):
'''Move up or down the stack (for the py-up/py-down command)'''
# Important:
# The amount of frames that are printed out depends on how many frames are inlined
# in the same evaluation loop. As this command links directly the C stack with the
# Python stack, the results are sensitive to the number of inlined frames and this
# is likely to change between versions and optimizations.
frame = Frame.get_selected_python_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate python frame')
return
while frame:
if move_up:
iter_frame = frame.older()
else:
iter_frame = frame.newer()
if not iter_frame:
break
if iter_frame.is_python_frame():
# Result:
if iter_frame.select():
iter_frame.print_summary()
return
frame = iter_frame
if move_up:
print('Unable to find an older python frame')
else:
print('Unable to find a newer python frame')
class PyUp(gdb.Command):
'Select and print all python stack frame in the same eval loop starting from the one that called this one (if any)'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-up",
gdb.COMMAND_STACK,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
move_in_stack(move_up=True)
class PyDown(gdb.Command):
'Select and print all python stack frame in the same eval loop starting from the one called this one (if any)'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-down",
gdb.COMMAND_STACK,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
move_in_stack(move_up=False)
# Not all builds of gdb have gdb.Frame.select
if hasattr(gdb.Frame, 'select'):
PyUp()
PyDown()
class PyBacktraceFull(gdb.Command):
'Display the current python frame and all the frames within its call stack (if any)'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-bt-full",
gdb.COMMAND_STACK,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
frame = Frame.get_selected_python_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate python frame')
return
while frame:
if frame.is_python_frame():
frame.print_summary()
frame = frame.older()
PyBacktraceFull()
class PyBacktrace(gdb.Command):
'Display the current python frame and all the frames within its call stack (if any)'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-bt",
gdb.COMMAND_STACK,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
frame = Frame.get_selected_python_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate python frame')
return
sys.stdout.write('Traceback (most recent call first):\n')
while frame:
if frame.is_python_frame():
frame.print_traceback()
frame = frame.older()
PyBacktrace()
class PyPrint(gdb.Command):
'Look up the given python variable name, and print it'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-print",
gdb.COMMAND_DATA,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
name = str(args)
frame = Frame.get_selected_python_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate python frame')
return
pyop_frame = frame.get_pyop()
if not pyop_frame:
print(UNABLE_READ_INFO_PYTHON_FRAME)
return
pyop_var, scope = pyop_frame.get_var_by_name(name)
if pyop_var:
print('%s %r = %s'
% (scope,
name,
pyop_var.get_truncated_repr(MAX_OUTPUT_LEN)))
else:
print('%r not found' % name)
PyPrint()
class PyLocals(gdb.Command):
'Look up the given python variable name, and print it'
def __init__(self):
gdb.Command.__init__ (self,
"py-locals",
gdb.COMMAND_DATA,
gdb.COMPLETE_NONE)
def invoke(self, args, from_tty):
name = str(args)
frame = Frame.get_selected_python_frame()
if not frame:
print('Unable to locate python frame')
return
pyop_frame = frame.get_pyop()
while True:
if not pyop_frame:
print(UNABLE_READ_INFO_PYTHON_FRAME)
break
if pyop_frame.is_shim():
break
sys.stdout.write('Locals for %s\n' % (pyop_frame.co_name.proxyval(set())))
for pyop_name, pyop_value in pyop_frame.iter_locals():
print('%s = %s'
% (pyop_name.proxyval(set()),
pyop_value.get_truncated_repr(MAX_OUTPUT_LEN)))
pyop_frame = pyop_frame.previous()
PyLocals()
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