Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.
- The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core
level.
- Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This
applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as
path names in command line arguments, environment variables
and config files (`.git/config` (see linkgit:git-config[1]),
linkgit:gitignore[5], linkgit:gitattributes[5] and
linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
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Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as
sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding
conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using
non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file
systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However,
repositories created on such systems will not work properly on
UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa.
Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to
be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.
- Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other
extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes
ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but _not_ UTF-16/32,
EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5,
EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).
Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular
project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in
mind.
. 'git commit' and 'git commit-tree' issue
a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to
have `i18n.commitEncoding` in `.git/config` file, like this:
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------------
[i18n]
commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1
------------
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Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
of `i18n.commitEncoding` in their `encoding` header. This is to
help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header
implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.
. 'git log', 'git show', 'git blame' and friends look at the
`encoding` header of a commit object, and try to re-code the
log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can
specify the desired output encoding with
`i18n.logOutputEncoding` in `.git/config` file, like this:
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------------
[i18n]
logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1
------------
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If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
`i18n.commitEncoding` is used instead.
Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
reversible operation.
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