:mod:`!http` --- HTTP modules
=============================
.. module:: http
:synopsis: HTTP status codes and messages
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/http/__init__.py`
.. index::
pair: HTTP; protocol
single: HTTP; http (standard module)
--------------
:mod:`http` is a package that collects several modules for working with the
HyperText Transfer Protocol:
* :mod:`http.client` is a low-level HTTP protocol client; for high-level URL
opening use :mod:`urllib.request`
* :mod:`http.server` contains basic HTTP server classes based on :mod:`socketserver`
* :mod:`http.cookies` has utilities for implementing state management with cookies
* :mod:`http.cookiejar` provides persistence of cookies
The :mod:`http` module also defines the following enums that help you work with http related code:
.. class:: HTTPStatus
.. versionadded:: 3.5
A subclass of :class:`enum.IntEnum` that defines a set of HTTP status codes,
reason phrases and long descriptions written in English.
Usage::
>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK
HTTPStatus.OK
>>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
200
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
'OK'
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
'Request fulfilled, document follows'
>>> list(HTTPStatus)
[HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]
.. _http-status-codes:
HTTP status codes
-----------------
Supported,
`IANA-registered status codes <https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml>`_
available in :class:`http.HTTPStatus` are:
======= =================================== ==================================================================
Code Enum Name Details
======= =================================== ==================================================================
``100`` ``CONTINUE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.2.1
``101`` ``SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.2.2
``102`` ``PROCESSING`` WebDAV :rfc:`2518`, Section 10.1
``103`` ``EARLY_HINTS`` An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints :rfc:`8297`
``200`` ``OK`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.1
``201`` ``CREATED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.2
``202`` ``ACCEPTED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.3
``203`` ``NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.4
``204`` ``NO_CONTENT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.5
``205`` ``RESET_CONTENT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.6
``206`` ``PARTIAL_CONTENT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.3.7
``207`` ``MULTI_STATUS`` WebDAV :rfc:`4918`, Section 11.1
``208`` ``ALREADY_REPORTED`` WebDAV Binding Extensions :rfc:`5842`, Section 7.1 (Experimental)
``226`` ``IM_USED`` Delta Encoding in HTTP :rfc:`3229`, Section 10.4.1
``300`` ``MULTIPLE_CHOICES`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.1
``301`` ``MOVED_PERMANENTLY`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.2
``302`` ``FOUND`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.3
``303`` ``SEE_OTHER`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.4
``304`` ``NOT_MODIFIED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.5
``305`` ``USE_PROXY`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.6
``307`` ``TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.8
``308`` ``PERMANENT_REDIRECT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.4.9
``400`` ``BAD_REQUEST`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.1
``401`` ``UNAUTHORIZED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.2
``402`` ``PAYMENT_REQUIRED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.3
``403`` ``FORBIDDEN`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.4
``404`` ``NOT_FOUND`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.5
``405`` ``METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.6
``406`` ``NOT_ACCEPTABLE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.7
``407`` ``PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.8
``408`` ``REQUEST_TIMEOUT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.9
``409`` ``CONFLICT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.10
``410`` ``GONE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.11
``411`` ``LENGTH_REQUIRED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.12
``412`` ``PRECONDITION_FAILED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.13
``413`` ``CONTENT_TOO_LARGE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.14
``414`` ``URI_TOO_LONG`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.15
``415`` ``UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.16
``416`` ``RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.17
``417`` ``EXPECTATION_FAILED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.18
``418`` ``IM_A_TEAPOT`` HTCPCP/1.0 :rfc:`2324`, Section 2.3.2
``421`` ``MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.20
``422`` ``UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.21
``423`` ``LOCKED`` WebDAV :rfc:`4918`, Section 11.3
``424`` ``FAILED_DEPENDENCY`` WebDAV :rfc:`4918`, Section 11.4
``425`` ``TOO_EARLY`` Using Early Data in HTTP :rfc:`8470`
``426`` ``UPGRADE_REQUIRED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.5.22
