:mod:`!wave` --- Read and write WAV files
=========================================
.. module:: wave
:synopsis: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.
.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <[email protected]>
.. Documentations stolen from comments in file.
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/wave.py`
--------------
The :mod:`wave` module provides a convenient interface to the Waveform Audio
"WAVE" (or "WAV") file format. Only uncompressed PCM encoded wave files are
supported.
.. versionchanged:: 3.12
Support for ``WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE`` headers was added, provided that the
extended format is ``KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM``.
The :mod:`wave` module defines the following function and exception:
.. function:: open(file, mode=None)
If *file* is a string, open the file by that name, otherwise treat it as a
file-like object. *mode* can be:
``'rb'``
Read only mode.
``'wb'``
Write only mode.
Note that it does not allow read/write WAV files.
A *mode* of ``'rb'`` returns a :class:`Wave_read` object, while a *mode* of
``'wb'`` returns a :class:`Wave_write` object. If *mode* is omitted and a
file-like object is passed as *file*, ``file.mode`` is used as the default
value for *mode*.
If you pass in a file-like object, the wave object will not close it when its
``close()`` method is called; it is the caller's responsibility to close
the file object.
The :func:`.open` function may be used in a :keyword:`with` statement. When
the :keyword:`!with` block completes, the :meth:`Wave_read.close` or
:meth:`Wave_write.close` method is called.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
Added support for unseekable files.
.. exception:: Error
An error raised when something is impossible because it violates the WAV
specification or hits an implementation deficiency.
.. _wave-read-objects:
Wave_read Objects
-----------------
.. class:: Wave_read
Read a WAV file.
Wave_read objects, as returned by :func:`.open`, have the following methods:
.. method:: close()
Close the stream if it was opened by :mod:`wave`, and make the instance
unusable. This is called automatically on object collection.
.. method:: getnchannels()
Returns number of audio channels (``1`` for mono, ``2`` for stereo).
.. method:: getsampwidth()
Returns sample width in bytes.
.. method:: getframerate()
Returns sampling frequency.
.. method:: getnframes()
Returns number of audio frames.
.. method:: getcomptype()
Returns compression type (``'NONE'`` is the only supported type).
.. method:: getcompname()
Human-readable version of :meth:`getcomptype`. Usually ``'not compressed'``
parallels ``'NONE'``.
.. method:: getparams()
Returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth,
framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)``, equivalent to output of the
``get*()`` methods.
.. method:: readframes(n)
Reads and returns at most *n* frames of audio, as a :class:`bytes` object.
.. method:: rewind()
Rewind the file pointer to the beginning of the audio stream.
The following two methods are defined for compatibility with the old :mod:`!aifc`
module, and don't do anything interesting.
.. method:: getmarkers()
Returns ``None``.
.. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
The method only existed for compatibility with the :mod:`!aifc` module
which has been removed in Python 3.13.
.. method:: getmark(id)
Raise an error.
.. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
The method only existed for compatibility with the :mod:`!aifc` module
which has been removed in Python 3.13.
The following two methods define a term "position" which is compatible between
them, and is otherwise implementation dependent.
.. method:: setpos(pos)
Set the file pointer to the specified position.
.. method:: tell()
Return current file pointer position.
.. _wave-write-objects:
Wave_write Objects
------------------
.. class:: Wave_write
Write a WAV file.
Wave_write objects, as returned by :func:`.open`.
For seekable output streams, the ``wave`` header will automatically be updated
to reflect the number of frames actually written. For unseekable streams, the
*nframes* value must be accurate when the first frame data is written. An
accurate *nframes* value can be achieved either by calling
:meth:`setnframes` or :meth:`setparams` with the number
of frames that will be written before :meth:`close` is called and
then using :meth:`writeframesraw` to write the frame data, or by
calling :meth:`writeframes` with all of the frame data to be
written. In the latter case :meth:`writeframes` will calculate
the number of frames in the data and set *nframes* accordingly before writing
the frame data.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
Added support for unseekable files.
Wave_write objects have the following methods:
.. method:: close()
Make sure *nframes* is correct, and close the file if it was opened by
:mod:`wave`. This method is called upon object collection. It will raise
an exception if the output stream is not seekable and *nframes* does not
match the number of frames actually written.
.. method:: setnchannels(n)
Set the number of channels.
.. method:: setsampwidth(n)
Set the sample width to *n* bytes.
.. method:: setframerate(n)
Set the frame rate to *n*.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
A non-integral input to this method is rounded to the nearest
integer.
.. method:: setnframes(n)
Set the number of frames to *n*. This will be changed later if the number
of frames actually written is different (this update attempt will
raise an error if the output stream is not seekable).
.. method:: setcomptype(type, name)
Set the compression type and description. At the moment, only compression type
``NONE`` is supported, meaning no compression.
.. method:: setparams(tuple)
The *tuple* should be ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype,
compname)``, with values valid for the ``set*()`` methods. Sets all
parameters.
.. method:: tell()
Return current position in the file, with the same disclaimer for the
:meth:`Wave_read.tell` and :meth:`Wave_read.setpos` methods.
.. method:: writeframesraw(data)
Write audio frames, without correcting *nframes*.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted.
.. method:: writeframes(data)
Write audio frames and make sure *nframes* is correct. It will raise an
error if the output stream is not seekable and the total number of frames
that have been written after *data* has been written does not match the
previously set value for *nframes*.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted.
Note that it is invalid to set any parameters after calling :meth:`writeframes`
or :meth:`writeframesraw`, and any attempt to do so will raise
:exc:`wave.Error`.
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