.. highlight:: c
.. _concrete:
**********************
Concrete Objects Layer
**********************
The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types.
Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an
object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type,
you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a
dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`. The chapter is structured like the
"family tree" of Python object types.
.. warning::
While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the
objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for ``NULL`` being passed
instead of a valid object. Allowing ``NULL`` to be passed in can cause memory
access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.
.. _fundamental:
Fundamental Objects
===================
This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``.
.. toctree::
type.rst
none.rst
.. _numericobjects:
Numeric Objects
===============
.. index:: pair: object; numeric
.. toctree::
long.rst
bool.rst
float.rst
complex.rst
.. _sequenceobjects:
Sequence Objects
================
.. index:: pair: object; sequence
Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
intrinsic to the Python language.
.. XXX sort out unicode, str, bytes and bytearray
.. toctree::
bytes.rst
bytearray.rst
unicode.rst
tuple.rst
list.rst
.. _mapobjects:
Container Objects
=================
.. index:: pair: object; mapping
.. toctree::
dict.rst
set.rst
.. _otherobjects:
Function Objects
================
.. toctree::
function.rst
method.rst
cell.rst
code.rst
Other Objects
=============
.. toctree::
file.rst
module.rst
iterator.rst
descriptor.rst
slice.rst
memoryview.rst
weakref.rst
capsule.rst
frame.rst
gen.rst
coro.rst
contextvars.rst
datetime.rst
typehints.rst
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