``428`` ``PRECONDITION_REQUIRED`` Additional HTTP Status Codes :rfc:`6585`
``429`` ``TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`` Additional HTTP Status Codes :rfc:`6585`
``431`` ``REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`` Additional HTTP Status Codes :rfc:`6585`
``451`` ``UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS`` An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles :rfc:`7725`
``500`` ``INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.1
``501`` ``NOT_IMPLEMENTED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.2
``502`` ``BAD_GATEWAY`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.3
``503`` ``SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.4
``504`` ``GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.5
``505`` ``HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15.6.6
``506`` ``VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES`` Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP :rfc:`2295`, Section 8.1 (Experimental)
``507`` ``INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`` WebDAV :rfc:`4918`, Section 11.5
``508`` ``LOOP_DETECTED`` WebDAV Binding Extensions :rfc:`5842`, Section 7.2 (Experimental)
``510`` ``NOT_EXTENDED`` An HTTP Extension Framework :rfc:`2774`, Section 7 (Experimental)
``511`` ``NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`` Additional HTTP Status Codes :rfc:`6585`, Section 6
======= =================================== ==================================================================
In order to preserve backwards compatibility, enum values are also present
in the :mod:`http.client` module in the form of constants. The enum name is
equal to the constant name (i.e. ``http.HTTPStatus.OK`` is also available as
``http.client.OK``).
.. versionchanged:: 3.7
Added ``421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`` status code.
.. versionadded:: 3.8
Added ``451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS`` status code.
.. versionadded:: 3.9
Added ``103 EARLY_HINTS``, ``418 IM_A_TEAPOT`` and ``425 TOO_EARLY`` status codes.
.. versionchanged:: 3.13
Implemented RFC9110 naming for status constants. Old constant names are preserved for
backwards compatibility.
HTTP status category
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 3.12
The enum values have several properties to indicate the HTTP status category:
==================== ======================== ======================================
Property Indicates that Details
==================== ======================== ======================================
``is_informational`` ``100 <= status <= 199`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15
``is_success`` ``200 <= status <= 299`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15
``is_redirection`` ``300 <= status <= 399`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15
``is_client_error`` ``400 <= status <= 499`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15
``is_server_error`` ``500 <= status <= 599`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 15
==================== ======================== ======================================
Usage::
>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_success
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_client_error
False
.. class:: HTTPMethod
.. versionadded:: 3.11
A subclass of :class:`enum.StrEnum` that defines a set of HTTP methods and descriptions written in English.
Usage::
>>> from http import HTTPMethod
>>>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET
<HTTPMethod.GET>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET == 'GET'
True
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.value
'GET'
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.description
'Retrieve the target.'
>>> list(HTTPMethod)
[<HTTPMethod.CONNECT>,
<HTTPMethod.DELETE>,
<HTTPMethod.GET>,
<HTTPMethod.HEAD>,
<HTTPMethod.OPTIONS>,
<HTTPMethod.PATCH>,
<HTTPMethod.POST>,
<HTTPMethod.PUT>,
<HTTPMethod.TRACE>]
.. _http-methods:
HTTP methods
-----------------
Supported,
`IANA-registered methods <https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods/http-methods.xhtml>`_
available in :class:`http.HTTPMethod` are:
=========== =================================== ==================================================================
Method Enum Name Details
=========== =================================== ==================================================================
``GET`` ``GET`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.1
``HEAD`` ``HEAD`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.2
``POST`` ``POST`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.3
``PUT`` ``PUT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.4
``DELETE`` ``DELETE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.5
``CONNECT`` ``CONNECT`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.6
``OPTIONS`` ``OPTIONS`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.7
``TRACE`` ``TRACE`` HTTP Semantics :rfc:`9110`, Section 9.3.8
``PATCH`` ``PATCH`` HTTP/1.1 :rfc:`5789`
=========== =================================== ==================================================================
Codebase Browser
cpython